原位生成TiC对快速凝固Al-8Fe合金显微组织的影响

通过对不同TiC粒子含量的快速凝固Al-8Fe合金条带显微组织的观察发展：随着TiC含量的增加，合金的显微组织产生明显的细化，使快凝合金条带的耐浸蚀区所占的比例增大，并在一定程度上抑制了初生Al6Fe块状相的生成，当TiC含量达到10％（质量分数）时，出现了大尺寸TiC颗粒聚集现象，同时生成少量初生Al6Fe块状相。     

外加法和原位法生成Al-8Fe/TiC复合材料显微组织的研究

通过外加法和原位生成法制备了常规凝固Al-8Fe/TiC复合材料材料,通过OM和TEM等手段研究了两种材料的显微组织,发现外加法制备的合金中TiC粒子比较粗大,而且TiC粒子容易产生聚集,在TiC颗粒与α-Al基体界面处有过渡层存在.而原位法生成的合金中TiC粒子细小,均匀分布于基体之上,而且和α-Al基体在界面处接合紧密,没有污染相和其它反应产物的生成.     

快速凝固Al—Ti—Fe系合金的组织演化

采用单辊旋铸技术制备Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe,Al2.5Ti-2.5Fe-2.5V和Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe-2.5Cr(at%，下同）合金薄带，利用X射线衍射（XRD）和透射电镜（TEM）分析了这些合金的急冷态和退火态组织。结果表明：快速凝固Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe合金急冷态组织中存在Al3Ti和Al5Ti2两种初生相，快凝合金经400℃退火10h后，组织中出现了Al13Fe4相，在450℃退火，组织中析出了弥散Al3Ti相；快速凝固Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe-2.5V合金急冷态组织中存在Al11V相和Al80V20相，400℃退火10h后，初生Al11V相转变为Al80V20相，且固溶在α-Al基体中的Ti,Fe以Al23Ti9相和Al13Fe4相的形式析出；快速凝固Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe-2.5Cr合金急冷态组织中存在Al3Ti和Al13Cr2两种初生相，快凝合金经300℃退火10h后，组织中析出了Al13Cr2和Al3Ti两种弥散相，400℃退火10h时后组织中出现了Al13Fe4相。     

石油焦制备Al-Ti-C-Ce母合金显微组织及凝固机理研究

采用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）研究了Al-Ti-C-Ce母合金显微组织。结果表明：该母合金由α（Al）、（AlTi）、（TiC）、（Ti2Al20Ce）相组成;合金中分布具有复合结构的第二相。线分析表明：合金中C分布均匀,粒子内部Al含量偏低,粒子与基体间界面区域Ce含量最高,粒子内部铈含量略低,第二相粒子内部是元素Ti含量分布最集中的区域。母合金的凝固过程为：合金熔体中Ti、Al、C首先形成高熔点TiC、（TiAl）质点相;以TiC相为一次晶核,（TiAl）相偏聚在TiC相表面,形成TiC-（TiAl）复合晶核,Al通过包晶反应形成微细TiC-（TiAl）-α（Al）一级复合晶核;以某一能量较高、团簇尺寸较大的一级复合晶核为核心,其它一级复合晶核偏聚在其表面,形成二级复合晶核。二级复合晶核形成三级复合晶核,依次类推,形成复合粒子的钛富集区。钛富集区作为超级“晶核”,并作为Ti2Al20Ce和（Al4Ce）形核的“基底”,在其表面形成富铈的壳层,α（Al）通过富铈的壳层成核。     

金属间化合物和低孔隙率TiC烧结体在热压下界面的扩散、挤压和反应行为(英文)

分别以Fe40Al、Ni3Al和TiAl(NbCr)金属间化合物为基体,在一定的压力和温度下,使其和低孔隙率TiC粉体烧结体有效结合。采用扫描电镜及能谱仪等对其界面的组织结构进行分析。结果表明,所有金属间化合物均与TiC烧结体形成了冶金结合的界面。TiC烧结体在高温保压过程中有微量分解,扩散进入了Fe40Al和Ni3Al基体表层,降低了其熔点,从而使其成为可流动状态,被挤压进入TiC烧结体的孔隙。但TiAl(NbCr)合金未能进入TiC烧结体孔隙,而是在与TiC的界面处形成了一层Ti含量高于基体约10at%的反应层。     

铸钢表面耐热复合涂层的制备

采用铸造反应合成技术制备出TiC/Ni3Al表面复合涂层材料,研究了涂层的物相、组织和界面形态,测试了涂层的硬度和耐磨性。结果表明：Ti-C-3Ni-Al体系反应完全,产物为TiC和Ni3Al。表面复合涂层中直径为1～3μm的TiC颗粒呈球形镶嵌在Ni3Al基体上,随着TiC含量的提高,颗粒尺寸略有长大、分布更均匀、涂层更致密,且涂层与钢基体界面为良好的冶金结合,随TiC含量的变化而界面呈现出不同的形貌,在TiC含量〈45%时,涂层为一整体,从涂层到界面处Ni、Al、Ti、Fe元素呈梯度变化;在TiC含量≥45%时,涂层出现了分层现象。随着涂层中TiC含量的增高,材料的硬度和耐磨性提高,表面复合涂层的硬度和耐磨性均明显高于钢基体。     

快速凝固Al—Fe—V—Si合金微结构Mossbauer谱研究

用Mossbauer谱研究了快速凝固Al－Fe－V－Si合金的微结构，结果表明，合金中Fe原子存在α－Al（Fe），α－Al（Fe－Fe）替代固溶体及α－Al13（Fe，V）3Si金属间化合物三种组态，高温热曝露状态除4.3％Fe合金（原子分数）α－Al（Fe－Fe）组态消失外，其它合金组态类型不变，但含量发生相对变化，急冷态和退火态α-Al晶格常数随合金中Fe含量增加呈现不同程度的下降趋势，归因于两种状态组分原子Fe，V和Si含量的变化。     

Diffusion, Intrusion and Reaction between Al-Containing In-termetallics and TiC Sintered Body during Thermal Pressure Holding

分别以Fe40Al、Ni3Al和TiAl(NbCr)金属间化合物为基体,在一定的压力和温度下,使其和低孔隙率TiC粉体烧结体有效结合。采用扫描电镜及能谱仪等对其界面的组织结构进行分析。结果表明,所有金属间化合物均与TiC烧结体形成了冶金结合的界面。TiC烧结体在高温保压过程中有微量分解,扩散进入了Fe40Al和Ni3Al基体表层,降低了其熔点,从而使其成为可流动状态,被挤压进入TiC烧结体的孔隙。但TiAl(NbCr)合金未能进入TiC烧结体孔隙,而是在与TiC的界面处形成了一层Ti含量高于基体约10at%的反应层。     

Al-5％Fe合金的热速处理研究

研究热速处理工艺对Al-5％Fe合金力学性能和初生Al3Fe相形貌的影响。研究结果发现，未热速处理时，初生Al3Fe相为粗大的针片状或针状；初生Al3Fe相占基体的面积百分率为40．39％；合金的抗拉强度为107MPa。经热速处理后，小部分初生Al3Fe相长成细小的针状，大部分则长成针点状；初生Al3Fe相占基体的面积百分率达到50．77％；抗拉强度达到145MPa，提高35．5％。研究认为，热速处理之所以能细化初生Al3Fe相是由于高温过热减小了Al与Fe之间的原子团簇，最大限度地消除了合金的遗传性和增大了形核过冷度。     

TiC/Al3Ti表面复合涂层的冶金合成

采用铸造反应合成技术在钢铁表面合成TiC/Al3Ti金属间化合物基复合材料涂层。研究了涂层的物相、组织和界面形貌,测试了涂层的硬度分布并对涂层的形成机理进行探讨。结果表明:在熔融铁液作用下,Al-Ti-C体系反应完全,制备出TiC颗粒增强金属间化合物基表面复合涂层。TiC颗粒均匀地镶嵌在Al3Ti基体上,涂层致密。当TiC含量较少时,TiC呈条状;随着TiC含量的增加,TiC尺寸逐渐减小,且由长条状向粒状转化。涂层与铁基体界面为良好的冶金结合,从涂层到界面处Al、Ti、Fe、C元素呈梯度变化。涂层的硬度明显高于基体,且随着涂层中TiC含量的增加略有提高。     

TiAl_3对TiC粒子在铝基体中分布及α(Al)晶粒形核的影响

研究TiC和TiAl_3细化工业纯铝时TiAl_3的存在对TiC在铝基体中分布及α(Al)晶粒形核的影响,分析Al-Ti-C晶粒细化机制.结果表明:TiC单独作为工业纯铝的晶粒细化剂时,大量TiC被α(Al)晶粒推向树枝晶的晶界处,从而限制了TiC的异质形核作用;当TiC和TiAl_3共同作为晶粒细化剂时,在α(Al)晶粒内部出现了大量TiC粒子,大量的TiC粒子成为了α(Al)的结晶核心,并且在TiC颗粒和铝基体的界面处存在"富Ti过渡区";TiAl_3在铝熔体中分解释放出Ti原子并向TiC粒子周围偏聚,形成的"TiC/铝熔体界面富Ti过渡区" 改善了TiC与α(Al)的结构适应性,降低了TiC粒子的表面张力,促进了TiC粒子在铝熔体中的均匀分布,提高了其形核能力.     

Microstructural characterization of in situ TiC/Al and TiC/Al–20Si–5Fe–3Cu–1Mg composites prepared by spray deposition

An innovative spray-deposition technique has been applied to produce in situ TiC/Al and TiC/Al–20Si–5Fe–3Cu–1Mg composites. This technique provides a new route to solve the problems of losses and agglomeration of the reinforcement particles when they are injected into the spray cone of molten droplets during spray forming process. Experimental results have shown that the presence of needle-like Al₃Ti and Al–Si–Fe compounds, which are detrimental not only to the fracture toughness, but also to the stability of the microstructure, can be eliminated completely from the final product by using a proper Ti:C molar ratio of 1:1.3 in the Ti–C–Al preforms and adding 5 wt% TiC particles to Al–20Si–5Fe–3Cu–1Mg alloy. Moreover, another major problem of coarsening of silicon particles usually encountered in the hypereutectic Al–Si alloys has also been solved by the technique. The silicon particles in the spray-deposited 5 wt% TiC/Al–20Si–5Fe–3Cu–1Mg composite were much refined (∼2 μm) compared to those (∼5 μm) obtained in the matrix alloy without TiC addition. The formation and elimination mechanisms of Al₃Ti phase in TiC/Al composites can be explained based on thermodynamic theory. The modification of the microstructures in the spray-deposited Al–20Si–5Fe–3Cu–1Mg alloy can be interpreted in the light of the knowledge of atomic diffusion. The experimental results also showed that the ultimate tensile strength of the TiC/Al composites was improved over that of the unreinforced Al matrix.     

铸铁表面原位合成TiC/Al3Ti复合材料

对Al-Ti-C体系进行热力学分析,在氩气保护下进行热爆反应试验.采用铸造反应合成技术在铸铁表面原位合成TiC/Al3Ti复合材料.研究热爆产物及表面复合材料的物相、组织和界面形貌,并对其形成机理进行探讨.结果表明:采用热爆工艺使Al-Ti-C体系发生反应,生成纯净的TiC/Al3Ti复合产物.在熔融铁液作用下,Al-Ti-C体系反应完全,制备出纯净的TiC颗粒增强金属间化合物基表面复合材料.表面复合材料组织致密,与铁基体界面为良好的冶金结合.当TiC含量较少时,颗粒呈条状;随着TiC含量的提高,颗粒尺寸逐渐减小,由长条状向粒状及细粒状转化.     

Synthesis and Evaluation of TiC/Al3Ti Coating on Iron Via Thermal Explosion of Al-Ti-C System

Thermal explosion reactions of Al-Ti-C system were studied. It was found that TiC and Al₃Ti could be synthesized as final products in the Al-Ti-C system. A particular morphology variation of TiC occurred with an increase of TiC content. TiC presented a strip form as the content of TiC was 20 wt.%; with an increase of TiC, its shape changed to a granular form with a reduced size. A TiC-reinforced Al₃Ti intermetallic matrix composite coating was successfully fabricated on an iron substrate by the thermal explosion of Al-Ti-C system during casting. As the contents of TiC reached 20-40 wt.%, the reactions of Al-Ti-C system were ignited and fully completed by molten iron to achieve a compacted coating with a good metallurgical bonding between the coating and basal iron. The elements of Al, Ti, C, and Fe gradiently distributed from the coating to the matrix. The hardness of the coating was substantially higher than that of the matrix and slightly increased with an increase of TiC content. The composite coating presented relatively lower wear rates than H13 steel at 25-400 °C.     

Ti3AlC2与Fe在高温下的反应行为（英文）

通过TG-DTA、XRD、SEM和EDS的分析,研究Ti3AlC2与Fe在高温下的互相反应。结果表明,当烧结温度在659.9℃以上时,Ti3AlC2与Fe主要以放热反应为主,当烧结温度为760~1045℃时,Ti3AlC2与Fe之间的反应较弱,并开始生成TiC0.625相;随着烧结温度升到1045℃时,Ti3AlC2的衍射峰逐渐消失,烧结产物的衍射峰只有TiC0.625和Fe(Al)固溶体;随着温度的进一步升高,烧结产物的衍射峰基本为TiC0.625和Fe(Al)固溶体不变。采用SEM和EDS分析可知,该反应主要发生了两个过程,其一,Ti3AlC2发生了分解,Ti3AlC2中的Al发生了析出,并固溶到基体的金属相中形成Fe(Al)固溶体,而Ti3AlC2中Ti和C则形成了TiC0.625陶瓷相。其二,Fe原子沿着Ti3AlC2分解形成的Al空位渗入到Ti3AlC2颗粒中,进而导致Ti3AlC2进一步分解成粒径更小颗粒。Ti3AlC2中Al的析出是导致Ti3AlC2在远低于其分解温度下就与Fe发生反应的主要因素。     

In-situ production and microstructures of iron aluminide/TiC composites

In this study we have tried to produce the titanium carbide reinforced iron aluminide composites by in-situ reaction between titanium and carbon in liquid iron–aluminum alloy doped with titanium and carbon. A homogeneous distribution of titanium carbide particles in the iron aluminide matrix up to about 16 vol% of titanium carbide was intended without agglomeration. The composition of TiC formed during in-situ reaction was investigated by ICP analysis and the Combustion-Infrared Absorption method after chemical dissolution of the iron aluminide matrix. It is found that the composition of titanium carbide formed during melt processing is an average of Ti–48.4 mol% C. In addition, titanium carbide has very low solubility of Fe and Al. The microstructure of composites consists of three different regions; primary large TiC particles of 5–40 μm, matrix with small dendritic TiC particles of about 1 μm and particle-free regions around primary large TiC particles. The formation of this complex microstructure can be explained by assuming the Fe₃Al–TiC pseudo-binary system containing the eutectic reaction. Particle-free regions are halos of iron aluminide phase and the formation of halos is explained by coupled zone concept. Subsequent heat treatment at 1373 K for 48 h induces spheroidization and/or coarsening of small TiC particles, while microstructure after heat treatment at 973 K for 48 h exhibits the additional formation of small TiC precipitates. Though excess 1 mol% Ti addition over the Ti content for TiC formation is soluble to Fe–28 mol% Al, excess 1 mol% C addition forms the secondary Fe₃AlC phase during melt processing.     

Cu-Sn-Ti钎料的改性设计及性能分析

钎料对钎焊金刚石工具的界面结合强度起决定作用。在Cu-Sn-Ti预合金钎料中添加Fe、Al、Si粉末制作预混合钎料,利用兼有上下界的极端顶点混料设计方法,确定17种钎料配比方案,并制作剪切样件和钎焊金刚石样件,通过剪切实验评价钎料的力学性能,使用SEM、EDS和Raman对基体界面、金刚石形貌和金刚石界面进行分析。试验结果表明:Cu-Sn-Ti的质量分数低于95%时,预混合钎料剪切强度明显降低,每种添加元素的质量分数应控制在2%以下;Cu-Sn-Ti钎料中,添加Fe、Al、Si的质量分数均为1.7%的预混合钎料熔点适宜、流淌性适中,磨粒出刃性好,对金刚石无损伤,且在金刚石界面有树枝状致密TiC生成,具有较好的综合性能。      

TiC对喷射沉积Al-8Fe-1.3V-1.7Si合金显微组织和性能的影响

利用SEM, XRD, TEM等手段对原位反应生成TiC粒子的喷射沉积Al-8Fe-1.3V-1.7Si合金的显微组织进行了分析与研究, 并对合金机械性能进行了测试. 结果表明, TiC粒子的生成对合金的显微组织有一定的细化作用, 并增加了弥散强化相的总体积分数, 从而导致合金的综合性能有了一定的提高.