Effects of prophylactic vitamin administration of physical fitness of schoolchildren in the Arctic Regions]

The effectiveness of prophylactic vitamin administration to schoolchildren in the Arctic region was evaluated in the biochemical investigation of schoolchildren by the assay of vitamins C, A, E, B1, B2, B6, B12 and folic acid in their blood serum before and after "Undevitum" intake. Deficiency of a number of vitamins was detected. It was shown that regular consumption of multivitamin "Undevitum" produced a positive effect on the parameters of their physical activity, the highest effect was observed in children with the normotensive reaction to loading, and it was less expressed in those with pathological hemodynamic reactions to the loading.     

Results of prophylactic vitamin administration of schoolchildren in Tbilisi]

The data are presented on providing with vitamins of schoolchildren in Tbilisi. Significant disorders were revealed in their providing with vitamins due to insufficient content of vitamins in daily food rations of the schoolchildren investigated. To correct their vitamin status an additional vitamin administration to schoolchildren with the multivitamin compound "Hexavitum" was conducted and its positive effect on the parameters of their physical and mental development was recorded.     

Biochemical indicators of vitamin provision to Orenburg's schoolchildren and effectiveness of prophylactic vitamin administration]

The study of providing with vitamins of schoolchildren in Orenburg conducted in the spring of 1985-1986 has revealed decreased content of ascorbic acid in 92%, vitamin E in 62%, vitamin A in 39%, folic acid in 38%, vitamin B12 in 14% of the children, the incidence rate of vitamin deficiency among the children in the senior forms was higher as compared to that in the junior forms and in boys it was more frequent than in girls. Additional intake of multivitamin "Undevitum" by schoolchildren during 2-4 months led to a significant improvement of their providing with vitamins that was expressed in normal vitamin levels and elimination of cases of deep vitamin deficiency.     

Evaluation of the effectiveness of prophylactic vitamin administration to school children in Moscow]

The influence of prophylactic vitamin administration to schoolchildren in Moscow was studied basing on the parameters of their providing with vitamins, physical development and health. It was established that as a result of prophylactic vitamin administration of "Undevitum" during 6 months the morbidity rate (especially, of acute respiratory diseases) decreased that produced a definite economic effect. The prophylactic vitamin administration to schoolchildren in the winter-spring period has been recommended.     

Effects of the preparation Undevit on the indicators of vitamin provision of Norilsk's schoolchildren]

The effect of the prophylactic use of multivitamin "Undevitum" on parameters of vitamin providing of schoolchildren in Norilsk was studied. The results of the investigation showed a positive effect of the prophylactic vitamin administration on providing with vitamins of schoolchildren in Norilsk and proved the necessity of conducting mass vitamin administration to schoolchildren.     

The vitamin allowance of the pupils in a rural vocational and technical school and their prophylactic vitaminization]

The actual nutrition and providing with vitamins C and B1 was studied in boys aged 16-17 years, students of a rural trade school (Volsk of Saratov Province). Although the caloric value of their ration was high enough the content of animal proteins was only 42-48 g/day. The content of ascorbic acid in the ration comprised 48%, in the spring of 1987 it was 17%, and of 1988-29% of the recommended standard, vitamin B1 levels did not show seasonal differences. Vitamin C and B1 deficiencies in the spring were proved by their low excretion levels in urine, and by a low concentration of vitamin C and decreased activity of B1-dependent enzyme transketolase in the blood. Intake of "Undevitum" (1 dragee/day) during 4 months was conductive to the improvement of the student providing with vitamins.     

Dynamics of mental and physical capacities of Moscow's schoolchildren administered vitamins]

Mental and physical capacities were studied in schoolchildren aged 6-10, 11-13 and 14-17 years in the autumn-spring period during vitamin administration of "Undevitum". The six-month vitamin administration produced a positive effect on the functional state of the schoolchildren that was expressed in the improvement of their mental and physical capacity parameters.     

Increasing the effectiveness of thiamine by its administration together with methionine and vitamin E]

The influence of methionine and vitamin E, compounds intensifying thiol metabolism, on thiamine-phosphate level and thiamine-dependent dehydrogenase activity was studied in the liver of rats with varying thiamine providing: in case of its alimentary deficiency, and intensified thiamine consumption due to rat feeding with high-carbohydrate food. Methionine administration to vitamin B1-deficient rats led to a significant rise in thiamine-phosphate content and normalized alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase acidity and non-protein SH-group level. Combined administration of thiamine with methionine and vitamin E increased the level of parameters studied. Methionine and vitamin E administered with thiamine intensified the regulatory action of thiamine on pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in the animals fed high-carbohydrate ration.     

Nutritional status of workers from the viewpoint of their physical development

A total of 5665 workers of food and light industry were studied according to the investigation program on nutritional state during 1979-1983. Height, chest diameter, body mass and somatotype of each examinee (according to the Stremgren index) were determined. The contingent of workers studied was represented by age groups in decades from 18 to 70 years. While analyzing the nutritional state they were divided into 9 categories. The weight ranging from -10 to +9% of the optimal weight was considered to be normal. Men working in food industry showed increasing age groups having overweight beginning from 31-40 years of age. The percentage of women with overweight working in food industry was from 52.91 to 83.44. Obese women constituted a high percent. A similar nutritional state was recorded in women working in light industry: 90.38% had overweight at the age of 51-60 years. The analysis of the body mass among the eldest men and women, especially, (60-70 years) shows that those with lower body weight are more capable of working at the age of pension.     

镁对烤烟生长发育和生理特性的影响

采用水培方法,研究了镁水平对烤烟生长发育和生理特性的影响.结果显示:镁浓度小于4 mmol/L时,对烤烟株高、最大叶面积和茎粗有明显促进作用,当镁浓度超过8 mmol/L时,烟株生长发育受剑抑制;缺镁和高镁均能使烟草叶片叶绿素含量显著降低.适量的镁(<4 mmol/L)能增强烟株根系活力和CAT活性,各处理团棵期的根系活力和CAT活性最高.SOD活性和MDA含量均随镁浓度的增加先降低后升高,各处理SOD活性随生育期的推迟而降低,而MDA含量刚好相反.随镁水平的提高,各时期的POD活性均下降,且各处理的活性均以团棵期为最高;镁浓度为8 mmol/L时,旺长期的NR和ATPase活性最高.     

Dietary and physical activity patterns of 8- to 10-year-old urban schoolchildren in Manila,Philippines

This report is the second part of a study on the nutrition of urban schoolchildren in the city of Manila; the first part was on nutritional status. The primary purpose of the study was to gather data that will assist authorities in planning and implementing nutrition education programs focused on the growing problem of obesity and overweight in children. The study included 1,208 children 8 to 10 years of age, who were randomly selected from all public and private schools in the city of Manila. Data on the children's dietary and physical activity patterns, together with information on nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes, and preferences of the children and their parents, were gathered by interviews and self-administered questionnaires. There were distinct differences in dietary and physical activity patterns between the two groups of children. Children from private schools, who are generally of higher socioeconomic status than those from public schools, tended to consume more total food, more animal foods, fats, and oils, and more beverages, resulting in higher intakes of calories, protein, iron, and vitamin A than public schoolchildren. Moreover, children from private schools were apparently less physically active, were more likely to be driven to school instead of walking, and were more likely to prefer television and computer games over outdoor games. These differences agree with an earlier report on the nutritional status of the children as determined by anthropometry, which showed a higher proportion of overnutrition and a lower proportion of undernutrition among private schoolchildren than among public schoolchildren. Although the emphasis in public schools should be on prevention and control of undernutrition in children, private schools should begin to look at the emerging problem of overnutrition and the role of physical activity programs in the health of children. The information on the knowledge, attitudes, and preferences of the children and their parents showed that parents or guardians, teachers, and television influence the nutritional practices of schoolchildren. These groups should therefore be the major targets for nutrition education programs meant to improve the nutrition and health of schoolchildren.     

Effect of administration of vitamin E and selenium during the dry period on mammary health and milk cell counts in dairy ewes

The effect of parenteral administration of two subcutaneous injections of vitamin E and Se (5 mg and 0.1 mg/kg of body weight, respectively) during the dry period on the mammary health and milk somatic cell counts of 25 dairy ewes was investigated. Supplementation reduced somatic cell counts (5.4 vs. 6.0 log10) during the subsequent lactation but had no effect on the incidence of clinical mastitis (4% vs. 6%) and intramammary infections (9.0% vs. 11.3%). Furthermore, the administration of vitamin E and Se was associated with differences in differential cell counts of milk samples (macrophages, 48.8% vs. 38.4%; polymorphonuclear neutrophils, 40.1% vs. 50.7%; and eosinophils, 0.7% vs. 1.4% for control ewes and ewes receiving supplements, respectively). The administration of these supplements also increased erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity (139.5 vs. 86.3 U/ml of packed cell volume) and the percentage of blood neutrophils that reduced nitroblue tetrazolium after bacterial extract stimulation (48.6% vs. 38.7%). Parenteral administration of vitamin E and Se to ewes during the dry period appeared to have influenced mammary gland status during the subsequent lactation and particularly total and differential milk cell counts.     

Meloxicam administration either prior to or after parturition: Effects on behavior,health, and production in dairy cows

Parturition is often a stressful period, when the incidence of disease is high after calving, which has been associated with an uncontrolled inflammatory response. Therefore, the objective of this study was to test the effect of the administration of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (meloxicam) on the behavior, health, and production of peripartum cows. Meloxicam was dosed at 1 mg/kg of body weight, and an empty gel capsule served as a placebo. Both were administered orally with a balling gun. Dairy cows and heifers were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups: (1) meloxicam administration before calving, with a placebo administered after calving (MEL-PRE, n = 60), (2) placebo administered before calving, and meloxicam administered after calving (MEL-POST, n = 69), and (3) a placebo administered before calving and after calving (CTL, n = 65). To identify imminent calving events, a vaginal thermometer was inserted approximately 2 wk before the expected calving date and a drop in temperature was used to identify cows close to calving. Calving events were monitored via video cameras, and the amount of time that elapsed between the appearance of the amniotic sac at the vulva until delivery of the calf was used to determine calving difficulty score. Eutocic calving events were defined as cows that calved in ≤70 min, and dystocia was defined as cows that took longer than 70 min to calve. Milk yield and components were measured for the first 15 wk of lactation and accelerometers were used to record activity and lying behaviors. The effects of treatment, breed, parity, calving difficulty, and, when applicable, a repeated measure, along with interaction terms, were analyzed in mixed models. Regardless of the time of administration, dystocic cattle that received meloxicam were less active than dystocic CTL. Dystocic animals displayed more lying bouts on the day of calving and then displayed fewer lying bouts and were less active during the days following calving. No effect of treatment was noted on any health outcomes. Eutocic MEL-PRE animals produced 6.8 kg/d more milk than eutocic CTL. Regardless of calving difficulty, MEL-PRE animals produced more milk fat, protein, and lactose (kg/d) than CTL. In conclusion, meloxicam administration before calving appears promising in increasing milk yield in eutocic cows.     

The vitamin and mineral composition of the diets of adolescent schoolchildren in the Far North

Screening examination of pupils in 13-16 ages of Nadym by method of 24h.dietary interrogatory detected complex vitamin insufficiency and imbalance of mineral composition of juveniles diets. It was showed necessity of correction of pupils nutrition which are living in the conditions of the Far North.     

Effects of supplemental vitamin A or beta-carotene during the dry period and early lactation on udder health.

Effects of vitamin A or beta-carotene supplementation during the dry period and early lactation on the frequency of new intramammary infection and clinical mastitis and on SCC and milk yield were examined. Eighty-two Holstein cows were randomly assigned to one of three groups: 1) 50,000 IU/d of vitamin A per cow (approximately equivalent to 1978 NRC recommended daily intake for dairy cows); 2) 170,000 IU/d of vitamin A per cow; or 3) 50,000 IU/d of vitamin A plus 300 mg of beta-carotene per cow. Cows were supplemented during the 2 wk before drying off, throughout the dry period, and for the first 6 wk of lactation. Concentrations of serum vitamin A did not differ among treatment groups but tended to decrease for all treatment groups from 14 d before drying off to calving. After calving, serum vitamin A tended to increase in all groups through wk 6 of lactation. Serum beta-carotene tended to be higher in beta-carotene-supplemented cows at dry-off, in the early dry period, and again during lactation. Serum beta-carotene decreased sharply in all groups during the prepartum period. The frequency of clinical mastitis and of new intramammary infection during the dry period, near parturition, and for the first 6 wk of lactation did not differ among treatment groups. The percentage of quarters newly infected over the entire trial was 26.8 in the control, 25.0 in the high vitamin A, and 30.6 in the beta-carotene group. Pathogens isolated most frequently were coagulase-negative staphylococci, streptococci other than Streptococcus agalactiae, and coliforms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

维生素E对猪肉品质的影响

主要介绍维生素E独特的抗氧化作用,以及维生素E是如何支持肉类的稳定性。此外,还介绍了维生素E的作用方式,添加要求和功效。     

Effects of intraruminal administration of polyol to sheep

In-vitro incubations were used to study the effect of intraruminal administration of a mixture of the polyhydric alcohols, arabinitol, xylitol, galactitiol, mannitol and sorbitol, on fermentation pattern and the fate of the polyhydric alcohols. Incubations were carried out with rumen fluid taken from sheep before receiving polyol and after 2 and 3 weeks of intraruminal administration of 2.12 g polyol DM/kg live wt.^0.75 per day to observe effects of adaptation. Inclusion of polyol in incubations with unadapted rumen fluid had little effect on the volatile fatty acid pattern. However, with adaptation there was a shift in the fermentation pattern in the presence of polyol towards a higher acetate: propionate ratio. The hexitols rapidly disappeared in all the incubations, while the pentitols were more resistant to fermentation. Significantly faster fermentation of arabinitol by rumen fluid from sheep which had received polyol indicated that adaptation had taken place. In the incubations with adapted microbes, xylitol was significantly more resistant to fermentation than arabinitol; after 6 h incubation, approximately half the xylitol and only one fifth of the arabinitol remained unfermented. Analysis of duodenal digesta from adapted sheep which were receiving polyol showed that most of the small amount of pentitol which entered the small intestine did so within 2–3 h of dosing. Despite the apparent resistance of pentitols to rumen fermentation, only 1.0% of the arabinitol and 1.8% of the xylitol in the daily dose entered the small intestine.