UMTS — the mobile part of broadband communications for the next century

This paper outlines the path from developing broadband ISDN/ATM systems towards the European vision of the next generation mobile system — Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS).The capabilities of UMTS in terms of services and features compared to the second generation mobile system GSM, and the network technologies behind N-ISDN and B-ISDN, are discussed with proposals for technical developments to satisfy the UMTS requirements. The UMTS radio interface aspects are described and considerations on the network requirements to support these radio aspects are discussed.The requirements within the network for control, switching and transport to support the mobility, service and interconnecting network aspects of UMTS are outlined in conjunction with the technical solutions currently under discussion and some latest thoughts on a potential high-level architecture     

Broadband ISDN Switching Capabilities from a Services Perspective

Broadband switching and transmission technologies are maturing rapidly, promising to make broadband ISDN (B-ISDN) possible and potentially economical in the near future. The diversity of possible B-ISDN services provides much impetus for the implementation of B-ISDN, but complicates the task of specifying network switching requirements. This paper examines a few representative services in order to generate a set of basis vectors in capability space. New services are then projected onto this basis; if a new service cannot be constructed from the basis vectors, other vectors are added to the basis set. B-ISDN architects can then specify switching requirements by selecting those capability basis vectors that are required for the services most in demand. For full motion entertainment video services, circuit switching capability at about 150 Mbit/s may be required, while selective broadcast and remote switching capabilities may reduce the cost of these services. For subvideo-rate services, new transfer mode (NTM) capability may be required to allow users the flexibility to allocate access channels dynamically on a per-call basis. Multiple connection (e.g., voice and video) and multiple party call capabilities may be required for many B-ISDN services, implying a need to extend the ISDN signaling protocol. The capability for the user to request network code conversion between different coding formats (e.g., NTSC or HDTV), and network compression of signals to reduce the cost of interoffice facilities, may also be required. Finally, fast call setup capability and high calling volume capabilities may be required, implying a need to distribute call processing functions over multiple processors in the central office.     

Evolving from narrowband [ISDN]

A nodal system architecture developed by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) that will allow stepwise evolution to broadband integrated services digital network (B-ISDN), starting from the current nationwide narrowband integrated services digital network (N-ISDN) system in Japan, is discussed. The status of the current N-ISDN and the requirements for B-ISDN as the next step after N-ISDN are discussed, followed by a scenario for the evolution of B-ISDN from N-ISDN. A plan is outlined for the first ATM switching service for high-speed data transfer and a nodal system architecture permitting easy evolution to full B-ISDN     

Heading towards an advanced signalling system for multimedia,multiparty services in broadband ISDN

Introduction of the broadband integrated services digital network (B-ISDN) will enable network users to make use of advanced multimedia, multiparty services. With this aim in view, RACE II project R2044, MAGIC, is investigating long-term signalling requirements, architecture and protocols for B-ISDN. New service concepts are being developed in MAGIC which will provide more flexibility when compared to narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN). The service requirements and other signalling requirements, such as the separation between call and associated connections at the network-node interface, are used to determine the distribution of functions over the network. The signalling protocols which are used to exchange the signalling information are subsequently developed. These signalling protocols are simulated to prove the performance and the feasibility of call handling concepts     

ISDN的现状和发展

９０年代将是ＩＳＤＮ和宽带ＩＳＤＮ迅速发展的年代，本文介绍了国外Ｎ－ＩＳＤＮ和Ｂ－ＩＳＤＮ的发展动向，并结合我国通信网的现状，对发展ＩＳＤＮ（Ｂ－ＩＳＤＮ）提出若干建议。     

我国发展ISDN的策略和方案

本文讨论了我国发展ISDN应考虑的一些策略和实施方案,对于首先发展N-ISDN还是B-ISDN的问题做了分析和比较,预测了我国发展N-ISDN的前景,并指出制定切合实际的技术规范和标准的重要性。     

MAN向B—ISDN过渡方法的研究

本文比较了利用窄带ＩＳＤＮ和帧中继技术与利用城域网（ＭｅｔｒｏｐｏｌｉｔａｎＡｒｅａＮｅｔｗｏｒｋ－ＭＡＮ）来实现过渡的两种方案，指出利用ＭＡＮ过渡到Ｂ－ＩＳＤＮ具有更多的优越性，ＭＡＮ是为适应局域网（ＬＡＮ）互连和高速数据通信而发展起来的，网距离通常可达３０～５０ｋｍ，由于它的信元格式和传输方式上与Ｂ－ＩＳＤＮ的兼容性，使得它成为从现有网络向Ｂ－ＩＳＤＮ过渡的最佳中介域网技术。     

A guide to data communications: B-ISDN and how it works

The capabilities of the emerging broadband integrated services digital network (B-ISDN) are examined. Fundamental differences between broadband and narrowband ISDN are identified. The basics of asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), the switching technique used by BISDN networks, are discussed. Channel identification, generic flow control, using ATM, and connectionless service are considered. The first services expected to make use of ATM are briefly described     

Interworking of a satellite system for mobile multimediaapplications with the terrestrial networks

This paper deals with the interworking of a satellite system for mobile multimedia applications with the terrestrial environment. The concept of an “overlying network” is introduced with the aim of giving a common approach for the interworking of the considered satellite system with the various terrestrial networks (B-ISDN, N-ISDN, TCP/IP). The paper particularizes the introduced concept to the case in which the considered satellite system is interfaced with the broadband ISDN (B-ISDN)     

Technology Aspects for System 12 Broadband ISDN

Although the enhancement of System 12, SEL's digital switching system, for ISDN services is virtually complete, further development work is being carried out to allow broadband switching for videophone services, videoconferencing, and the distribution of radio and television programs. This paper describes an appropriate approach to the evolution Of System 12 toward the broadband ISDN (B-ISDN), emphasizing the crosspoint and technology aspects of the broadband switch. Test results on a broadband switch VLSI circuit for 140 Mbit/s in a 2μm CMOS technology are presented.     

Some experience with LAN interconnection via frame relaying

Recent work on new ISDN packet-mode services has shown that frame relaying is particularly well-suited to the task of connecting remote bridges between physically distant local area networks. The authors summarize their experience gained through the building and trial use of a bridge that interconnects token rings by means of frame relaying. They conclude that frame relaying provides a balance between functionality and speed that is very well suited to the needs of LAN bridges for wide area network (WAN) connectivity. The access line rates can be significantly higher that is often conventionally cost effective. These speeds can be effectively utilized because of the very low protocol overheads, and they are cost effective because they can be shared among many logical connections     

Interworking IEEE 802/FDDI LANs via the ISDN frame relay bearerservice

The author presents a generic architecture for interconnecting LANs (local area networks) through the ISDN (integrated services digital network) bearer services, particularly the frame relay bearer service. The architecture is derived from the IEEE 802.1 MAC (medium access control) bridge and ISDN frame relay standards. An algorithm for MAC/ISDN address resolution that makes minimal use of the WAN (wide area network) bandwidth (which is potentially the most expensive resource) is presented. The algorithm uses a MAC/ISDN address resolution server to resolve addresses for new stations, the resolution in all other cases (e.g. stations moving from the ISDN address to another) being fully distributed. To prevent a server failure from inhibiting communication to new stations, a backup server may be provided. A practical implementation of the architecture has been found capable of supporting full throughput at ISDN hyperchannel rates (384-1920 kb/s) for all IEEE 802.3 frame lengths. Frame relay is seen as having a number of important advantages for LAN interconnection, including the following: a large number of virtual circuits available, giving the potential for a rich interconnection architecture with single-hop connections across the ISDN; and low processing overhead enabling efficient use of ISDN channels, including ISDN hyperchannels (384-1920 kb/s)     

Implementation of a broadband integrated services hybrid network

The issues involved in the design of a broadband integrated services digital network (B-ISDN), that utilizes optical fibers in the subscriber loop, are considered. A hybrid scheme that provides integrated access to ISDN and broadband services by delivering voice/data signals in a digital format while using an analog format for full-motion video services to subscribers is proposed. The discussion covers planning for a B-ISDN, the system concept, implementation, the loop fiber network, subscriber equipment, and cost comparison and analysis     

Introduction strategies towards B-ISDN for business and residentialsubscribers based on ATM

It is argued that introduction strategies for B-ISDN with a clear evolutionary path to the future must be worked out. Two strategies are described, along with their early application. The first is mainly intended for business customers and offers an initial-phase asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) cross-connect functionality. The second is for residential users and initially offers POTS (plain old telephone service) and narrowband ISDN and analog TV services. Both solutions can easily be upgraded step by step to a full ATM-based B-ISDN     

ISDN的演变及N－ISDN用户－网络接口

本文从通信网的发展、社会需求及技术保证的角度阐述了从现有通信网到综合业务数字网的演变过程；对利用现有用户线实现窄带ＩＳＤＮ进行了讨论；进而对实现窄带ＩＳＤＮ的关键技术之一的ＩＳＤＮ用户－网络接口结构作了较为详细的介绍。     

B－ISDN与64kb／sISDN的互通

随着Ｂ－ＩＳＤＮ深入研究的开展，宽带网络试验性工作的标准化程度不断提高。但Ｂ－ＩＳＤＮ的发展是与６４ｋｂ／ｓＩＳＤＮ长期共存的，所以研究Ｂ－ＩＳＤＮ与６４ｋｂ／ｓＩＳＤＮ的互通是非常必要的。本文将介绍这两种网络的互通通信流程、业务及连接类型；讨论Ｂ－ＩＳＤＮ与６４ｋｂ／ｓＩＳＤＮ互通功能的要求；最后给出互通示例。     

Requirements for B-ISDN signalling — broadband services

The broadband ISDN (B-ISDN) is being tailored to become the universal (standardised) future netowrk, and will be capable of supporting a wide range of multimedia, multi-party applications. It is based upon the same principles as its narrowband predecessor and hence can be regarded as a natural extension of it. However, the move away from constant bit rate circuit switching towards the use of asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) technology has provided much needed flexibility, especially in terms of the connection bandwidths and quality of service available to the user.This paper briefly describes the network capabilities that B-ISDN should support and how they have been derived from a representative sample of user applications principally proposed by ITU-T/ETSI and Digital Audio-Visual Council (DAVIC). The identification of the required network capabilities is the first step towards the specification of signalling protocols for the B-ISDN which must be flexible enough to support the wide range of current and future advanced applications and services. One such potential future B-ISDN application, which demonstrates the range of signalling functionality required, is the 'Travel Agent Service' which is treated in detail.     

The role of satellite communication in the ISDN era

Satellite communications can play an important role in provisioning the next-generation telecommunications services and networks, provided that the protocols specifying these services and networks are satellite-compatible. After a brief discussion of narrowband circuit and packet mode integrated service digital network (ISDN) services, the paper focuses on emerging standards in frame relay, broadband ISDN (BISDN) and universal personal telecommunications (UPT). The specific parameters and procedures of frame relay and BISDN protocols which are affected by a satellite delay are identified, and congestion and resource management functions for frame relay and BISDN are discussed in detail. Specific ground functions and possible on-board functions are identified as potential candidates for implementation via neural network technology. Finally, the implication of UPT standards on satellite networks is discussed.     

ATM-layer OAM: principles and open issues [B-ISDN]

The principles of operation and maintenance (OAM) for broadband ISDN access, as well as some general OAM rules for an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network, are discussed. Standardization of the OAM functions and mechanisms for the ATM layer, which is based primarily on CCITT Recommendations, is considered. Issues regarding OAM flow at the ATM layer are examined. It is seen that although references can be made both to basic and primary rate ISDN, new solutions are necessary for the OAM of B-ISDN. Issues requiring further study are identified