Fenton氧化-活性炭吸附协同深度处理抗生素制药废水研究

采用Fenton氧化-活性炭吸附协同处理工艺对抗生素制药废水二级生化出水进行了研究。探讨了温度、pH值、H2O2投加量、Fe2 投加量、反应时间,活性炭投加量及投加方式对COD去除率的影响。结果表明:在温度为30℃,pH值为5,H2O2(30%)投加量为300mg/L,FeSO4·7H2O投加量为80mg/L,反应时间为120min,活性炭投加量为50mg/L且与Fenton试剂同时加入时,COD去除率可达68.5%,处理出水达到了国家一级排放标准。     

Fenton氧化深度处理焦化废水的研究

采用Fenton氧化对焦化废水进行了深度处理。结果表明：Fenton氧化反应迅速,可迅速降低焦化废水生化出水的COD;H2O2和Fe2＋的投加量对Fenton氧化具有明显的影响;pH=3时反应体系具有最佳的COD去除效果。在H2O2投加量为1.994 mL/L,FeSO4.7H2O投加量为0.543 g/L,pH=3,温度为35℃的条件下,反应出水COD低于100 mg/L,去除率可达72.7%;Fenton氧化可有效去除生化出水中的难降解有机物。实验结果表明Fenton氧化是深度处理焦化废水的有效工艺。     

新型Fenton试剂处理纸机白水的研究

研究利用MnO2和FeSO4共同催化的新型Fenton试剂处理纸机白水的生化出水,考察了初始pH、FeSO4投加量、H2O2投加量以及MnO2的催化氧化对废水中COD和色度去除率的影响。结果表明:在pH=3.0、FeSO4投加量为300 mg/L、H2O2投加量为0.5 mL/L,反应时间为1 h,出水COD可降至60 mg/L以下,色度可达到4倍。投加MnO2可提高Fenton试剂对COD去除率,且可减少H2O2投加量。     

Fenton高级氧化法深度处理焦化生化废水的实验研究

采用硫酸亚铁和过氧化氢所构成的Fenton试剂,对经生化处理后的焦化废水进行Fenton高级氧化深度处理,重点考察了废水初始pH,FeSO4·7H2O、H2O2及PAM投加量对焦化生化废水处理效果的影响。结果表明,采用Fenton高级氧化法可使经生化处理后的焦化废水中的COD、NH3-N和色度得到进一步有效去除。对于中等浓度的焦化生化废水,较适宜的Fenton氧化工艺条件:废水初始pH为8~10,FeSO4·7H2O投加量为500 mg/L,H2O2投加量为3.5 mL/L,PAM投加量为4.0 mg/L。在此条件下,COD、NH3-N和色度的去除率分别可达85.9%、97.3%和84.6%。     

Fenton/SBR深度处理头孢类制药废水二级生化出水

采用Fenton/SBR组合工艺深度处理头孢类制药废水二级生化出水。试验结果表明:在反应pH=4、FeSO4.7H2O投加浓度为0.6 mmol/L、H2O2(30%)投加浓度为20 mmol/L,反应时间为80 min情况下,COD由250 mg/L降到90 mg/L,B/C由0增加到0.51,可生化性得到较大提高。再在SBR内进行4 h的生化处理,出水COD降到40.3mg/L,达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)一级A标准。     

Fe_2O_3/γ-Al_2O_3/H_2O_2/O_3对制药二级生化出水的深度处理研究

采用浸渍法将Fe_2O_3负载在γ-Al_2O_3表面,制备高活性催化剂。采用Fe_2O_3/γ-Al_2O_3/H_2O_2/O_3催化氧化深度处理制药二级生化出水,考察催化剂投加量、pH值、双氧水投加量、臭氧流量等对废水中COD去除率的影响。结果显示,在催化剂投加量3 g/L,废水pH为9,双氧水投加量1 mg/L,臭氧流量1.0 L/min条件下,COD去除率达到85.96%。催化剂循环使用10次后,COD去除率仍然可达到83%以上,证明催化剂稳定性良好。     

Fe_2O_3/γ-Al_2O_3/H_2O_2/O_3对制药二级生化出水的深度处理研究

采用浸渍法将Fe_2O_3负载在γ-Al_2O_3表面,制备高活性催化剂。采用Fe_2O_3/γ-Al_2O_3/H_2O_2/O_3催化氧化深度处理制药二级生化出水,考察催化剂投加量、pH值、双氧水投加量、臭氧流量等对废水中COD去除率的影响。结果显示,在催化剂投加量3 g/L,废水pH为9,双氧水投加量1 mg/L,臭氧流量1.0 L/min条件下,COD去除率达到85.96%。催化剂循环使用10次后,COD去除率仍然可达到83%以上,证明催化剂稳定性良好。     

微波强化Fenton氧化法深度处理抗生素废水研究

采用微波强化Fenton氧化法对抗生素废水二级处理出水进行深度处理,通过正交试验和单因素试验得出最佳反应条件为:初始pH为3.0～4.0、H2O2投加量为5 mL/L、n(Fe2+)∶n(H2O2)为1∶10、微波功率为625 W。当抗生素废水二级出水COD为502～516 mg/L时,反应时间6 min,处理出水COD<120 mg/L,COD去除率达到78.0%以上,处理后出水水质满足《发酵类制药工业水污染物排放标准》(GB 21903—2008)。     

Fenton+MnO_2+A/O组合工艺处理过氧化甲乙酮生产废水

利用Fenton+MnO_2+A/O组合工艺处理过氧化甲乙酮生产废水。在Fenton+MnO_2预处理阶段对影响废水COD去除率的主要因素进行了考察,得到反应的最佳条件:p H=2.7,30%H_2O_2投加量为0.1 L/L,FeSO_4·7H_2O投加量为5 g/L,MnO_2投加量为8 g/L,MnO_2氧化反应时间为45 min。废水经Fenton+MnO_2氧化预处理后可生化性由0.14提高到了0.25左右。废水经Fenton+MnO_2+A/O组合工艺处理后,出水COD稳定低于500 mg/L。     

O_3/H_2O_2法处理印染废水二级出水的试验研究

H2O2协同臭氧氧化实验中,对于初始pH值为6.8的500 mL废水,在臭氧投加量为48 mg,0.1 mL H2O2在反应前加注到反应器的条件下,O3/H2O2工艺的COD cr去除率比臭氧单独氧化提高了7.9%。对于O3/H2O2工艺,其最佳H2O2投加量随废水pH值的增加而减少;一次投加H2O2方式的COD cr去除率在大部分时间内都好于间歇投加H2O2方式。     

Photocatalytic activity of Cu2O/TiO2, Bi2O3/TiO2 and ZnMn2O4/TiO2 heterojunctions

Cu₂O/TiO₂, Bi₂O₃/TiO₂ and ZnMn₂O₄/TiO₂ heterojunctions were studied for potential applications in water decontamination technology and their capacity to induce an oxidation process under VIS light. UV–vis spectroscopy analysis showed that the junctions-based Cu₂O, Bi₂O₃ and ZnMn₂O₄ are able to absorb a large part of visible light (respectively, up to 650, 460 and 1000 nm). This fact was confirmed in the case of Cu₂O/TiO₂ and Bi₂O₃/TiO₂ by photocatalytic experiments performed under visible light. A part of the charge recombination that can take place when both semiconductors are excited was observed when a photocatalytic experiment was performed under UV–vis illumination. Orange II, 4-hydroxybenzoic and benzamide were used as pollutants in the experiment. Photoactivity of the junctions was found to be strongly dependent on the substrate. The different phenomena that were observed in each case are discussed.     

SiO2/Al2O3对仿铜金属光泽釉面的性能影响

通过单因素实验探讨了SiO2/Al2O3摩尔比对仿铜金属釉的影响,研制了一种釉面耐磨性较高且呈现仿铜金属效果的生料金属釉。实验结果表明:随着SiO2/Al2O3摩尔比的增加,由于釉中析出的晶体种类和数量不同,从而导致釉面光泽度和色泽不一。当SiO2/Al2O3摩尔比为5.6时,釉中析出了CuMn2O4尖晶石晶体,从而使釉面呈现最佳的仿铜金属光泽,该釉面硬度为894.65Kg/mm2。     

莫来石-二氧化硅催化剂载体制备

莫来石具有膨胀均匀、热震稳定性好、硬度大、化学稳定性好等性质,二氧化硅具有耐磨性好、化学性能稳定、熔点高等性质。为此,以此两种矿物为主要矿相的材料作为催化剂载体,其性能稳定。这里利用固体废弃物矾土尾矿、粘土和纤维素为原料制备了莫来石-石英多孔催化剂载体,研究结果表明:为满足制品中更多地形成莫来石矿物相,同时满足各种原料配合后能够实现可塑成形的要求,较为合理的配方是矾土尾矿与紫木节粘土质量比160g:40g,纤维素和水分别为矾土尾矿与紫木节粘土总质量外加计1%和25%。为使载体中形成合适的气孔,在载体中加入成孔剂,对所选成孔剂,成孔剂M较为理想,可以实现载体内不留残留物,载体不会受到污染,成孔剂M合理的加入量为4%,此时其载体气孔率较高为41.3%;合理的烧成温度为1250℃;烧成温度下的保温时间选取2h为宜。所制得的多孔催化剂载体经X-射线表征主要矿物相为莫来石和石英,载体线膨胀率为0.68-0.72%,载体具有较好的化学稳定性及耐热性能。     

ZrB2质与TiB2质耐火材料

介绍了ZrB     

Properties of char particles obtained under O2/N2 and O2/CO2 combustion environments

Pulverized coal combustion in O₂/N₂ and O₂/CO₂ environments was investigated with a drop tube furnace. Results present that the reaction rate and burn-out degree of O₂/CO₂ chars (obtained in O₂/CO₂ environments) are lower than that of O₂/N₂ chars (obtained in O₂/N₂ environments) under the same experimental condition. It indicates that a higher O₂ concentration in O₂/CO₂ environment is needed to achieve the similar combustion characteristic to that in O₂/N₂ environment. The main differences between O₂/N₂ and O₂/CO₂ chars rely on the pore structure determined by N₂ adsorption and chemical structure measured by FT-IR. For O₂/CO₂ char, the surface is thick and the pores are compact which contribute to the fragmentation reduction of particles burning in O₂/CO₂ environment. The organic functional group elimination rate from the surface of O₂/CO₂ chars is slower or delayed. The present research results might have important implications for further understanding the intrinsic kinetics of pulverized coal combustion in O₂/CO₂ environment.     

ZrO2/SiO2- and La2O3/Al2O3-supported platinum catalysts for CH4/CO2 reforming

Surface-phase ZrO₂ on SiO₂ (SZrOs) and surface-phase La₂O₃ on Al₂O₃ (SLaOs) were prepared with various loadings of ZrO₂ and La₂O₃, characterized and used as supports for preparing Pt/SZrOs and Pt/SLaOs catalysts. CH₄/CO₂ reforming over the Pt/SZrOs and Pt/SLaOs catalysts was examined and compared with Pt/Al₂O₃ and Pt/SiO₂ catalysts. CO₂ or CH₄ pulse reaction/adsorption analysis was employed to elucidate the effects of these surface-phase oxides.

The zirconia can be homogeneously dispersed on SiO₂ to form a stable surface-phase oxide. The lanthana cannot be spread well on Al₂O₃, but it forms a stable amorphous oxide with Al₂O₃. The Pt/SZrOs and Pt/SLaOs catalysts showed higher steady activity than did Pt/SiO₂ and Pt/Al₂O₃ by a factor of three to four. The Pt/SZrOs and Pt/SLaOs catalysts were also much more stable than the Pt/SiO₂ and Pt/Al₂O₃ catalysts for long stream time and for reforming temperatures above 700 °C. These findings were attributed to the activation of CO₂ adsorbed on the basic sites of SZrOs and SLaOs.     

Fe^3＋对TiO2的自然光催化降解性能影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2光催化材料,在太阳光的照射下进行了加有 Fe^3 的染料溶液的光催化降解。实验结果表明,加有Fe^3 后,TiO2的自然光催化活性显著高于未加Fe^3 的染料溶液,其与TiO2在紫外灯下的催化活性相当。并对其催化机理进行了讨论。     

Dy2Ce2O7和Y2Ce2O7稀土铈酸盐的制备及热导率

采用固相反应法在1600℃下保温10小时制备了Dy2Ce2O7和Y2Ce2O7陶瓷材料。分析了其相组成、微观组织和热导率。XRD结果表明,成功合成了具有萤石晶体结构的单一相Dy2Ce2O7和Y2Ce2O7。其组织结构致密,晶界清晰,无未反应物或杂质相存在。由于氧空位以及取代原子与基质原子之间的质量差异所导致的声子散射,使得Dy2Ce2O7和Y2Ce2O7具有比YSZ更低的热导率,这些结果表明,Dy2Ce2O7和Y2Ce2O7均可用作将来热障涂层用候选材料。     

La2O3掺杂SnO2陶瓷的烧结机理探讨

利用共沉淀法制备La2O3掺杂二氧化锡陶瓷。通过观察晶粒及晶界情况分析了烧结机理。结合相图指出在烧结初期以固体烧结为主,随着烧结的进行出现少量液相,进一步促进了烧结,在烧结后期从主晶相中分离出第二相。     

Modeling char conversion under suspension fired conditions in O2/N2 and O2/CO2 atmospheres

The aim of this investigation has been to model combustion under suspension fired conditions in O₂/N₂ and O₂/CO₂ mixtures. Experiments used for model validation have been carried out in an electrically heated Entrained Flow Reactor (EFR) at temperatures between 1173 K and 1673 K with inlet O₂ concentrations between 5 and 28 vol.%. The COal COmbustion MOdel, COCOMO, includes the three char morphologies: cenospheric char, network char and dense char each divided between six discrete particle sizes. Both combustion and gasification with CO₂ are accounted for and reaction rates include thermal char deactivation, which was found to be important for combustion at high reactor temperatures and high O₂ concentrations. COCOMO show in general good agreement with experimental char conversion profiles at conditions covering zone I-III. From the experimental profiles no effect of CO₂ gasification on char conversion has been found. COCOMO does however suggest that CO₂ gasification in oxy-fuel combustion at low O₂ concentrations can account for as much as 70% of the overall char consumption rate during combustion in zone III.