活性炭纤维治理大气污染的性能及机理研究

概括了活性炭纤维的制备方法,主要以聚丙烯腈活性炭纤维和沥青基活性炭纤维为例说明了活性炭纤维的制备工艺,指出活性炭纤维的比表面积大、微孔结构发达、孔径小且分布窄等优良的吸附性能在大气污染治理方面具有广阔的应用前景.并概括了活性炭纤维吸附SO2和NOx的机理,活性炭纤维经过催化处理或活化处理后可以提高其对各类大气污染物的选择吸收能力,特别是烟气中的SOx、NOx和其它污染物;利用一定比例的水或者水蒸气等可以将污染物脱附再生,重复使用可达上千次.     

关于印刷行业中有机废气治理技术分析

本文结合我国印刷行业有机物废气污染现状,对我国印刷行业中有机废气治理技术进行分析,并着重介绍活性炭纤维吸附废气处理技术和高效干燥固化工艺以及对有机溶解剂挥发浓度的控制。详细探讨热力氧化法、探讨吸附法、等离子体氧化分解法和膜分离法等有机废气末端治理实用技术,为印刷行业中有机废气的治理提供参考。     

活性炭纤维织物床层对乙酸乙酯的动态吸附

以活性炭纤维网和活性炭纤维布分别装填滤芯,进行乙酸乙酯的动态吸附实验。测试了不同气流比速条件下的床层压降和乙酸乙酯蒸气的穿透曲线,利用修正的Wheeler方程计算了床层动态吸附参数。结果表明,床层压降随着气流比速的增加呈指数增加;相同比速、厚度条件下,活性炭纤维网床层压降仅为活性炭纤维布的1/30;应用模拟计算表明,活性炭纤维网比活性炭纤维布更适用于大风量有机废气治理。     

吸附浓缩—催化燃烧法处理VOCs废气实例

介绍用一种适合于大流量低浓度VOCs废气装置处理浸漆废气和烘箱废气实例,废气经FTX型有机废气净化装置处理后达标排放。该装置采用活性炭纤维吸附-催化燃烧法工艺,结合多吸附单元循环吸附、脱附再生过程,实现连续、高效、节能的处理效果。     

活性炭纤维对低浓度污染物吸附性能的实验研究

为了解活性炭纤维对室内低浓度污染物的吸附性能及其影响因素,以甲醛为模拟污染物,通过改变污染物的初始浓度以及外界参数(温度、相对湿度、表面风速)对活性炭吸附性能进行了试验研究.实验结果显示:温度和气流速度对活性炭纤维的吸附性能有较大的影响,相对来说温度的影响要大一些;而相对湿度对其的影响则不太明显.并运用吸附动力学方程式和吸附平衡方程式对影响因素进行了分析并与试验结果进行了比较,结果表明实验结果与理论分析相吻合.     

PCB厂挥发性有机废气改造工程案例

为了解决某线路板厂VOC s收集率低、去除率低、现有活性炭吸附工艺治理效果不稳定的问题,通过分析原料和废气性质,采用密闭收集+旋流板塔洗涤+干式过滤+活性炭吸附+催化燃烧（CO）工艺改造VOC s治理。改造后VOC s收集率从62.26%提升至85.72%,挥发性有机废气去除率从30%提升至82.5%以上,改造后VOC s治理绩效从C级提升至B级,年减排VOCs 82.00t以上,新工艺适用于线路板厂VOC s治理及升级改造。     

新型SiO_2基微/介孔材料的合成及其对集成电路生产中VOCs废气的吸附研究

采用新型SiO2基微/介孔材料为吸附剂,针对集成电路(Integrated Ciruit,IC)产业中废气排放的特点,以丙酮、苯、甲苯为挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的典型,进行了一系列吸附实验.用气相色谱定时测取VOCs获得动态穿透曲线,就各VOCs分别在SiO2基微/介孔材料、疏水沸石、活性炭3种吸附荆上的吸附以及SiO2基微/介孔材料对3种不同VOCs的吸附进行了研究,同时考察了水蒸汽脱附对该材料吸附性能的影响.实验结果显示,该吸附剂在对VOCs的吸附中较疏水沸石FX-I和活性炭有着明显的优势,主要表现在透过时间的延迟和传质区长度的缩短.     

活性炭纤维对铂(Ⅳ)的还原吸附及其影响因素的研究

载铂活性炭纤维在燃料电池催化材料的制备等方面具有重要的应用前景.本文比较了水蒸汽活化和磷酸或氯化锌活化活性炭纤维对水溶液中铂离子的还原吸附性能,并研究了影响活性炭纤维对铂的还原吸附的几种因素.结果表明,不同工艺制备的活性炭纤维,由于其电极电位的差异,其对铂离子的吸附容量也不同;水蒸汽活化和氯化锌活化活性炭纤维由于具有低的电极电位,因而表现出对铂离子更大的还原倾向,在吸附的初期,表现出更快的吸附速度.纤维状的活性炭纤维比颗粒状的活性炭具有更快的吸附速度.溶液的酸度也显著影响活性炭纤维对铂离子的还原吸附能力;低的pH下,活性炭纤维对铂一般具有更强的还原吸附容量.     

活性炭对VOCs的吸附研究进展

挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)是大气主要污染物之一,包括烃类化合物和芳香族化合物,如乙二醇和苯等.VOCs不仅导致温室效应,破坏臭氧层,而且当其浓度偏高时,会引起人体不适,严重时危及生命,因此如何有效地处理VOCs成为学术界和工业界的研究热点.目前,处理VOCs的技术众多,包括催化氧化等破坏性回收技术和吸附等可恢复性技术.相比于在回收过程中不可避免会产生有毒副产物的破坏性回收技术,吸附技术具有VOCs回收效率高、操作简单、能量消耗低等优点,因而被广泛应用.吸附技术的核心是吸附剂.活性炭因具有较高的比表面积、良好的孔道结构以及易于表面官能团改性等优点,被认为是一种具有潜力的VOCs吸附材料.但目前未经改性的活性炭通常比表面积小、表面官能团含量少、对VOCs的吸附能力和选择性较差且疏水能力差,极大地影响了其在潮湿环境中的应用.鉴于此,本文在介绍活性炭对VOCs吸附和脱附原理的基础上,从活性炭的物理结构和表面化学性质两个角度出发,重点介绍不同改性方法(物理改性、化学改性等)改性后的活性炭对VOCs吸附能力和选择性的影响,并对吸附饱和后活性炭的再生方法进行总结.本文旨在系统总结活性炭对VOCs的吸附、解吸和再生机理,以及活性炭改性技术的最新进展,为制备比表面积大、表面官能团丰富的工业化活性炭提供参考.     

活性炭纤维对SO_2气体吸附性能的研究进展

主要介绍了活性炭纤维对SO2气体的吸附性能特点,同时还分别介绍了单纯活性炭纤维、物理改性和化学改性活性炭纤维在吸附SO2方面的研究成果,并对活性炭纤维吸附SO2研究和发展趋势进行了展望。     

Breakthrough of methyethylketone and benzene vapors in activated carbon fiber beds

The breakthrough of low concentration methyethylketone (MEK) and benzene vapors in beds packed with rayon-based activated carbon fiber (ACF) with different surface areas was investigated. The breakthrough characteristics depend on the properties of the ACF and the vapors, as well as on the adsorption conditions. The results of dynamic adsorption in an ACF bed were consistent with those of equilibrium adsorption by gravimetric methods. The breakthrough adsorption indicates that ACF, with an appropriate surface area, could be utilized in controlling volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor air.     

活性炭负载TiO2光催化材料的研究

活性炭(AC)及活性炭纤维(ACF)作为光催化剂载体具有较高的比表面积和较强的吸附性能,可以有效提高负载型光催化剂TiO2/AC和TiO2/ACF对有机污染物的光催化降解效率.首先介绍了TiO2光催化剂的结构特性以及各种掺杂改性方法,对负载型TiO2/AC及TiO2/ACF光催化剂的各种制备方法进行了详细评述.在此基础上,讨论了影响有机污染物光催化降解性能的重要因素,指出了负载型TiO2光催化材料研究中有待解决的问题和发展方向.     

Applications of autocorrelation function method for spatial characteristics analysis of dielectric barrier discharge

In this paper, spatial characteristics of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) are analyzed using autocorrelation function (ACF) method. The filamentary, homogeneous and periodic discharge produced in a plate and mesh electrode, respectively, are quantitatively identified by analysis of the spatial structure of the discharge images in DBD with the ACF method. The influences of the size of the mesh electrode on spatial characteristics of discharge in DBD are also investigated by using the ACF, current waveform and Lissajous figures measurements. Moreover, the spatial structure and evolution of patterns in DBD are studied using this method. The results show that an exponential decay and random oscillation are exhibited in the radial and angular distribution of the ACF in a filamentary discharge, respectively. Both the radial and angular distribution of the ACF display a periodic oscillation in a periodic discharge. while the radial and angular distribution of the ACF are both approximately to 1 in a homogeneous discharge. With the decrease of mesh size, it can be seen from the corresponding radial distribution of the ACF that the discharge transits from a periodic discharge with its discharge period gradually decreasing to a filamentary discharge in air at atmospheric pressure when the voltage is kept fixed. It means that there is a optimal mesh size for the formation of the homogeneous spatial structure. Furthermore, the radial distribution of the ACF transits from a exponential decay, an periodic oscillation and into approximately to 1 with the increase of the applied voltage in air/argon mixture. It indicates that the discharge transit from the filamentary mode, the periodic patterned mode into the homogeneous mode. Moreover, two different periodic patterned discharge, the hexagon pattern and the square pattern are recognized quantitatively from the angular distribution of the ACF, which are coincident with the known experimental results. These results demonstrate that the ACF is a simple and effective method to analyze the spatial characteristics of DBD.     

银在活性炭纤维上的吸附及分布

采用水蒸气、氯化锌或磷酸活化等方法，通过控制不同的活化时间，制备了若干系列的沥青基活性炭纤维，研究了这些活性炭纤维对银离子的还原特性及金属银颗粒在活性炭纤维表面的分布形态。结果显示，纤维表面的金属银颗粒即有微米级粒子，也有纳米级粒子。随制备方法及溶液中银离子的初始浓度不同，还原吸附在纤维表面上的银离子的粒径不同。活性炭纤维的微孔丰富，石墨化程度低，还原吸附的银颗粒相对较细；石墨化程度高，表面化学反应性强，则还原吸附的银颗粒相对较粗。因此，通过调整纤维的制备方法及溶液的银离子浓度，可控制还原吸附到纤维表面上的银粒子基本为纳米级粒子。     

Removal of trace Cd(II) from water with the manganese oxides/ACF composite electrode

The Manganese oxide/active carbon fiber (MO/ACF) was prepared and its electrosorptive properties of Cd(II) in aqueous solution were investigated. The structure of MO/ACF was characterized with transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, the Cd(II) electrosorptive properties of MO/ACF electrodes with different bias potentials, ionic strengths, and loaded amount of manganese oxides were measured and the electrosorption isotherm and kinetics were investigated. The Cd(II) electrosorptive capacity of MO/ACF was 6 times higher than that of pure ACF. The optimal adsorptive bias voltage was 1.5 V and the optimal electrolyte concentration of NaCl was 0.1 mol/L. The adsorption isotherm was agreed well with the Freundlich adsorption model and its maximum electrosorption capacity was 14.88 mg/g by Langmuir model. The higher adsorptive capacity of MO/ACF than that of pure ACF is attributed to higher capacitance and more adsorptive sites of MO/ACF.     

Surface modification of activated carbon fabric with ozone,part 1: Kinetics and oxidation degree

Two samples of activated carbon fabrics (ACF) with very high surface area (>1300 to >1800 m²/g) were reacted with ozone inside a closed flask under static conditions. The kinetics of ozone decomposition and reaction with the ACF surface was measured in the gas phase using Fourier transform infrared analysis (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The ozone consumption under these conditions was following the pseudofirst-order kinetics law and was accompanied by the production of CO₂ and CO. The ozone-oxidized ACF were studied by FT-IR spectroscopy following the growth of key oxidized functional groups, i.e. phenolic OH, ketone groups intended as carboxyl, lactone, and anhydride, as well as quinone groups as a function of the amount of ozone reacted. The weight uptake of the ACF reacted with ozone was followed gravimetrically. The ACF having >1800 m²/g was able to reach a weight increase of 25% of its original weight due to the formation of oxygenated surface functional groups. Raman spectroscopy was used for the evaluation of defective structures formed in ACF because of ozonization reaction.     

炭纤维生物膜的形成机制——I、炭纤维表面特性对微生物固着化的影响

采用对比方法，借助化学分析、表面形态分析及生物相容性表征技术等系统地研究了以活性炭纤维、表面改性活性炭纤维作为细胞固着化载体的表面特性及对微物固着的影响。重点考察了纤维表面官能团、比表面积、润湿性等表面特性对微生物固着化的影响。研究结果表明：（1）炭纤维表面的吸附特性对微生物的初期固着起着重要的作用，具有高比表面积的活性炭纤维更易于微生物固着并挂膜。（2）炭纤维表面润湿性与某些酸性官能团的适量增加，有益于载体表面微生物的固着。（3）炭纤维尤其是活性炭纤维较市售有机高分子材料具有更加优异的生物相容性，前者的微生物固着化速率是后者的4倍－16倍。     

Self-assembled 3D ACF–rGO–TiO2 composite as efficient and recyclable spongy adsorbent for organic dye removal

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets (NSs) decorated with TiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) were bound to activated carbon fibers (ACF) forming three-dimensional (3D) macroscopic composites with nanoscale building blocks by a one-pot hydrothermal self-assembly method. The integration of adsorption capacity enhanced by rGO NSs and photocatalytic activity introduced by TiO₂ NPs in the resultant ACF–rGO–TiO₂ composite was demonstrated via the proof-of-concept application of disposing organic dyes, i.e. Rhodamine B (RhB). Moreover, the photocatalytic degradation of laden RhB dye can effectively make ACF–rGO–TiO₂ composites regenerate the adsorption capacity, promoting two practical values: (1) eliminating rather than removing dye pollutants and (2) recycling rather than consuming adsorbents. The synergistic functionalization highlights the potential of 3D ACF–rGO–TiO₂ composite as a promising massive adsorbent with photocatalytic activities for environment purifications.     

Design of a neutral electro-Fenton system with Fe@Fe(2)O(3)/ACF composite cathode for wastewater treatment

The narrow pH range limits the wide application of Fenton reaction in the wastewater treatment. It is of great importance to widen working pH range of Fenton reaction from strong acidic condition to neutral, even basic ones. In this study, for the first time nanostructured Fe@Fe(2)O(3) was loaded on active carbon fiber (ACF) as an oxygen diffusion cathode to be used in a heterogeneous electro-Fenton (E-Fenton) oxidation system. This novel Fe@Fe(2)O(3)/ACF composite cathode was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and element mapping. On the degradation of dye pollutant rhodamine B in water, this heterogeneous E-Fenton system with the Fe@Fe(2)O(3)/ACF cathode showed much higher activity than other E-Fenton systems with commercial zero valent iron powders (Fe(0)) and ferrous ions (Fe(2+)) under neutral pH. On the basis of experimental results, we proposed a possible pathway of rhodamine B degradation in this heterogeneous Fe@Fe(2)O(3)/ACF E-Fenton process. This heterogeneous E-Fenton system is very promising to remove organic pollutants in water at neutral pH.     

基于温度梯度的印刷机邻域VOCs的监测方法

目的在研究温度梯度对印刷机邻域VOCs特征参数影响的基础上,提出监测印刷机邻域VOCs的方案,达到有效控制印刷机邻域VOCs的目的。方法通过建立气流扩散过程的分子动力学模型,分析气体在边界条件下的扩散速度、质量浓度等参数变化特征。采用Fluent软件,模拟温度场、气流场等边界条件,对胶印机邻域VOCs气体扩散特征进行仿真分析。结合胶印印刷过程中VOCs的扩散机理及现场操作环境,检测并分析VOCs的扩散特征。结果温度梯度对VOCs排放速度、质量浓度等特征参数的变化有较大影响,理论分析与实验结果相吻合。结论在理论研究的基础上,提出了印刷过程中VOCs的监测及排放控制方法,为包装印刷行业VOCs的治理提供依据。