粉末冶金摩擦材料冲击和被动围压动态性能比较

比较了粉末冶金摩擦材料冲击和被动围压的动态性能，实验在分离式Hopkinson压杆(SHPB)上进行，应变率范围为10^2～10^3／s，通过试验得到了该材料在2种工况下的动态应力应变曲线。结果发现：1)没有围压时该材料有应变率弱化效应，但没发现绝热剪切现象；2)没有围压时材料的初始裂纹和孔隙在受到冲击时形成大范围的多源裂纹及孔洞分布群迅速扩展，材料的破坏模式为冲击脆性破坏；3)在被动围压下，同等应变率作用下只有微裂纹出现，在基体上出现了大量孪晶。     

高应变率下Cu-P/M摩擦材料正向和反向应变率效应

研究了冲击载荷下铜基粉末冶金(Cu P/M)摩擦材料不同的应变率效应。试验在分离式Hopkinson压杆 (SHPB)上完成。应变率范围为:102/s～103/s。通过试验得到了该材料的动态应力应变曲线,发现该材料在应变率 1000/s以下,表现为应变率强化效应;在应变率1000/s以上,表现为应变率弱化效应。也就是说,应变率1000/s是 该材料的临界应变率。为了与静态时的情况比较,在MTS试验机上又做了10-4/s～10-3/s应变率范围内的准静态 实验。比较动静态试验结果,发现动态时的屈服极限大于静态的;而屈服后的应变硬化率是静态大于动态的。通过 对样品进行微观组织分析,发现在压制烧结时有硬质颗粒破碎。在冲击载荷下材料内部的损伤演化形成大范围的 多源裂纹及孔洞分布群导致裂纹迅速扩展,同时伴随硬质颗粒破碎。     

铜基粉末冶金多孔材料在高应变率下的力学性能及本构关系

通过实验得出铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料在高应变率下的应力应变曲线，建立该材料的本构模型。在分离式Hopkinson压杆(SHPB)上进行了该材料在10^2/s-10^3/s应变率范围内的冲击试验，弹速范围为4m／s-15m／s，在透射杆上采用半导体应变计技术；在MTS实验机上做了该材料在10^-4s/10^-3/s应变率范围内的准静态实验，分别在应变为0．005、0．01、0．02、0．035时卸载再加载，以验证该材料的粘弹塑性特征。通过分析动态和静态实验曲线，发现该材料在应变率300/s和准静态时有应变硬化效应，但在500/s以上却反映出应变软化效应，得出该材料为含损伤非线性粘弹塑性材料，故提出用适应于脆性材料的粘弹塑性模型和粘塑性项的组合本构模型来拟合该材料应变弱化段的本构方程。所得结果可推广应用于类似烧结合金的材料。     

冲击载荷下铜基粉末冶金材料性能及本构关系研究

在hopkinson压杆上做了铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料的冲击压缩试验。结果表明:在1000/s应变率以下时,材料表现为应变率强化效应;在1000/s应变率以上时,材料表现为应变率弱化效应。得出结论:应变率1000/s为材料的临界应变率。根据实验得出的应力应变曲线,在朱王唐模型的基础上加入表征材料粘性特征的塑性项,对试验曲线进行数值模拟,取得了较好效果,填补铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料在冲击动态参数上的空白,为工程应用提供了理论依据。     

GH2132高温高应变率下力学性能分析与Johnson-Cook本构模型的建立

对铁基高温合金GH2132进行了准静态压缩试验和分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)试验,获得了该材料在不同温度和应变率下的应力应变曲线,分析了其力学行为.GH2132在准静态压缩过程中出现加工硬化且没有明显的屈服阶段.在SHPB试验中,GH2132有明显的温度软化效应,当应变率在4000～8000 s-1之间时表现出应变率...     

基于J-C模型的GH907高温合金动态本构关系及失效关系

使用万能材料试验机、霍普金森拉杆和霍普金森压杆装置研究了航空发动机机匣材料GH907高温合金在常温下的准静态力学性能及20～400℃下的动态力学性能;基于试验结果,拟合得到Johnson-Cook(J-C)本构模型和失效模型参数,并对试验合金动态压缩过程进行模拟以验证本构模型参数的有效性.结果表明:常温下在0～3000 s-1应变速率范围内拉伸时,试验合金具有明显的应变速率效应,但是压缩时对应变速率不敏感;在20～400℃温度范围内,试验合金的软化效应明显;建立的J-C模型能够较为准确地预测该合金在不同温度和应变速率下的力学行为,试样几何尺寸和最大应力的仿真结果与试验结果的相对误差在2％以内.     

硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的应变率效应研究

利用直径37 mm口径分离式霍普金森压杆(Split Hopkinson pressure bar,SHPB)对硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料(Rigid polyurethane foam,RPUF)开展了应变率范围为1000～2300s-1的动态压缩试验,试验结果表明RPUF材料具有明显的应变率效应。将RPUF材料视为不含应变率效应的理想弹塑性模型,并利用有限元软件ABAQUS开展RPUF材料SHPB试验的数值模拟,仿真结果表明RPUF材料的动态屈服强度随着应变率的增加而明显增大,横向惯性效应对试验结果的影响不可忽略。接着开展了RPUF材料的三轴围压(1 MPa、2 MPa、5 MPa和10 MPa)试验,试验结果表明,RPUF材料的屈服强度和静水压呈线性关系,因此研究RPUF材料应变率效应时需要考虑材料本身静水压效应对其的影响。为了获取RPUF材料的实际应变率效应,基于SHPB和三轴围压的试验数据提出一种含静水压效应和应变率效应的本构模型,并将其应用于RPUF材料的SHPB数值模拟中,该方法虽然消除了材料静水压效应对试验结果的影响,但仿真结果仍比试验值偏大,这是因为横向惯性效应对试验的影响并...     

2.25Cr—1Mo复杂应力状态下低周疲劳裂纹扩展规律研究

通过对2.25Cr-1Mo材料进行不同温度下的低周疲劳试验,并应用NHRDS有限元程序进行裂纹尖端各应力应变分量,各当量弹、塑性应变范围的计算,利用当量J积分范围,研究了该材料在复杂应力状态下的低周疲劳裂纹扩展规律,结果表明,在复杂应力状态下2.25Cr-1Mo材料的低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率可采用当量J积分范围进行表征。     

Ti-6Al-4V动态力学性能与本构关系研究

采用分离式霍普金森压杆装置(SHPB)对钛合金(Ti-6Al-4V)进行动态压缩试验，获得不同温度和应变率的真实应力—应变曲线，分析了钛合金在应变率2000/s～10000/s、温度20℃～800℃范围内的动态力学性能，通过试验数据拟合得到Johnson-Cook(J-C)本构方程。试验研究结果表明，常温(20℃)条件下Ti-6Al-4V具有明显的应变和应变率强化效应，同时应变和应变率强化效应逐渐减弱，800℃时几乎没有应变和应变率强化效应；随着温度的提高，不同应变率的应力均近似线性下降，表现出明显的热软化效应；在应变硬化和热软化耦合作用下，试样剪切区产生绝热剪切破坏；所得的J-C本构模型较好地拟合了真实应力应变值及变化趋势。     

细晶T2纯铜动态力学性能及本构模型

晶粒大小是影响多晶金属材料力学性能的重要因素之一,研究细晶T2纯铜在高温、高应变率下的动态力学性能并建立其本构模型对切削加工有着重要意义。通过电子力能测试仪进行T2纯铜试样准静态压缩试验,并利用霍普金森压杆装置完成了不同应变率和不同温度的动态压缩试验。试验结果表明,纯铜材料具有明显的应变强化效应和温度软化效应,其动态压缩下的强度高于准静态压缩,但在高应变率区域内,并无明显的应变率强化效应。基于Johnson-Cook本构模型得到了细晶T2纯铜本构方程参数,拟合曲线与试验结果吻合较好。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.