铝稳定的制冷机冷却的超导磁体稳定性分析

铝稳定超导体在高能物理加速器探测磁体和超导储能中应用广泛.铝稳定超导体有很多优点,如铝的剩余电阻率比值高,重量轻,特别是在低温下热导高,使得用这种导体建造的超导磁体稳定性和温度均匀性得到提高.本文通过数值计算仿真了铝稳定的制冷机冷却的超导磁体的稳定性,并与在液氦浸泡方式的结果进行了比较.对这种超导磁体在设计和运行方面,提出了措施和建议.     

高电流密度超导储能磁体的研制

分析了不同结构超导储能磁体的特点,针对储能量为MJ量级的超导储能磁体计算了漏磁场分布和超导材料的利用率,提出了储能为1 MJ的单螺管型超导储能磁体的设计方案。采用窄液氦通道技术,利用多芯NbTi/Cu复合超导线,研制了储能量为1 MJ的紧凑型超导储能磁体。磁体内径为439 mm,外径为600 mm,高为550 mm。在运行电流为305A时,磁体的最大磁场为4.9 T,中心磁场为4 T。对超导磁体的试验结果表明,磁体的最大运行电流为303 A,放电功率为100 kW。研制的超导储能磁体可作为恒压/恒功率放电的不间断电源的关键部件。     

高场超导磁体研究进展及其应用

高磁场对科学技术的发展具有极其重要的作用,它孕育着许多重大的科学发现和新技术的产生。超高磁场的产生和应用研究对极端条件科学设施、生物医学工程、国防特种装备、高精度的科学仪器以及农业应用都具有重要的意义。目前世界上许多研究机构和实验室开展了基于高温超导带材绕制高场直流超导磁体的项目。本文以高场超导磁体领域几个主要的研究机构为对象,主要介绍其在全超导高场磁体方面进行的研究工作,包括设计方案、技术特点和最新的研究进展,并对高场超导磁体的主要应用进行简要介绍。     

Performance and conceptual design of superconducting magnet for disk MHD generator

This paper describes superconducting magnets coupled with two kinds of disk-type MHD generators. One is coupled with a disk generator in the closed-cycle MHD experimental facility FUJI-1. The other is for a full-scale disk MHD generator. These are split-pair magnets. In the magnet for the FUJI-1 facility, a unique structure which supports the coils against the electromagnetic force has been fabricated and the magnet has been operating stably. During MHD power generation experiments, an induced voltage across the terminals of the coil was measured. A magnitude of the Faraday current in the generator was calculated from this induced voltage. A possible construction of magnetics for a full-scale disk MHD generator is indicated. It is suggested that a high performance of the generator (output power density of 0.3-1 GW/m³) can be obtained with high magnetic field up to 10 T.     

A Superconducting Magnet with Center Field of 10 T and φ100 mm Warm Bore

A conduction-cooled superconducting magnet with central field of 10T and warm bore of 100 mm was designed based on a Nb3Sn and two NbTi superconducting coils. At the first stage, the NbTi coils have been fabricated and tested. A two-stage 4 K Gifford-McMahon (GM) cryocooler with the second-stage power in 1W, 4.2K is used to cool the magnet from room temperature to 4 K. The superconducting magnet with the same power supply has the operating current of 116A. The magnet can be rotated with a support frame to be operated with either horizontal or vertical position. A pair of Bi-2223 high temperature superconducting current leads was employed to reduce heat leakage into 4.2K level. The NbTi coils reachto the operating current of 120A without training effect to be observed during charging of the magnet during 40 minutes charging time and generate the center field of 6.5T. The training effect in the NbTi magnet directly cool-down by cryocooler and inter-winding support structure in magnet can be remarkably improved. The superconducting magnet has been stably operated for more than 275 hours with 6.5T. In this paper, the detailed design, fabrication, stress analysis and quench protection characteristics are presented.     

感应加热用传导冷却YBCO高温超导磁体的热稳定性实验研究

与传统的高频交流感应加热技术相比,高温超导直流感应加热技术能够大幅度提升低电阻率、非铁磁性金属材料的透热处理加工效率。在高温超导感应加热系统中,超导磁体的热稳定性是保证系统安全稳定运行的关键。本文对传导冷却YBCO高温超导磁体进行通流实验,通过布置在磁体不同位置的多个温度传感器来监测各部分的温度情况,以温度能否在安全范围内趋于平稳作为判定条件研究超导磁体的热稳定性。同时,本文还研究了磁体载流的幅值与上升速率对磁体温升的影响。结果表明,高温超导磁体在传导冷却条件下,其长期安全稳定运行电流值的安全裕度因子选择通常比浸泡冷却式磁体略低,对于运行的实验磁体,安全裕度因子可取为0.65;传导冷却磁体远端导热性能差,可通过增加导冷点以及改善传热的方式来弥补冷却不均的缺陷;在磁体能够稳定运行的一定范围内,电流不同的上升速率对最终温升无明显影响。本文的研究成果将为今后大型传导冷却超导磁体的热稳定性分析与安全运行提供有价值的参考。     

超导限流储能系统的磁体结构优化

超导限流储能系统(SFCL-MES)的能量以磁场的形式存储在超导磁体中,因此漏磁场对于变电站的电磁干扰问题成为影响其应用的关键问题之一.文中对用于SFCL-MES的多种磁体结构的漏磁场进行了分析与优化,以选择合适的磁体构型,便于SFCL-MES安装在变电站中.首先对于超导限流储能系统磁体的漏磁场进行了勒让德多项式分析.在此基础上,对于多种磁屏蔽型磁体构型,包括同轴同心、轴向排列、轴线平行组合磁体结构,以减小漏磁场和所用的超导线材最少为目标,给出了优化模型,并采用序列二次规划(SQP)方法对模型进行求解.最后对优化结果进行了比较分析.     

基于组合优化方法的螺线管型超导磁体的建模和电磁优化

本文针对目前超导应用系统中广泛采用的螺线管型超导磁体的设计问题,提出了综合考虑磁体储能、漏磁和体积的优化问题.以单螺线管磁场计算为基础,用矢量叠加的方法计算多螺线管磁体的漏磁和最大磁场,从而建立了用于优化的螺线管型超导磁体的电磁模型.借助多学科优化设计软件Isight,采用全局搜索和传统数学规划相结合的优化方法,对所建立的电磁模型进行了优化计算.结果表明应用这种组合方法进行螺线管型超导磁体电磁优化,能取得满意的结果.     

Superconducting compact synchrotron light source

A superconducting compact synchrotron light source, the NIJI-III, has been completed. The development of the NIJI-III was assigned to Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd. by the Research Development Corporation of Japan and was deemed successful in October 1991 with the attainment of the design goal of the stored beam current of 200 mA at the final beam energy of 600 MeV. The lattice has a four-sector configuration: four superconducting bending magnets and eight quadrupole magnets, achieving the optimum beam characteristics for lithography. The world's first superconducting bending magnet was developed and adapted, and was characterized by a cosθ type without an iron, a large bore of 200 mm, and a strong curvature of 0.5 m. Furthermore, a newly developed vacuum system and an rf system were installed. The high-speed electron-beam wobbling method was investigated at a 20-Hz triangular wave for the exposure of the vertical field of synchrotron light. It was demonstrated that the expansion of the vertical exposure area agreed with the theoretical calculation, and that there was no effect on the beam lifetime. The achievement of the NIJI-III can be expected to contribute much to the development of various research applications of synchrotron light.     

35 kJ/7 kW直接冷却高温超导磁储能系统

介绍了直接冷却高温超导磁储能（SMES）系统（35kJ／7kW）的总体结构和基本试验结果。该系统主要由超导磁体、低温系统、功率调节系统和监控系统组成。实验结果表明，通过直接冷却将储能磁体成功冷却到了20K以下；储能磁体的直流临界电流达到150A，临界储能量84kJ，磁体中心场强4．5T；监控系统和变流器能控制SMES与系统快速独立地在四象限进行有功功率和无功功率交换；在电力系统动态模拟实验中，SMES能有效抑制电力系统中因发电机机端短路故障引起的功率振荡。     

超导磁体系统产生的磁场作用下的微重力环境

超导磁体系统产生的磁场力可抑制晶体生长过程中的自然对流,从而提高晶体结晶质量。通过理论分析,得到了实现微重力环境所要求的磁场强度分布。针对特定结构的超导磁体系统,数值模拟得到了不同晶体结晶过程中自然对流完全抑止所需要的线圈电流密度,以及工作空间内的磁场强度和磁加速度。以圆筒内水的自然对流为例,分别得到了重力作用下的流场和温度场,以及超导磁体系统微重力区内的流场和温度场。结果表明:通过特定的超导磁体结构和不同电流密度,可实现不同晶体结晶过程的微重力环境,达到抑止自然对流的目的。     

Measurement and analysis of AC loss of NdFeB sintered magnet

NdFeB sintered magnets are widely used in rotating machines. As the conductivity of NdFeB sintered magnets is fairly high compared with that of ferrite magnets, the eddy current loss due to slot ripple, etc., cannot be neglected. If the eddy current loss of permanent magnets becomes large, the temperature of the permanent magnet becomes high and the thermal demagnetization becomes serious. Therefore, it is required to evaluate AC loss of the permanent magnet. But the measurement of AC loss of the permanent magnet under serious operating conditions has not yet been reported. In this paper, the AC loss of NdFeB sintered magnet was measured using a newly developed closed‐type measuring equipment. It is shown that the coaxial double coil is useful for accurate measurement of the magnetic field. The eddy current loss and hysteresis loss of the permanent magnet are obtained by the loss separation. It is illustrated that the hysteresis loss is larger than the eddy current loss in the range of less than several hundred hertz. The appropriateness of measurement is verified by the numerical analysis. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 154(4): 8–15, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20213     

磁流体发电超导磁体的磁场与应力分析

大型MHD磁体是由鞍型超导线圈、不锈钢芯筒、玻璃钢填充体、层间绝缘绑扎带和扁钢带等组成的非均匀不连续体。本文针对二维简化模型,用有限元边界元耦合方法计算了二维磁场,得到了磁体力的分布。然后对磁体进行了有限元应力分析,考虑了层间的周向滑移和径向分离。所得结果对磁体设计具有实际意义,该方法对其它强磁体的设计也具有参考价值。     

Development of high-Jc NbTi multifilamentary superconducting wire with Nb artificial pins for AC applications

High critical current densities of 1.61 × 10¹⁰ A/m² at 1 T, 6.1 × 10⁹ A/m² at 3 T and 2.9 × 10⁹ A/m² at 5 T were achieved by controlling the distribution of Nb artificial pins in NbTi multifilamentary superconducting wires for ac applications. The critical current densities attained are over two times higher than those of conventional ac superconducting wires. This increase can be attributed to the shift of the peak of pinning force density to higher magnetic field by optimizing the pinning parameters. The benefits of increasing critical current densities for ac applications are demonstrated. A 2.5 T/100 kVA ac superconducting magnet was designed and made by using high J_c wire with controlled distribution of Nb artificial pins. Compared with conventional ac superconducting magnets, the new magnet exhibits a drastic decrease in size as well as in ac losses.     

稀土磁体取向压制成型永久磁路的结构与特点

取向成型是烧结和粘结磁体的一道重要工序,对最终磁体的性能有直接影响。针对常规电磁铁取向成型磁路的不足和缺陷,开发了取向成型永久磁路的新方法,该方法利用永久磁路提供取向磁场和退磁磁场,可用于辐射取向、平行取向和垂直取向稀土磁体产品的压制成型,实现稀土永磁体的直接压制成型。具有结构简单、降低成本、节能、压制周期短、有利于自动化生产等一系列优点。     

A Superconducting Magnet with Center Field of 10 T and φ100 mm Warm Bore

ⅠIntroductionIt is expected that the middle and small-scale mag-nets immersed in liquid helium will be replaced by theeasy-operating conduction cooled superconducting magnetin near future[1~3].For the aimof superconducting mag-net applications in the advanced material processing,awide bore conduction-cooled superconducting magnet withavailable warmbore of100 mmand center field of 10 Twas designed.The NbTi superconducting coils have beenfabricated and tested.The systemis automated by using…     

我国超导技术应用研究进展

本文概况介绍近年我国低温超导磁体应用研究和高温超导技术研究现状与进展。     

Electrical insulation technology for superconducting devices inJapan

The abnormal voltage induced in a superconducting magnet is examined, and the need to utilize insulating materials that do not degrade electrically or mechanically at a very low temperature is demonstrated. Breakdown of the liquid helium in which most superconducting magnets are immersed is discussed. Different types of superconducting magnets are briefly described. Research activities in Japan on electrical insulation technology at cryogenic temperatures and several practical examples of electrical insulation for superconducting devices are reviewed     

直驱永磁风力发电机永磁体抗失磁能力分析

稀土永磁电机由于其效率高、转矩密度高、功率密度大、控制性能好等特点被广泛应用于风力发电领域,但是永磁体内的磁场波动与电机内的电流和温度相互影响,有发生不可逆失磁的风险,会影响发电机运行的稳定性。以1.5 MW直驱永磁风力发电机为研究对象,从永磁材料的退磁机理、故障电流对永磁体的影响、涡流损耗、永磁体温升的计算和试验等方面进行分析,为大功率直驱永磁风力发电机的设计提供了参考。     

New type of Nb3Sn fiber-reinforced superconductors for high-field pulsed magnet and effect of thermal stress

A new type of superconductor with high elastic modulus fibers is being developed for the application of high-field pulsed superconducting magnets called Fiber-Reinforced Superconductors (FRS). FRSs have great potential for the construction of a 15-T class pulses magnet with its size kept equal to ITER because stainless steels of cable-in-conduit-conductors could be reduced considerably. This paper presents a technique of preparing FRS and measuring its superconducting characteristics including strain-Ic relation. FRS has a critical current density of 600 (A/mm²/initial niobium) at 15 T, which is almost equal to one of the commercial bronze-processed wires. The intrinsic strain vs. I_c characteristics are similar to that of bronze-processed wire. Thermal strain on FRS also is discussed because materials with high elastic modulus tend to have low thermal contraction which leads to degradation of the superconducting characteristics of the Nb₃Sn layer. Possibilities of overcoming the degradation while maintaining very high elastic modulus of tungsten fiber for reinforcement are shown.