Evaluation of the effectiveness of prophylactic vitamin administration to school children in Moscow]

The influence of prophylactic vitamin administration to schoolchildren in Moscow was studied basing on the parameters of their providing with vitamins, physical development and health. It was established that as a result of prophylactic vitamin administration of "Undevitum" during 6 months the morbidity rate (especially, of acute respiratory diseases) decreased that produced a definite economic effect. The prophylactic vitamin administration to schoolchildren in the winter-spring period has been recommended.     

Effects of the preparation Undevit on the indicators of vitamin provision of Norilsk's schoolchildren]

The effect of the prophylactic use of multivitamin "Undevitum" on parameters of vitamin providing of schoolchildren in Norilsk was studied. The results of the investigation showed a positive effect of the prophylactic vitamin administration on providing with vitamins of schoolchildren in Norilsk and proved the necessity of conducting mass vitamin administration to schoolchildren.     

Effects of prophylactic vitamin administration of physical fitness of schoolchildren in the Arctic Regions]

The effectiveness of prophylactic vitamin administration to schoolchildren in the Arctic region was evaluated in the biochemical investigation of schoolchildren by the assay of vitamins C, A, E, B1, B2, B6, B12 and folic acid in their blood serum before and after "Undevitum" intake. Deficiency of a number of vitamins was detected. It was shown that regular consumption of multivitamin "Undevitum" produced a positive effect on the parameters of their physical activity, the highest effect was observed in children with the normotensive reaction to loading, and it was less expressed in those with pathological hemodynamic reactions to the loading.     

Results of prophylactic vitamin administration of schoolchildren in Tbilisi]

The data are presented on providing with vitamins of schoolchildren in Tbilisi. Significant disorders were revealed in their providing with vitamins due to insufficient content of vitamins in daily food rations of the schoolchildren investigated. To correct their vitamin status an additional vitamin administration to schoolchildren with the multivitamin compound "Hexavitum" was conducted and its positive effect on the parameters of their physical and mental development was recorded.     

Copper content in the organisms of trained and non-trained high school and students in different seasons

Senior pupils (boys) and students (boys and girls) who go in for sports (skies), were tested to define the copper content on plasma and erythrocytes blood. At was determined, that the content of copper in blood depends mostly on season, but not on physical activity. The maximum content was detected in autumn and spring and minimal--winter and summer. At that, the copper content in male schoolchildren and students was lower than in female students. The concentration of copper in erythrocytes depended mainly not season, but on physical activity. Under intensive training the content of alimentary copper in schoolchildren and students, who go in far sports, was higher in autumn and winter than in summer and more than in non-sportsmen. The copper content in rations of schoolchildren and students was considerably lower the norm in summer and especially in winter     

Consumption of basic foods, state of health and physical work capacity of middle school students

Actual nutrition, health state and physical working capacity were studied in schoolchildren of three age groups after intake of the polyvitamin "Undevitum" during a month. The results of the investigation conducted have shown that prophylactic measures produced a positive effect on the schoolchildren aged from 11 to 13 and from 14 to 17 years who received 1 degree of "Undevitum" daily. No positive effect was recorded in schoolchildren aged 7-10 years who received 1 degree of "undevitum"/day, every other day.     

Dynamics of mental and physical capacities of Moscow's schoolchildren administered vitamins]

Mental and physical capacities were studied in schoolchildren aged 6-10, 11-13 and 14-17 years in the autumn-spring period during vitamin administration of "Undevitum". The six-month vitamin administration produced a positive effect on the functional state of the schoolchildren that was expressed in the improvement of their mental and physical capacity parameters.     

Iron, copper and manganese metabolism in young sportsmen on diets supplemented with vitamins and microelements

Young skiers and untrained schoolchildren were under observation. During autumn, they manifested an increase in trace elements in the blood, particularly iron and copper, whereas in spring and summer, a dramatic fall of these elements. Supplementation of the diets with vitamins did not produce any demonstrable beneficial effect on metabolism of trace elements. Intake of vitamins in conjunction with iron, copper and manganese was followed by a more pronounced increase, as compared with the "vitamin" and especially with the control groups, in hemoglobin, red cell count, ceruloplasmin activity and by the increment of trace elements in the blood in the presence of high retention of iron and manganese in the body.     

Regional study of nutritional status of urban primary schoolchildren. 1. Manila, Philippines

This multicity study sought to provide baseline information on the nutritional status of urban schoolchildren in order to examine the emerging problem of overweight and obesity in this age group. The study included 1,208 children 8 to 10 years old who were randomly selected from all public and private schools in Manila for weight and height measurements. Nutritional status was assessed by weight-for-age and height-for-age Z scores and BMI percentile cutoff points. On the average, private schoolchildren were taller and heavier and had higher body mass index (BMI) values than public schoolchildren, resulting in a much lower prevalence of undernutrition and a much higher prevalence of overnutrition. These results have important programmatic implications. However, using the World Health Organization (WHO)--recommended cutoff points to define under- and overnutrition gave contrasting results when weight-for-height and BMI were used. There appears to be a need to validate the anthropometric reference standards and cutoff points in children and adolescents to better define nutritional status and ascertain the influence of ethnicity.     

Dietary and physical activity patterns of 8- to 10-year-old urban schoolchildren in Manila,Philippines

This report is the second part of a study on the nutrition of urban schoolchildren in the city of Manila; the first part was on nutritional status. The primary purpose of the study was to gather data that will assist authorities in planning and implementing nutrition education programs focused on the growing problem of obesity and overweight in children. The study included 1,208 children 8 to 10 years of age, who were randomly selected from all public and private schools in the city of Manila. Data on the children's dietary and physical activity patterns, together with information on nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes, and preferences of the children and their parents, were gathered by interviews and self-administered questionnaires. There were distinct differences in dietary and physical activity patterns between the two groups of children. Children from private schools, who are generally of higher socioeconomic status than those from public schools, tended to consume more total food, more animal foods, fats, and oils, and more beverages, resulting in higher intakes of calories, protein, iron, and vitamin A than public schoolchildren. Moreover, children from private schools were apparently less physically active, were more likely to be driven to school instead of walking, and were more likely to prefer television and computer games over outdoor games. These differences agree with an earlier report on the nutritional status of the children as determined by anthropometry, which showed a higher proportion of overnutrition and a lower proportion of undernutrition among private schoolchildren than among public schoolchildren. Although the emphasis in public schools should be on prevention and control of undernutrition in children, private schools should begin to look at the emerging problem of overnutrition and the role of physical activity programs in the health of children. The information on the knowledge, attitudes, and preferences of the children and their parents showed that parents or guardians, teachers, and television influence the nutritional practices of schoolchildren. These groups should therefore be the major targets for nutrition education programs meant to improve the nutrition and health of schoolchildren.     

School gardening in Bhutan: Evaluating outcomes and impact

School gardening interventions have been touted as an effective approach to improve children’s eating habits in developed countries, but there is little evidence for their impact in developing countries. We studied the combined effect of school gardens linked to complementary lessons and promotional activities on the eating behavior and nutritional status of 9- to 15-year-old schoolchildren in Bhutan. We also studied the effect on a range of secondary indicators derived from the impact pathway. We used data from 468 schoolchildren in 9 control and 9 treatment schools following a randomized controlled trial design. We found that the school gardening intervention significantly increased children’s awareness about vegetables, their knowledge about sustainable agriculture, and their preferences for healthier foods. We found an 11.7-percentage point increase in the probability that children included vegetables in their meals (p < 0.05), but not in the number of different fruits or vegetables consumed. These results support the idea that comprehensive school garden interventions, combining gardening with education and promotion, can positively influence food preferences and food behavior in developing countries.     

"国窖·1573"对正常大鼠血压的影响

目的:研究“国窖.1573”对正常大鼠血压的影响。方法:连续灌服52°、45°、38°“国窖.1573”及45°对照酒14d9、0d后通过二道生理记录仪分别测大鼠血压。结果:连续灌服不同度数“国窖.1573”14d后,大鼠血压分别为15.66±2.53kpa、17.10±4.32kpa、16.04±2.42kpa,与生理盐水组(16.04±2.42kpa)比较无差异(P>0.05);连续灌服不同度数“国窖.1573”90d后,大鼠血压分别为16.36±2.17kpa、17.28±3.45kpa、17.04±2.52kpa,与生理盐水组(16.54±2.31kpa)比较无差异(P>0.05)。结论:连续灌服52°、45°3、8°“国窖.1573”14、90d后对正常大鼠动脉血压无影响。     

Acceptability of micronutrient fortified school meals by schoolchildren in rural Himalayan villages of India

This cross-sectional randomized controlled study assessed the social acceptability of micronutrient fortified cooked lunch meals by schoolchildren in rural Himalayan villages of India, in a program where the cooking and the micronutrient fortification were done at school. Subjects were randomly assigned to treatment (91) and control (90) groups. The treatment group consumed a weighed amount of cooked lunch meals fortified with locally produced multi-micronutrient premix and the control group consumed a weighed amount of the same meals but without added micronutrient premix. After having eaten, subjects were asked to rate, on a 3-point Likert scale using "smiley" faces, the pleasantness of smell, taste, and overall satisfaction with the food. The mean age of study children was 7.96 +/- 1.64 y and 48.6% were males. The average amounts of food consumed by the treatment and control groups were 345 +/- 114 and 360 +/- 102.4 g, respectively. Addition of the multi-micronutrient premix to school meals did not significantly affect the mean amount of food consumed by the schoolchildren (P > 0.05; independent sample t-test). No significant differences were seen between treatment and control groups in terms of ratings for taste, smell, and the general acceptance of the micronutrient fortified or the unfortified school meals. In conclusion, the addition of a multiple micronutrient premix to school meals was well liked by schoolchildren and did not adversely affect their food consumption.     

Regional study of nutritional status of urban primary schoolchildren. 2. West Jakarta and Bogor, Indonesia

The study provides information on the nutritional status of 8- to 10-year-old primary schoolchildren in urban areas of Jakarta and Bogor, Indonesia, based on anthropometric indicators. It compares the use of the anthropometric indicators weight-for-age Z score, height-for-age Z score, weight-for-height Z score, and body mass index (BMI) to assess thinness (underweight and wasted) and overweight in children. A total of 1,367 children were examined. The nutritional status of the 8- to 10-year urban schoolchildren was better than that of urban children under 5 years old. The prevalence of underweight among urban schoolchildren ranged from 7.4% (girls) to 12.95% (boys), while underweight among urban children under 5 years old in 1998 was 29.7%. Meanwhile, the prevalence of overweight (BMI > 85th percentile) ranged from 15.3% (girls) to 17.8% (boys). There were more overweight children in the private schools than in the public schools. On average, private schoolchildren, of all ages and both sexes, were heavier and taller than public schoolchildren. The BMI indicator for "thinness" and "wasting", using the NHANES reference, indicates a false positive result. For detecting overweight in children aged 8 to 10 years, BMI is comparable to the other indices, weight-for-age, height-for-age, and weight-for-height.     

The application of artificial protein premixes for nutritive support of patients with chronic renal insufficiency, being treated by perinateal dialysis

As a result of a survey of 56 patients with chronic renal insufficiency, who undergone hemodialysis, it was established, that clinical condition of patients, biochemical and hematological blood indices as well as results of anthropometric research improve upon application of artificial balanced high-protein premixes -"Nutrinil" and "Nutrien-Nefro". Irrespective of way of administration - introperitoneal ("Nutrinil" solution) or enteral ("Nutrien-Nefro" mixture) protein-energetic insufficiency diminishes or totally disappears, body weight, fat and muscle content of the body weight, as well as indices of whole protein, albumine, lymphocytes, haemoglobin, pH approache the norm. Intraperitoneal way of administration of artificial protein premixes increase patients adherence to this procedure, though enteral way of their administration is more preferable from economic point of view.     

The evaluation of the efficacy of a 6-month vitaminization of schoolchildren in grades 1 to 8 in the city of Baku]

Investigations were conducted in 110 schoolchildren aged 7-10 and 11-14 years. They had received insufficiently balanced traditional nutrition deficient in animal proteins, vegetable oils, calcium, and, especially, in vitamins. Excretion of ascorbic acid, thiamine, riboflavine, N1-HA was decreased as compared to the lower standard limits 3.5-1.9 times in 85-90% of schoolchildren aged 7-14 years, microsymptoms of vitamin deficiency (including polyvitamin deficiency) were noted in 33-53% of the children. Administration of varying doses of "Undevitum" (0.5, 1 and 1.5 dragees/day) has shown that for normalization of vitamin status, decreasing morbidity rate and improvement of their mental capacity, the schoolchildren of 1-4 forms should receive 1 dragee and those of 5-8 forms--1.5 dragee of "Undevitum"/day as an optimum dose.     

小学生运动体表热湿变化对校服设计的影响

在校服设计中,学生在各种活动中的生理变化特征是非常重要的影响因素。为更好地了解小学生运动生理变化对校服设计的影响,开展了一系列相关实验性工作：50名小学生完成坐姿休息、原地踏步、快速跑步三种动作,在完成每个动作的过程中,其体表胸部、腋窝等8个不同部位的温度湿度数据将被收集。通过对获取数据的分析,研究结果表明：休息状态下体表温度值最大,相对湿度最低;而跑步状态下的体表温度值最小,相对湿度最大。其中腋窝、胸部、背部以及颈部是温湿度表现最为明显的部位。正是依据这些实验结果,不同运动生理特征对校服面料特性以及结构设计的影响被详细分析,最后对校服功能性设计提出了建议。     

Effect of supplementary intake of vitamins for 6 months on physical and mental work capacity of children beginning school education at the age of 6 years

The authors have estimated the influence of polyvitamin intake on mental and physical working capacity of schoolchildren beginning their study from 6 years. A total of 74 children were under observation. They were divided into 2 groups: control (30 children) who were not given vitamins, and the main group (44 children) who received Undevitum (1/2 capsule, 2 times/day) during 6 months of the winter-spring period. It was found that already after 3 months of vitamin intake children studying in kindergartens or at school demonstrated increased number of letters looked through, muscle strength, decreased number of mistakes after introduction of a differential component. At the same time no favourable changes were recorded in the control group who did not receive vitamins. Six months after the beginning of vitamin intake the number of letters looked through by the children in the main group was higher by 22-37% than in the control group, the muscle strength was higher by 37-40%, the fatigue limit--by 113-119%, while the latent period of visual-motor reactions was lower by 25-30%, and that of audio-motor reactions--by 12-14%, as compared to the control group.     

The provision of vitamins to school children in rural regions of Lithuania]

Providing with vitamins of schoolchildren was studied in some regions of Lithuania during the winter-spring period. The biochemical blood count has revealed insufficient providing of schoolchildren with ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, vitamins B1, B2 and B6. Decreased levels of ascorbic acid in urine, as well as micro-symptoms of hypovitaminosis (ascorbic acid, thiamine and riboflavine deficiencies) have been recorded.     

Dependence of pancreatic amylase secretion on the amylolytic activity of the duodenal contents

Pancreatic amylase secretion stimulated by intraduodenal administration of acidified (up to pH 2.0) hydrolysine was evaluated in acute experiments on dogs. Bicarbonates, protein, amylase, lipase, and proteinase were assayed in the juice. Renal excretion of amylase and amylolytic activity of blood plasma were determined during the experiment. Intraduodenal administration of pancreatic amylase decreased amylase secretion by the pancreas and did not influence the secretion of bicarbonates and other enzymes. Administration into the duodenum of amylase with its inhibitor eliminated the effect of selective inhibition of pancreatic amylase secretion. Amylolytic activity of the blood was unchanged, while the renal amylase excretion increased.