浅析中国经济发展与能源消费

在现阶段我国工业化的进程中，能源利用率低、消费结构不合理、供需矛盾加剧等问题目益突出，在很大程度上制约了经济持续快速的增长。为了缓解经济发展与能源消费之间的矛盾，我国必须优化产业结构和能源结构，大力发展能源先进技术，走可持续发展的工业化道路。     

我国经济发展与能源消费关系实证研究

根据自然资源消费生命周期理论、产业结构多元化指数和能源消费结构多元化指数,本文研究了中国能源消费与经济发展变化趋势,分析了中国能源消费和经济发展之间的相互关系。主要结论包括:(1)1953～1990年期间,能源消费和经济增长变化呈现正相关关系,能源是驱动经济发展的主要因素;1990年后,经济的发展不仅是能源驱动,而且是能源和其他驱动因素共同作用的结果;(2)我国能源、煤炭、石油消费强度变化趋势都呈现倒“U”字型规律;1958～1975年期间,能源消费的强度变化和GDP的产出呈现不对称性;(3)一次能源消费增长对我国产业结构的变化影响非常显著;(4)不同发展阶段,能源消费结构的变化对能源消费强度变化影响不同。     

我国能源消费的非均衡分析

均衡合理的能源消费是经济持续、健康、稳定发展的重要保证,也是我国能源安全的重要保障。但我国能源消费在总量增长的同时,却出现了一些非均衡特征。其非均衡性主要体现在供需结构、产业结构、消费结构和地区消费等方面。在分析这些特征产生的原因的基础上,本文提出了能源消费均衡发展必须遵循三个原则：效率与公平原则、市场经济原则、人与自然和谐共处原则。     

石油能源消费与经济发展关系研究综述与展望

以石油为例,对能源消费和经济发展之间的关系进行研究和分析,并对其未来的发展进行简要的阐述.     

调整能源结构 促进经济发展

通过对我省能源消费状况分析，详细阐述了1990年以来煤炭、油品、电力在我省能源消费中所占的比重和各产业部门、工业行业耗能情况，找出了我省能源消费的特点和不足，提出了相应的对策。     

中国经济发展与能源消费的现状分析及对策初探

能源是经济发展不可或缺的重要资源,能源依赖、能源高耗对我国经济运行的质量与速度造成一定的负面影响,亟待解决。文章对中国经济增长与能源消耗的现状进行了分析,从能源角度研究制约中国经济增长的瓶颈,针对中国经济增长与能源消耗的关系,从能源结构、能源市场、能源储备等方面探索具有针对性的对策建议,促进能源发展与经济社会的进步。     

新型工业化道路对能源消费的影响

新型工业化道路不仅是相对我国传统的工业化道路而言,而且与西方发达国家工业化的实现方式也有较大的区别。理论分析表明,这些区别的存在必然会对能源消费产生重要影响。以信息化带动工业化是新型工业化道路的主要特点,其不仅会加快工业化的进程,影响工业化过程产业结构的演变,而且会大大降低能源消费强度。发挥人力资源的优势,降低资源消费的工业发展方式将直接加快以节约资源为主的技术进步的步伐,节能方面的技术投入会有较大的增长。新型工业化道路将避免重复工业发达国家先污染后治理的老路,我国以煤为主的能源消费结构在工业化推进过程中会逐步得到改变。     

Energy consumption,CO2 emissions,and development in the UAE

This study investigated the impact of energy consumption and CO₂ emissions on the United Arab Emirates (UAE)’s economic and financial development. The vector autoregressive (VAR) model was applied. The results obtained in the study show that energy consumption and CO₂ emissions had a long-run relationship with the economic and financial development indicators in the UAE. It was also found that there was a significant causal relationship between energy consumption and CO₂ emissions on both economic and financial development indicator variables. The UAE is well known for its high economic and financial development owing to the fact that this country has achieved a fast economic growth in the last three decades. However, it is important that this country needs to increase its consumption of green energy to reduce CO₂ emissions.     

北京市经济结构与能源消费关系研究

本文采用矩阵分析法以北京市为例研究了经济结构和能源消费结构的关系,采用因素分解法研究了经济结构与能源消费强度的关系。研究认为北京市产业结构调整与各产业能源利用效率的提高都促使其能源强度下降,但主要的动力还是来自产业结构的调整;并且认为天然气是北京市1998年以来需求增长最快的能源。     

试用结构比重分析法剖析国内外能耗结构

本文采用能源消耗与工业增加值的比值对我国工业领域各大行业进行了分类分析,分出低能耗部门、中能耗部门和高能耗部门,其中机械、通讯电子可归为低能耗部门,轻工、纺织可归为中能耗部门,钢铁、石化、建材、有色等可为高能耗部门。采用类似方法,以能源消耗与GDP的比值对国际上各国的能源消耗情况进行分析归类,分出低能耗国家、中能耗国家和高能耗国家。此种分析属于价值工程分析的方法,得出是相对概念,GDP比重大于能耗比重就在低能耗的范畴。通过此法分析,可进一步明确我国经济发展的方向仍应是:坚持深化改革开放,继续调整经济结构。     

建筑能耗比例与建筑节能目标

本文从建筑能耗在全国总能耗中的比例、建筑节能的目标值等两个方面,阐述了对我国建筑节能发展战略的观点。作者指出,建筑能耗在总能耗中的比例是经济发展的晴雨表;应该用我国未来能耗限额作为建筑节能的目标值。     

Clean energy consumption and economic growth nexus: asymmetric time and frequency domain causality testing in China

ABSTRACT

This article examines the symmetric and asymmetric causal relationships between clean energy consumption and economic growth in time and frequency domains for China. The results of both symmetric and asymmetric causality analysis suggest that clean energy consumption does not cause economic growth. This implies that the level of clean energy consumption in China seems to be optimal and beyond this level, it does not affect the growth level of the country. However, examination of the causality linkage from economic growth to clean energy consumption indicates medium and long-run evidence of a frequency-based symmetric causal relationship. Our asymmetric analysis makes this relation clearer such that only the adverse shocks to economic growth lead to a decline in the clean energy consumption level. This inference is complemented with the estimated causal parameter of 0.13, indicating that a 1% decrease in economic growth results in a 0.13% reduction in the level of clean energy consumption.     

Energy consumption and economic growth in China: A multivariate causality test

This study takes a fresh look at the direction of causality between energy consumption and economic growth in China during the period from 1972 to 2006, using a multivariate cointegration approach. Given the weakness associated with the bivariate causality framework, the current study performs a multivariate causality framework by incorporating capital and labor variables into the model between energy consumption and economic growth based on neo-classical aggregate production theory. Using the recently developed autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach, a long-run equilibrium cointegration relationship has been found to exist between economic growth and the explanatory variables: energy consumption, capital and employment. Empirical results reveal that the long-run parameter of energy consumption on economic growth in China is approximately 0.15, through a long-run static solution of the estimated ARDL model, and that for the short-run is approximately 0.12 by the error correction model. The study also indicates the existence of short-run and long-run causality running from energy consumption, capital and employment to economic growth. The estimation results imply that energy serves as an important source of economic growth, thus more vigorous energy use and economic development strategies should be adopted for China.     

水源热泵系统能耗和经济性分析

以大连市某商场为例,采用BIN方法计算了水源热泵系统全年建筑负荷及能耗,在此基础上,与传统区域供热和冷冻机制冷方案进行了经济性比较。结果表明,地下水源热泵系统尽管在初投资方面比传统方案高约18.5%,但年运行费用大大减小,费用年值较传统方案减少了19%,节能性能良好,追加投资回收期仅为3年。     

Energy consumption of 270 schools in Tianjin,China

With the rapid development of education cause, the increasing energy consumption of school buildings is gradually causing widespread concern in recent years in China. This paper presented an analysis of energy consumption of 270 schools located in the city of Tianjin, China. The analysis focused specifically on calculating the space heating energy consumption indexes and non-heating energy consumption indexes of different types of schools, aiming at providing reliable and precise data for the government to elaborate policies and measures. The space heating energy consumption of schools adopting district heating and gas boiler were 92.04 kWh/(m²·a) and 64.25 kWh/(m²·a), respectively. Comparing to the schools without a canteen, the non-heating energy consumption index of schools with a canteen can increase by 8%–37%. Furthermore, clustering of different energy sources, the total primary energy consumption indexes were also presented. Space heating energy consumption accounted for approximately 64%–79% of the total primary energy consumption. When using time-sharing control and self-contained gas boiler instead of district heating, an amount of almost 27.8 kWh/(m²·a) and 77.5 kWh/(m²·a) can be saved respectively. Through extensive statistical analysis of the data collected, this paper demonstrated that gross floor area, heating energy source and canteen had a close relationship with the total primary energy consumption regarding complete schools. Eventually, a linear regression equation was established to make a simple prediction about the total energy consumption of existing complete schools and to estimate the energy consumption of complete schools to be built.     

Energy consumption and economic activities in Iran

The causal relationship between overall GDP, industrial and agricultural value added and consumption of different kinds of energy are investigated using vector error correction model for the case of Iran within 1967–2003. A long-run unidirectional relationship from GDP to total energy and bidirectional relationship between GDP and gas as well as GDP and petroleum products consumption for the whole economy was discovered. Causality is running from value added to total energy, electricity, gas and petroleum products consumption and from gas consumption to value added in industrial sector. The long-run bidirectional relations hold between value added and total energy, electricity and petroleum products consumption in the agricultural sector. The short-run causality runs from GDP to total energy and petroleum products consumption, and also industrial value added to total energy and petroleum products consumption in this sector.