不同体积分数CO_2对气调冷藏带鱼品质的影响

在(4±1)℃冷藏条件下,采用40%CO2+10%O2+50%N2、60%CO2+10%O2+30%N2、80%CO2+10%O2+10%N2含不同体积分数CO2气调包装带鱼。以感官评分、细菌总数、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N值)、pH值、硫代巴比妥酸(TBA值)和汁液流失率为指标,研究不同体积分数CO2气调包装带鱼在冷藏条件下品质的影响。结果表明,气调包装能够有效抑制细菌的生长繁殖,延缓挥发性盐基氮的上升,高体积分数的CO2抑菌效果较为明显,但随CO2体积分数升高,鱼样汁液流失严重;在抑制鱼样脂肪氧化方面,气调包装效果不明显。80%CO2+10%O2+10%N2气调包装能够显著延长新鲜带鱼的保鲜期至14d以上。     

气调小包装对冷鲜人工养殖大鲵分割肉货架品质的影响

研究了气体成分对气调小包装冷鲜大鲵分割肉的品质影响。共有6组不同的气体成分,分别是:0%O2+70%CO2+30%N2;10%O2+70%CO2+20%N2;20%O2+60%CO2+20%N2;30%O2+60%CO2+10%N2;10%O2+50%CO2+40%N2;21%O2+0%CO2+79%N2。结果表明:10%O2+70%CO2+20%N2比例的气体成分保鲜效果最好,可有效延缓大鲵肉的色泽下降及汁液流失率与挥发性盐基氮含量的升高,抑制微生物的生长繁殖,使大鲵肉保持较高的感官品质,贮藏到第22天时,感官分值与色泽仍较高,分别为10分和51.2,汁液流失率、TVB-N值及菌落总数则较低,分别为5.4%、25.7 mg/100 g和4.6×105CFU/g。     

冰温条件下贮藏军曹鱼最佳气调包装参数的研究

在冰温下贮藏,研究不同的包装条件对军曹鱼品质的影响,确定冰温气调包装军曹鱼最佳气调包装参数。对照组为空气贮藏,实验组气体配比为6组,分别为100%N2、75%N2+25%CO2、50%N2+50%CO2、30%N2+65%CO2+5%O2、25%N2+75%CO2、100%CO2,包装袋以纯PE、一般阻隔性、高阻隔性3种材质的包装材料为对象进行研究,气调包装后在冰温袋-1.01~0℃范围内贮藏,贮藏期间考察K值、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)含量、细菌总数和汁液流失率等品质指标的变化。结果表明,K值、TVB-N含量、细菌总数、汁液流失率均在贮藏期间有不同程度的增加,并且对照组和实验组有显著性差异(p<0.05),以K值、TVB-N含量、细菌总数增长速度慢,汁液流失率少为评定标准,综合比较几种品质指标的变化规律,最终确定为使用高阻隔性包装袋并充以50%N2+50%CO2的气体配比进行冰温气调包装军曹鱼为最佳。     

冷藏物流过程中不同气调包装对三文鱼品质的影响

为研究3种不同体积分数CO2(50%CO2+50%N2,60%CO2+40%N2及70%CO2+30%N2)的气调包装对存在温度波动的冷藏物流链中三文鱼品质保持的作用,通过测定冷藏物流过程中三文鱼的感官评分、红度值、p H、菌落总数、TVB-N值及K值的变化情况,分析不同体积分数CO2对三文鱼肉品质的影响。结果表明,不同体积分数CO2的气调包装对冷藏物流中温度变化导致的三文鱼品质下降均有减缓作用,其中气体比例为70%CO2+30%N2的气调包装的效果最好。70%CO2的气调包装能够使三文鱼肉维持较低的TVB-N值,同时能抑制微生物的繁殖,保证三文鱼在贮运末期仍有良好的品质。因此,在冷藏物流链中出现温度波动的情况下,采用气调包装能够有效减缓三文鱼肉品质的下降。     

复合生物保鲜剂结合气调包装对海湾扇贝柱冷藏保鲜效果的研究

本文以海湾扇贝柱为对象,采用复合生物保鲜剂及保鲜剂结合气调包装处理,测定其在(0±1)℃冷藏过程中菌落总数、理化和感官等指标的变化,评价复合生物保鲜剂结合气调包装的保鲜效果。结果表明:各处理组的挥发性盐基氮、细菌总数、感官评分、pH、Ca2+-ATPase活性变化均与贮藏时间相关(P0.05)。空气包装组海湾扇贝柱冷藏货架期为4 d,复合生物保鲜剂处理的货架期大约为9 d;生物保鲜剂结合气调包装能够显著延长冷藏扇贝货架期,具有良好的抑菌保鲜作用,高体积分数的CO2抑菌效果较为明显,但随CO2浓度升高汁液流失严重;生物保鲜剂结合80%CO2+20%N2气调包装组冷藏贮存10 d,海湾扇贝柱的菌落总数为5.20lg(cfu/g),TVB-N值为0.12 mg/g,Ca2+-ATPase活性为0.0310μmol Pi/(mg·h)。总体结果表明,复合生物保鲜剂结合气调包装能有效延长冷藏海湾扇贝柱的货架期。     

不同气调包装条件下冷却猪肉贮藏过程中的品质变化

研究不同CO2、O2、N2气体组分配比的气调包装条件对气调包装冷却猪肉品质的影响,对6组在不同气调组分条件下,冷却猪肉在7d冷藏期内的菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)值、脂肪氧化值(TBA)、感官指标进行监测。结果表明:不同气调保鲜条件下冷却猪肉贮藏过程中的品质变化显著;气调包装组分为40%CO2+40%O2+20%N2时,冷却猪肉的菌落总数未达到腐败水平,TVB-N值、TBA值均符合新鲜肉的标准,可作为优选气调保鲜条件用于实际肉类贮藏。     

几种栅栏因子在即食海蜇保鲜中的应用研究

通过对即食海蜇样品感官评定以及测定样品中肉毒梭状芽孢杆菌、菌落总数、TVB-N值、汁液流失率作为评价指标,研究温度、pH、包装方式等物理栅栏因子对即食海蜇保鲜的影响。盐矾海蜇经前处理后,分别采用普通包装、真空包装以及各种不同气体比例的气调包装（A：60%CO2/40%N2、B：60%CO2/35%N2/5%O2、C：60%CO2/30%N2/10%O2、D：50%CO2/45%N2/5%O2、E：50%CO2/40%N2/10%O2、F：40%CO2/55%N2/5%O2、G：40%CO2/50%N2/10%O2）后,分别在3℃、室温贮藏。实验结果表明：所有样品在保藏期间均没有肉毒梭状芽孢杆菌的检出;低温结合气调包装D处理可以明显延长即食海蜇制品的保质期,其保质期是常温贮藏A处理样品的1.5倍;用不同浓度柠檬酸溶液（Ⅰ：1%、Ⅱ：0.5%、Ⅲ：0.1%）浸泡处理结合气调包装D处理的即食海蜇样品,其中0.5%、1%柠檬酸浸泡处理的样品,分别在3℃低温贮藏56d后,海蜇质构变软,感官不可接受。0.1%柠檬酸浸泡处理过的样品,在贮藏70d后,感官评分较高,TVB-N值3.6152mgN/100g,菌落总数为2.85×104cfu/g。     

低温结合气调包装处理对鲜切胡萝卜品质的影响

该研究以鲜切胡萝卜为对象,采用低温结合气调包装对鲜切胡萝卜进行处理,研究不同保鲜方式对鲜切胡萝卜品质的影响。鲜切胡萝卜经气调(气体组成分别为5%O2+5%CO2+90%N 2、5%O2+10%CO2+85%N 2、10%O2+5%CO2+85%N 2)包装后,(4±1)℃下在保鲜盒中贮藏,每3 d测定感官品质、失重率、可溶性固形物含量、抗坏血酸含量、胡萝卜素含量、菌落总数、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量和以及超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性等指标。结果表明,低温结合5%O2+10%CO2+85%N 2气调包装处理组有效地保持了鲜切胡萝卜的品质,减少了水分的流失,延缓了营养物质可溶性固形物、胡萝卜素以及抗坏血酸含量的下降,抑制了MDA含量的增加,提高了抗氧化酶活性,同时延缓了菌落总数的增加。在贮藏15 d后,仍有商品价值和食用价值。结果表明,低温结合5%O2+10%CO2+85%N2气调包装处理可以维持鲜切胡萝卜贮藏品质并延缓采后衰老过程。     

气调包装对酱卤鸭翅品质和保鲜效果的影响

目的 研究酱卤鸭翅储藏过程中,不同气体比例气调包装对酱卤鸭翅品质和保鲜效果的影响,并确定最佳气调包装条件。方法 将酱卤鸭翅置于3种不同气体比例气调包装中,分别在13 ℃储藏1、3、5、7、10天,测量样品pH、硫代巴比妥酸（thiobarbituric acid,TBA）值、挥发性盐基氮（total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N）值、菌落总数和质构。结果 30%N2+70%CO2气调包装组比其他两组的pH、TBA值、TVB-N值、菌落总数均低;30%N2+70%CO2气调组和50%N2+50%CO2气调组随着储藏时间的延长酱鸭翅的嫩度和硬度均上升,而70%N2+30%CO2气调组随着储藏时间的延长酱鸭翅的嫩度和硬度呈先增高后降低的趋势。 结论 酱卤鸭翅在气调包装气体比例为30%N2+70%CO2时保鲜效果最佳。     

不同CO_2比例气调包装对冰温贮藏鲜罗非鱼片品质的影响

采用不同的气体组成A(50%CO2/10%O2/40%N2)、B(60%CO2/10%O2/30%N2)、C(70%CO2/10%O2/20%N2)和空气(对照)分别包装鲜罗非鱼片,在-0.5±0.2℃贮藏,研究不同CO2比例气调包装在冰温贮藏条件下对鲜罗非鱼片品质的影响。实验结果表明,罗非鱼的冰点在-0.8～-0.9℃之间,贮藏7d以后,与对照相比,气调包装能显著抑制产品细菌菌落总数和嗜冷菌数的增长(p<0.05)。在冰温贮藏期间,气调包装样品的肉汁渗出率要高于对照产品,随着贮藏时间的延长,四组样品的TVB-N值均有不同程度的上升,但是贮藏10d以后,对照的TVB-N值开始高于三种气调包装样品;包装方式对产品pH的影响并不明显,但是对照的pH随着贮藏时间的延长基本呈上升趋势,四种处理的罗非鱼片在整个贮藏期间TBA值几乎都没有变化。三组CO2比例气调包装样品在贮藏期间的品质差异并不明显,但是在冰温条件下,气调包装处理能明显延长鲜罗非鱼片的货架期。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press