菲涅耳太阳能聚光系统几何矢量分析

提出了线性菲涅耳聚光反射装置中入射角、反射位置、跟踪倾角的矢量计算方法.该聚光装置中每个反射镜面(简称镜元)需实时跟踪太阳,将太阳入射光反射至固定位置的线性吸热器上,每一镜元的入射角、反射位置、跟踪倾角均时刻变化,系统设计时的计算非常复杂.利用目前太阳位置算法中得到的太阳高度角、方位角,通过矢量法,简化计算过程,推导出线性菲涅耳反射装置任一镜元的入射角、反射位置、跟踪倾角公式,便于菲涅耳太阳能聚光装置的分析应用,计算了2009年各月平均日的各量在具体算例情况下的变化.     

线性菲涅耳聚光系统无遮挡镜场布置的矢量分析法

利用矢量分析,得到线性菲涅耳反射装置任一镜元的入射角、反射矢量、跟踪倾角计算公式。通过坐标变换,得到适合于阴影与遮挡计算的坐标系并计算出障碍镜元在被遮挡镜元所在平面上的阴影坐标,通过对阴影坐标的分析,给出镜元之间无阴影与遮挡的最小间距并经实验验证,分析了具体算例情况下的镜元间距。     

太阳能聚光热发电系统跟踪角的矢量分析

针对太阳能聚光热发电系统中跟踪装置的跟踪角计算方法及相应的涉及几何光学的计算公式(如反射光方向、入射角等)均不相同的问题,通过矢量法简化了理论推导过程,给出塔式、槽式、碟式、线性菲涅耳型四种主要的太阳能聚光反射装置的跟踪角、入射角及反射光的矢量计算公式,可为实际工程应用及分析提供必要的理论基础。     

线性菲涅耳太阳能聚光系统

线性菲涅耳聚光反射装置是对连续抛物面聚光镜的一种离散化近似,因由法国工程师Fresnel发明而得名。线性菲涅耳太阳能热发电技术在太阳能热发电系统中非常有用,尤其是在需要安装大面积的镜场时,对成熟的槽式太阳能聚光热发电系统形成强有力的竞争。简要介绍了线性菲涅耳聚光反射装置的技术特点及发展现状。     

基于DSP的线性菲涅尔太阳能集热系统设计与实现

针对线性菲涅尔太阳能集热系统普遍存在遮挡和阴影等特点,提出了一种设计方法,并设计了一套线性菲涅尔太阳能集热系统。在该系统中,镜场微弧面反射镜按照一定初始角度安装,并通过设计的DSP单轴跟踪控制器,控制反射镜跟踪太阳,将太阳光线反射到镜场上方固定安装的三角形腔体吸收器上,实现太阳能集热。通过精度检测实验和光学镜场模型仿真,验证了该系统应用于线性菲涅尔太阳能的正确性和可行性。     

获得最大日照度的协调控制方法的研究——多镜面聚光型太阳能光伏系统

针对目前太阳能聚光方式,提出了采用平面镜反射聚光的多镜面阵全跟踪聚光方案.首先描述了多镜面聚光型太阳能光伏系统的基本结构及其跟踪控制原理和方法.通过对多镜面阵聚光系统对太阳全方位跟踪控制分析,推出了太阳电池组件和平面镜阵在跟踪过程中方位角、倾角及空间位置变化的运动方程.通过建立了平面镜阵与太阳电池组件之间的运动关系,实现太阳电池组件跟踪控制以及平面镜阵之间的跟踪协调控制,并对此系统进行了定量分析和数值计算.     

菲涅耳反射式太阳能聚光系统的三运动复合跟踪

提出了线性菲涅耳式太阳能反射聚光系统新的跟踪方式:置于接收器上方的二次聚光器配合镜场平移的同时进行旋转,与平面镜的转动组成三运动复合形式。通过镜场的整体平移减小余弦损失,提高系统整体的聚光集热效率。从理论分析和计算机模拟两个方面对这种三运动复合形式进行的研究发现,三运动系统的总余弦损失在一天中基本不变。对一个24 m2镜场的测试分析表明,在夏季晴天条件下,三运动复合系统的有效能量增加率约为5.8%,每天的能量增益达到38 MJ左右。     

SOLTRACE入门与应用

详细描述了SolTrace的各项功能及使用方法,最后以线性菲涅耳聚光反射系统为例给出具体的应用.     

电磁联动追日跟踪技术在线性菲涅尔聚光上的应用

通过对电磁联动追日跟踪装置的结构和优点的阐述,结合该技术在世界首座屋顶式2.5MW太阳能菲涅尔热发电站上应用,论证了电磁联动追日跟踪技术具有明显的优势和广阔的应用前景,提高了线性菲涅尔聚光集热器在太阳能热发电、中温工业应用等领域的市场竞争力.     

蝶式聚光光伏发电刍动跟踪太阳装置的设计

在分析太阳运行规律的基础上,描述了蝶式聚光器的机械结构、传动机构及自动跟踪控制的原理、方法,提出了一种在聚光条件下太阳跟踪的新方案。该蝶式反射聚光光伏自动跟踪太阳装置制造和运行成本低,跟踪精度较高,应用前景广阔。     

Optical performance of inclined south-north single-axis tracked solar panels

To investigate optical performance of the inclined south-north single-axis (ISN-axis, in short) tracked solar panels, a mathematical procedure to estimate the annual collectible radiation on fixed and tracked panels was suggested based on solar geometry and monthly horizontal radiation. For solar panels tracking about ISN-axis, the yearly optimal tilt-angle of ISN-axis for maximizing annual solar gain was about 3° deviating from the site latitude in most of China except in areas with poor solar resources, and the maximum annual collectible radiation on ISN-axis tracked panels was about 97–98% of that on dual-axis tracked panels; whereas for ISN-axis tracked panels with the tilt-angle of ISN-axis being adjusted four times in a year at three fixed tilt-angles, the annual collectible radiation was almost close to that on dual-axis tracked panels, the optimum date of tilt-angle adjustment of ISN-axis was 23 days from the equinoxes, and the optimum tilt-angle adjustment value for each adjustment was about 22°. Compared to fixed south-facing solar panels inclined at an optimal tilt-angle, the increase in the annual solar gain due to using ISN-axis sun tracking was above 30% in the areas with abundant solar resources and less than 20% in the areas with poor solar resources.     

大型光伏发电聚光器跟踪机构的研制

介绍了一种摩擦轮驱动和丝杆驱动组合的二维跟踪机构,在此基础上对跟踪可能产生的误差进行分析,并通过实践验证,得出此种驱动方案适用于各种大型光伏发电聚光器实时跟踪太阳的方位角和高度角.     

Application of one-axis sun tracking system

This paper introduces design and application of a novel one-axis sun tracking system which follows the position of the sun and allows investigating effects of one-axis tracking system on the solar energy in Turkey. The tracking system includes a serial communication interface based on RS 485 to monitor whole processes on a computer screen and to plot data as graphic. In addition, system parameters such as the current, the voltage and the panel position have been observed by means of a microcontroller. The energy collected is measured and compared with a fixed solar system for the same solar panel. The results show that the solar energy collected on the tracking system is considerably much efficient than the fixed system. The tracking system developed in this study provides easy installation, simple mechanism and less maintenance.     

CPV系统中太阳能转换效率分析方法的探讨

太阳能转换效率是评价太阳能系统优劣的重要指标。在聚光光伏系统中,太阳能转换效率受太阳跟踪误差的影响较大。文章分析了太阳跟踪误差与太阳能转换效率之间的关系,提出了基于跟踪误差的太阳能转换效率误差分析法,填补了光伏产业中缺少太阳能转换效率评定标准的空白。文章以北京地区某日全天太阳光照辐射量数据为例,采用了两种经典的太阳位置算法,对文章所提出的误差分析法进行了验证说明。理论分析和验证表明,误差分析法可以作为评价太阳能系统能量转换效率的评定依据。     

一种高精度的太阳跟踪方法

为提高太阳能利用率,提出了同时使用视日跟踪和光电跟踪的太阳跟踪新方法。为提高视日跟踪精度,对常见的太阳位置算法仿真比较,得到实用的太阳位置高精度混合算法;同时,设计了特制的四象限硅光电池,对视日跟踪进行误差修正,从而实现了太阳精确跟踪。理论分析和设计表明,该方法能够实现高精度、全天候地自动跟踪太阳,易于推广应用。     

Measured and modelled improvement in solar energy yield from flat plate photovoltaic systems utilizing different tracking systems and under a range of environmental conditions

This work is performed to investigate the effect of using different sun tracking mechanisms on the flat plate photovoltaic system performances and the main parameters affecting the amount of their electrical energy output as well as those affecting their gains compared to the traditional fixed photovoltaic systems. To this end, five configurations of sun tracking systems and two traditional fixed panels have been considered. The sun tracking systems effect on the PV system performances is improved by using the hourly data collected over 18 days for different seasonal sky conditions. The daily cumulative electrical energy produced by the different systems have been quantified separately for each sky state and the corresponding electrical gains have then been compared to those experienced with two traditional fixed photovoltaic systems. It is found that for a completely clear day, the highest obtained gains are those related to the two-axis sun tracker systems, which decrease gradually from the inclined to the vertical rotating axis when the same optimum slope is applied and from the seasonal to the yearly optimum slope if the same rotating axis is considered. On the other hand, for the partially clear days, the gain amounts are mainly dependant on the clearness index and on the seasonal variation of day length values. For a completely cloudy day, the results show that all considered systems produced closely the same electrical energy and the horizontal position of the photovoltaic panel presented the best performance.     

太阳光不平行度对太阳能聚集性能影响的数值研究

对大型对日定向的碟式太阳能反射聚集器,通过数值模拟研究了太阳光不平行度与定向跟踪精度对聚光性能的影响。通过建立锥形光束的概率模型,采用蒙特卡洛法直接模拟了太阳光经碟式反射聚集器后在焦平面上产生的能流分布。比较了不同定向跟踪精度下,不同口径比的反射聚集器对太阳光与平行光的聚集性能差别。     

Feasibility of solar tracking systems for PV panels in hot and cold regions

Solar tracking systems would probably increase the efficiency of a PV module, but when and where. There are many factors that affect the performance of PV panels, especially crystalline silicon panels, e.g. overheating due to excessive exposure to solar irradiance in a hot climate as in Sunbelt countries. So, it could be the case that a tracking system is not necessary for a Sunbelt country. The objective of this research is to determine mathematically the performance of a PV panel as a function of tracking the sun and the operating conditions. The used mathematical model is validated experimentally and then applied for several environments, i.e. hot as well as cold regions. It has been found that the gain in electrical energy from tracking the sun is about 39% in case of a cold city as Berlin, Germany. While the gain in energy does not exceed 8% in case of a hot city as Aswan, Egypt, due to overheating of the PV panels. However, if the energy needed for running the tracking system, which ranges from 5% to 10% of the energy generated, is included in this analysis then tracking the sun will not be feasible in hot countries.     

Design of a new three-degree of freedom spherical motor for photovoltaic-tracking systems

Photovoltaic (PV) panels directly convert the solar energy to electrical energy. The amount of electrical energy converted by PV panels mainly depends on incident solar radiation. Sun tracking systems can be used to maximize energy production since they ensure keeping the photovoltaic panels perpendicular to the incoming solar radiation. Spherical motors, which have the linear and circular movement ability in three independent dimensions, can be used for precisely tracking the sun as a solution. In this study, a spherical motor controlled by a micro-controller is designed for a PV-tracking system with the ability to move on two axes. Performance of PV-tracking system over a fixed tilted one is evaluated for the climate condition of Denizli, Turkey. The designed sun tracking system is observed to be improving this performance apparently using the output voltages obtained for one day.