一种基于LBP特征与流形知识的人脸识别方法

人脸识别是计算机视觉领域的研究热点,应用背景广泛。近年来,流形被认为是视觉感知的基础,流形学习算法被用来发现图像的内在特征。如何利用流形学习后的低维内蕴变量成为相关研究的核心问题。但是利用传统的流形学习算法降维得到的人脸低维特征在可分性上存在一定的不足。此外,流形学习算法对光照和姿态变化敏感。针对这两个问题,提出了一种基于局部二值模式（LBP）和流形知识的人脸识别方法。该方法首先利用LBP算子对人脸图像进行局部特征描述,然后使用流形学习算法获得高维特征数据的低维内蕴变量,并用泰勒展开式近似该流形,获取流形知识,最后利用流形知识估计流形距离来实现人脸识别。实验证明,该方法增强了人脸识别对光照变化的鲁棒性,从而提高了识别性能。     

基于Gabor小波和流形的人脸识别研究

本文研究基于Gabor小波变换和流形学习的人脸识别方法,首先引入Gabor小波对人脸图像提取不同方向、不同尺度的多个Gabor幅值特征（Gabor magnitude feature）,然后使用能够提取子流形的NPE算法对GMF特征进行维数约简,最后使用线性判别分析进一步提取鉴别性特征。此算法利用了Gabor特征对人脸图像的优异表征能力、流形方法和传统的判别方法。在标准人脸库上的实验结果表明,与其他降维方法相比,新算法能够获得较好的识别效果。     

基于稀疏排列的LPP和ELM的人脸识别

在人脸图像识别中人脸图像数据中有很多是稀疏的,对于稀疏数据的降维是流形学习算法面临的一个问题。为了有效地从高维图像数据中提取人脸图像的敏感信息,提高人脸识别的速度,文章提出了一种基于流形学习的有监督稀疏排列的局部保持投影算法(SSLPP)的极端学习机(ELM)。     

基于自适应核边际费希尔分析的人脸识别算法

为解决人脸识别中的维数灾难问题,提出一种基于自适应核边际费希尔分析的人脸识别算法。在考虑图像流形结构的基础上给出与图像数据相关的自适应核函数,采用核边际费希尔分析对高维人脸图像进行非线性降维,利用最小二乘支持向量机在降维后的低维特征空间中进行分类识别。实验结果表明,该算法的识别性能优于其他常用的人脸识别算法。     

融合LBP和表观流形鉴别分析的人脸识别算法

流形学习方法可以有效地发现存在于高维图像空间的低维子流形,但是流形学习是一种非监督学习方法,其鉴别能力反而不如传统的维数约简方法,且对人脸图像的光照、姿态等局部变化敏感,针对这两个问题,本文提出一种基于人脸表观流形鉴别分析的识别方法,该方法利用局部二元模式(Local binary pattern,LBP)对人脸图像进行局部特征描述,提取对局部变化不敏感的特征,然后使用有监督的核局部线性嵌入算法(Supervised kernell ocal linear embedding,SKLLE)对由局部特征构造的全局特征进行维数约简,提取低维鉴别流形特征进行人脸识别,该方法不仅对局部变化不敏感,而且将人脸表观流形和类别信息进行有效的结合,同时对新样本有较好的泛化性,实验结果表明该算法能有效的提高人脸识别的性能.     

基于2DPCA和流形学习LPP算法的人脸特征提取应用

人脸图像的特征提取是人脸识别系统中最关键同时也是难题之一。流形学习算法是近些年的人脸识别和语音识别两个领域应用较多的非线性降维方法。通过对人脸识别系统的研究,现提出一种全新的基于2DPCA(Two-Dimentional PCA)和流形学习LPP(Locality Preserving Projections)算法的特征提取方法,可为今后深入研究人脸识别技术提供较好的参考。仿真实验表明,该算法与传统特征提取PCA、LDA算法相比,可以取得更好的识别率。     

基于2DPCA和流形学习LPP算法的人脸特征提取应用

人脸图像的特征提取是人脸识别系统中最关键同时也是难题之一。流形学习算法是近些年的人脸识别和语音识别两个领域应用较多的非线性降维方法。通过对人脸识别系统的研究,现提出一种全新的基于2DPCA（Two-Dimentional PCA）和流形学习LPP（Locality Preserving Projections）算法的特征提取方法,可为今后深入研究人脸识别技术提供较好的参考。仿真实验表明,该算法与传统特征提取PCA、LDA算法相比,可以取得更好的识别率。     

二维Gabor特征与三维NP-3DHOG特征融合的人脸识别算法

基于二维图像的人脸识别算法提取人脸纹理特征进行识别,但是光照、表情、人脸姿态等会对其产生不利影响。三维人脸特征能更精确地描述人脸的几何结构,并且不易受化妆和光照的影响,但只采用三维人脸数据进行人脸识别又缺少人脸纹理信息,因此文中将二维人脸特征与三维人脸特征相融合进行人脸识别。采用基于Gabor变换的二维特征与基于新的分块策略的三维梯度直方图特征相融合的算法进行人脸识别。首先,提取二维人脸的Gabor特征;然后,提取三维人脸基于新的分块策略的三维梯度直方图特征,旨在提取人脸的可辨别性特征;接下来,对二维人脸特征与三维人脸特征分别使用线性判别分析子空间算法进行训练,并使用加法原则融合两种特征的相似度矩阵;最后,输出识别结果。     

子模式局部保持映射人脸识别

研究表明基于整体思想的人脸识别方法由于忽略图像的局部信息,在识别性能方面不如局部信息特征保持较好的基于子模块思想的识别算法。基于应用流形技术对图像降维后能够较好保持非线性子流形中的局部数据流形结构,提出了一种改进的子模式局部保持映射人脸识别算法。其主要思想是将同类的不同图像一并划分子集,由同位置子图组成子模块,并对子模块运用LPP算法学习其流形结构,与将不同类图像一并划分子集学习流形的方法不同。实验表明,该算法能更好地保持人脸图像的局部流形结构和信息特征,提高了识别率。     

基于P-ISOMAP特征脸谱的人脸识别

针对等距映射(Isometric Projection)算法计算量大且易受噪声影响的缺点,根据主成分分析(PCA)兼具降维和除噪的特性,提出一种基于ISOMAP算法的P-ISOMAP特征脸谱(PCA-ISOMAP)人脸识别技术。该算法首先通过主成分分析把人脸图映射到一个人脸图像子空间,然后在人脸图像子空间中进行等距映射降维。P-ISOMAP特征脸谱算法在保持人脸图像的全局几何特性和低维人脸流形的同时,提高了算法效率,能够有效抑制人脸图像中噪声。通过在人脸库中的实验表明,改进后的算法在识别率以及运行效率方面都优于等距映射算法。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。