Ti-6Al-7Nb合金骨科内固定植入物的研制与应用

对钛及其合金在骨科内固定植入物方面的应用及发展过程进行了回顾;Ti-6Al-7Nb合金是近10年发展起来的被世界骨科界广为应用的更为先进的外科金属植入物材料,用无毒的元素Nb代替Ti-6Al-4V合金中的具有潜在毒性的V,目前我国采用这种材料,已成功研制出新型的全髋关节假体系统,并投入市场,应用于临床.     

外科植入物用Ti-6Al-7Nb钛合金的研究

结合外科植入物用Ti-6Al-7Nb钛合金由大锭(1.5 t)到锻造大规格棒材的实际工业生产情况,测试了该合金铸锭的化学成分、典型的物理性能以及80 mm方熔检试棒的金相组织和力学性能,并研究了热处理退火工艺对其组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明化学成分、组织和力学性能均符合ASTM F1295-97和ISO5832-11标准;退火工艺温度不大于940℃时,都可以获得较理想的组织和性能.     

齿科用Ti-6Al-7Nb合金

钛的齿科应用是随着牙用钛铸造机的发展而逐渐开发的,20世纪80年代末到90年代初开始于纯钛.纯钛虽说耐蚀性好,生物相容性优良,但强度较低,磨损时会变黑,且耐磨性不好,有时牙冠会出现孔洞.因此,纯钛的齿科应用几乎都是以镍等金属的过敏患者为主.目前,日本齿科用钛估计每年不过500 kg.     

外科植入用Ti-6Al-7Nb钛合金的工艺、组织和性能

采用多次真空自耗电弧炉熔炼制得直径600 mm、重量约3 t的Ti-6Al-7Nb铸锭,其成分及成分均匀性良好.合金铸锭经过β锻造开坯,而后在α+β相区加工,制得直径16-100 mm的棒材,该棒材组织为α+β相区加工的弥散分布的α+β组织,其力学性能(σb900-1030 MPa;σ0.2 800-945 MPa;δ513%-19%;ψ26-47%)符合ISO和ASTM标准.     

Ti-6Al-7Nb钛合金热加工与热处理工艺研究

研究了Ti-6Al-7Nb合金不同热加工与热处理工艺引起的显微组织和力学性能变化，探讨该合金组织变化的特点和性能变化的内在规律。结果表明，在工业化生产条件下，Nb元素添加采用铌钛中间合金，选用适宜的铸锭熔炼工艺参数，可以获得成分均匀、无富Nb偏析的优质铸锭。在两相区锻造或轧制后坯料在700℃～800℃范围内退火，合金组织与性能均能满足ASTM和ISO标准要求。     

热处理对Ti-6Al-7Nb钛合金组织及性能的影响

制备了细等轴、粗等轴、网篮三种不同初始组织的Ti-6Al-7Nb棒坯,研究了固溶温度、时效温度和时间对Ti-6Al-7Nb钛合金的性能及显微组织的影响.结果表明,试样强度随固溶温度的升高而升高,但超过相变点后,强度有所下降,而塑性则随固溶温度升高明显降低.随时效温度升高,等轴α相尺寸大大增大,含量基本无变化,在550℃时效的样品获得了最大的强化效果.在相同的时效温度(600℃)下,延长时效时间抗拉强度明显提高,但屈服强度基本保持稳定,塑性有恶化趋势.通过热处理形成的等轴α相有利于提高塑性指标,形成的次生条状α相有利于提高强度指标.在本研究中,具有等轴初始组织的棒坯最佳热处理制度为:940℃×1h,AC+ 550℃×4h,AC;网篮初始组织的试样还需要通过其他方法进一步提高塑性.     

热处理温度对Ti-6Al-7Nb合金组织与性能的影响

为揭示Ti-6Al-7Nb合金显微组织、力学性能及相组成随热处理温度的变化规律,研究了合金在650～1 030℃热处理空冷条件下的组织演变,并进行了室温力学性能测试与XRD分析。结果表明:对于Ti-6Al-7Nb合金,经650℃热处理后,热加工得到的原β转变组织中析出了细小的α相,合金的强度和弹性模量有所提高。在700～850℃之间进行热处理,可以获得良好的综合性能,满足医用钛合金相关标准要求。在950～1 030℃范围内,随着热处理温度的升高,析出二次针状α相或生成α''马氏体相,呈现强度上升、塑性下降的趋势。经650、850℃热处理后,XRD图谱中均为α相的衍射峰,未出现β相的衍射峰。1 030℃热处理后,α''相具有较强的(002)、(101)衍射峰,其他晶面的衍射峰强度很弱,合金弹性模量可达108 GPa。     

外科植入物用Ti-5Al-2.5Fe合金的机械性能及生物相容性

在实验室及扩大试验条件下,研究了专门为外科植入物设计的钛合金———Ti-5Al-2.5Fe合金的机械性能及生物相容性。结果表明,Ti-5Al-2.5Fe合金性能优良,价格低廉,生物相容性好,是理想的生物植入材料。     

Ti-6Al-7Nb合金随温度的组织与性能演变

为揭示Ti-6Al-7Nb合金随热处理温度的不同,显微组织、力学性能及相组成的变化规律,研究了合金在650℃-1030℃热处理空冷条件下的组织演变,进行室温力学性能测试与XRD分析。结果表明：650℃属于时效温度,热加工得到的原β转变组织中析出细小的α相,合金的强度和弹性模量有所提高。700℃-850℃之间进行热处理,可以获得良好的综合性能,满足相关标准要求。合金弹性模量处于94-100 GPa。950℃-1030℃温度范围内,随着温度的升高,由于二次针状α相的析出,或者生成α"相,呈现强度上升,塑性下降的趋势。650℃、850℃两个温度热处理后,Ti-6Al-7Nb合金的XRD图谱未出现β相的衍射峰,均为α相的衍射峰。1030℃热处理后,α"相具有较强的(002)、(101)衍射峰,其它晶面的衍射峰能量很弱。合金弹性模量达最大值108GPa。通过金相观察,推算Ti-6Al-7Nb合金α+β→β转变的开始温度处于900℃-920℃,终了温度处于1010℃-1030℃。     

Ti-22Al-25Nb与TC11异种钛合金的线性摩擦焊接

通过Ti-22Al-25Nb(Ti2AlNb基合金)与TC11((α+β)钛合金)的线性摩擦焊接,研究焊接工艺参数对接头外貌及界面结合率的影响,观察接头附近显微组织,并测试了其显微硬度。结果表明,随着焊接工艺参数,如摩擦时间、摩擦频率和摩擦压力的提高,接头的结合率显著提高;在焊接和随后的冷却过程中,TC11合金侧的热影响区域发生了α→β→α′相变,形成的大量针状马氏体α′相使焊缝区的显微硬度值显著增大;Ti-22Al-25Nb合金侧的热影响区域主要发生了(O,α2)→B2/β相变,随着O相和α2相的减少,该区域金属的显微硬度值显著降低。在合适的工艺条件下,线性摩擦焊接Ti-22Al-25Nb合金与TC11合金能够形成质量完好的焊接接头。     

Nitrogen ion implantation and in vitro corrosion behavior of as-cast Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy

In the present investigation, surface modification of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy with nitrogen ions is considered as a method to improve its performance with respect to corrosion. Nitrogen ion was implanted on Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy at an energy of 70 and 100 keV using a 150 keV accelerator at different doses between 1×10¹⁶ and 3×10¹⁷ ions/cm². Gracing incidence X-ray diffraction was employed on the implanted specimens to understand the phases formed with increasing doses. The implanted samples were subjected to electrochemical study in Ringer's solution in order to determine the optimum dose that can give good corrosion resistance in a simulated body fluid condition. The OCP of the implanted specimens were found to shift in the noble direction in comparison with unimplanted specimen. The passive current density and area of the repassivation loop were found to decrease as the dose values increased. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopic results indicate that the polarization resistance was higher for the dose of 2.5×10¹⁷ ions/cm² implanted at both energy of 70 and 100 keV. Nitrogen ion implantation enhanced the passivability and reduces the corrosion kinetics of the alloy surface with increasing tendency for repassivation. Nature of the surface and reason for the variation and improvement in corrosion resistance are discussed in detail.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Unidirectional W Filament Reinforced Al-6Ti-6Nb and SiCp-Al-6Ti-6Nb Matrix Composites

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Surface characterization of passive film formed on nitrogen ion implanted Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-7Nb alloys using SIMS

The aim of this paper is to study the effect of N⁺ ion implantation on corrosion and phase formation on the implanted surfaces of Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-7Nb alloys. Nitrogen ion was implanted on Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-7Nb alloys at an energy of 70 and 100 keV, respectively using a 150 keV accelerator at different doses ranging from 5 × 10¹⁵ to 2.5 × 10¹⁷ ions/cm². Electrochemical studies have been carried out in Ringer’s solution in order to determine the optimum dose that can give good corrosion resistance in a simulated body fluid condition. The implanted surfaces of such modified doses were electrochemically passivated at 1.0 V for an hour. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy was used to study and characterize titanium oxide and titanium nitride layers produced on implanted surface and to correlate them with the corrosion resistance. The nature of the passive film of the implanted-passivated specimen was compared with the unimplanted-passivated as well as as-implanted specimens.     

Ti-6Al-4V宽幅薄板叠轧工艺研究

介绍了在3.3 m四辊可逆式轧机上采用β区开坯,经β处理后在α+β区成形轧制,或者在α+β区开坯,在α+β区成形轧制的两种工艺,运用包覆叠轧法研制Ti-6Al-4V合金宽幅薄板的过程.并讨论了轧制方式、变形量等和热处理制度对Ti-6Al-4V宽幅薄板性能和组织的影响.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V/Ti-22Al-25Nb joint formed by diffusion bonding

Ti-6Al-4V (wt.%) and Ti-22Al-25Nb (at.%) were joined by diffusion bonding at 950 °C and 15 MPa for 100 min, and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the resulting joints were investigated. The composition of the diffusion layer is B2/discontinuous α/α₂ layer/necklace-shaped β+α′ layer, where the content of any element at a given point mainly depends on the distance of the point from the interface and the phase type at the point. The tensile strength of the joint is 894 MPa, which is almost the same as that of the Ti-22Al-25Nb base alloy. The fracture surfaces on both sides of the joint are composed of two main regions. One region displays a relatively flat surface and fractures along the bonding interface. The other is composed of a moderate number of irregularly-shaped cavities on the Ti-6Al-4V side and many irregularly-shaped bulges on the Ti-22Al-25Nb side. Both regions result from fracture along the boundaries between β+α′ layers and α_p grains or from the transcrystalline fracture of α_p grains.