高校图书馆书架的人机工程学应用

文章从人机工程学的角度分析书架设计的各个要素:即人体尺寸、功能、材质、色彩、采光照明五个要素,探讨高校图书馆书架与人机工程学的关系,力求寻找能够满足读者需要的书架设计方法。同时也为高校图书馆书架的设计提出相应的设计原则,为读者和馆员提供一个美观、舒适、高效、安全的学习及工作环境,努力达到人——机——环境系统的完美结合。     

机械设计中的人机工程学

本文先介绍了人机工程学的概念、发展现状以及怎样在设计中注意运用人机工程学,又从我们日常生活各方面举例论证了人机工程学对我们生活的重要影响,提出了人机工程学已经成为机械设计过程中十分重要的一个考虑因素。     

工业设计中人机工程学应用的发展探研

近年来,学校的人机工程学专业逐渐成为热门专业。因为,现代人的生活充满许多贴近生活和符合人类需要的产品。人机工程学便是以人的需求和追求为基准,设计产品来提高人们的高质量生活,作为朝阳专业,人机工程学在工业设计中的发展是十分突出的。本文将以探讨工业设计中人机工程学应用的发展为话题而展开讨论。     

基于人机学的网页设计发展需求的探讨

对新环境下网络发展趋势及人机工程学学科特点进行分析,简述了人机工程学应用于网页设计的必要性,总结出在人机学指导下网页设计的发展需求,其中涉及了网页诚信和网页无障碍等内容。     

人机工程分析在驾驶舱设计改进中的应用

随着人机工程学在产品设计中的应用日益广泛,对产品的人性化设计成为设计领域一个新的革命。本文根据人机工程学的相关理论和方法,通过现场主观操作评价和RAMSIS软件仿真分析相结合,分析了某型叉车驾驶舱中的整体空间布局、人机信息界面及操控装置的排列等方面的人机因素,并进行了舒适性、伸及性、操作空间及视野等方面的校核,对设计的不足之处进行总结,用于后续开发设计之中。     

汽车头颈保护系统设计

对头颈保护系统的设计主要考虑的是人机工程学的合理与否,满足功能要求是首要目的,同时符合人机工程学原理,充分考虑特定环境下的用户的状态,并给予合理的保护。设计中体现的主要设计出发点是关怀,关怀是设计的目的。     

包装容器造型人机分析

对包装容器造型设计进行了人机分析及应用,分析了包装容器造型设计中的人体测量尺寸问题、握力问题、使用动作和功能以及容器材料和色彩问题。通过包装容器造型人机分析为人机工程学在包装容器造型设计中的运用提供了研究方向。     

基于人机工程学的人体、机器与环境的和谐共处

通过介绍人机工程学的历史背景和发展现状,分析欧美国家对人机工程学的重视及对肌肉骨骼疾病的预防措施。通过权威数据和图示解释全面分析人机工程学对日常工作学习的影响、预防骨骼肌肉疾病的有效措施并提出人机工程学教育未来研究发展的趋势。     

基于人机工程学的数字图像精度选择设定

人机工程学基于对人的生理特性的研究,继而指导工业设计和商业设计的相关应用。视觉精度的不同要求,决定了数字图像的原始精度要求。应用人机工程学的研究数据,便于选择更合适的数字图像的精度。从视力、视角和临场感的要求出发,可以得出相应的图像像素数要求。     

基于Solidworks的人机工程学CAD二次开发

基于Solidworks造型平台,以VC++为二次开发工具研制了产品形态的人机工程学CAD软件。实现了人机工程学标准人体数据的查询、辅助设计人体模型的建立和人机信息的实时获取,并实现了通过人体模型对产品尺寸进行驱动设计的方法。文章介绍了该人机CAD软件模块的基本功能和结构,论述了各工具集具体功能的实现方法。     

Ergonomic problems in ship control

This is the first of two papers concerned with the application of ergonomics in marine systems. Ergonomics problems in ship control will be discussed in this paper, and a subsequent paper, by D.M. Anderson, will illustrate the contributions of ergonomics to bridge design by means of a case study. Ergonomics problems in ship control are identified with basic human limitations in perception, decision making and control. Ergonomics can make immediate contributions towards minimising many of these difficulties. Guidance can also be provided in the development of new marine systems to overcome the human limitations of the mariner.     

Real-world effectiveness of Ergonomic methods

The way ahead with the practical development and application of Ergonomic methods is through a better anticipation and appreciation of changes to system effectiveness and human work that will be incurred through the introduction of new technologies to the workplace. These improvements will involve an improved awareness by the system of the working context and environment. The argued future is with improvements in the handling and use of knowledge by systems. The development of suitable Ergonomics methods, or the careful adaptation of existing methods, should accompany any technological revolution. Moreover, future methods are needed that are specifically developed to be applicable to the real time study of work considering both work context and the amalgamation of results from the use of many diverse methods throughout the design and development life cycle of a system. Part of this process will be a necessary complementation of both quantitative and qualitative methods and guidelines. Another focus should be on creating improved Ergonomics participation within multidisciplinary system design and development environments throughout the system's life cycle. Only through this avenue can Ergonomics show a consistent and valued contribution to quality design and its development. In parallel to such a contribution will be an acceptance by other engineering disciplines, managers, and customers that such an application of Ergonomics is cost effective.     

浅谈人体工程学在珠宝首饰设计中的运用

珠宝首饰设计是揉合材料和科技,艺术理论与表达手段所进行的设计,要考虑到人们佩戴时的生理感受及心理感受,即舒适性,装饰性,实用性,健康性甚至娱乐性。人体工程学是指导设计学科进行设计研究的重要科学内容。现在已经有效地运用到空间技术、建筑及室内设计中去。但到目前为止,在首饰设计中的运用还存在很大的研究空间。     

Forty years of IEA: some reflections on the evolution of ergonomics

This paper is the IEA Presidential Address to the 1997 IEA Triennial Congress in Tampere, Finland. The evolution of ergonomics prior to and after the foundation of the International Ergonomics Association in 1957 is reviewed. Ergonomics has broadened from considering work activities to include all types of human activities. The recent introduction of computers has changed many of the premises for work and leisure activities, and cognitive ergonomics is now as important as the ‘biological’ emphasis that was mentioned in the founding documents of IEA. Ergonomics is a science of design. There are three important targets for ergonomics design activity: to improve safety, productivity and operator satisfaction. A systems approach is presented to define how these parameters interact and how they can be measured.     

论“装置型”运动鞋底设计

"装置型"鞋底是在运动鞋底设计了一个特殊构造的装置,它能够在穿着者运动时提供比传统材料型运动鞋更加充裕的缓冲保护和反作用力,并且使鞋的自重更轻盈。"装置型"鞋底结构精巧,形态各异,技术含量高。它已经成为运动鞋设计的重点、商业竞争的重要手段和市场营销的关键卖点。虽然存在缺点和瑕疵,但"装置型"鞋底设计在构型上推陈出新、不断完善,已成为运动鞋发展的主要动力。     

It's a small world after all: contrasting hierarchical and edge networks in a simulated intelligence analysis task

This article presents the rationale behind an important enhancement to a socio-technical model of organisations and teams derived from military research. It combines this with empirical results which take advantage of these enhancements. In Part 1, a new theoretical legacy for the model is developed based on Ergonomics theories and insights. This allows team communications data to be plotted into the model and for it to demonstrate discriminate validity between alternative team structures. Part 2 presents multinational data from the Experimental Laboratory for Investigating Collaboration, Information-sharing, and Trust (ELICIT) community. It was surprising to see that teams in both traditional hierarchical command and control and networked 'peer-to-peer' organisations operate in broadly the same area of the model, a region occupied by networks of communication exhibiting 'small world' properties. Small world networks may be of considerable importance for the Ergonomics analysis of team organisation and performance. PRACTITIONER SUMMARY: This article is themed around macro and systems Ergonomics, and examines the effects of command and control structures. Despite some differences in behaviour and measures of agility, when given the freedom to do so, participants organised themselves into a small world network. This network type has important and interesting implications for the Ergonomics design of teams and organisations.     

Powered domestic lawnmowers: design for safety

The paper describes a detailed accident investigation carried out by the Institute for Consumer Ergonomics for the Consumer Safety Unit at the Department of Trade. As such it serves to illustrate the application of two specific research techniques (i) analysis of product related accident data, and (ii) ergonomics evaluation of current models - and shows how these may be used to help in defining standards and criteria for the design of safer products. The study identified lawnmower features and activities associated with accidents recorded by the Home Accident Surveillance System. Ergonomics appraisal by expert assessment and user trials highlighted hazards associated with currently available powered lawnmowers. Performance criteria for safer design of selected features were developed with the aim of overcoming these hazards. At the end of the study liaison was sought with manufacturers to discuss how the results from the work could be used to effect.     

Ergonomics issues in future systems

The paper starts by discussing some of the historical background to the design of systems and the development of systems thinking, from the perspective of Ergonomics. This is followed by an attempt to describe the likely future for systems design and operation; critical points being that these systems will interoperate with other systems; they will be long-lived; and we cannot afford for them to fail. This leads on to a discussion of complexity and its effects. The paper then goes on to discuss how and why Ergonomics practitioners should be interested in these effects. This includes dealing with intrinsic complexity (inherent in the purposes of the system) and induced complexity (introduced by the the organization, process design and operation of the system), the significance of trust, shared situation awareness and sense-making, the need for excellent communications, the importance of knowledge, experience and governance. Finally, a brief section, pointing to other sources, outlines possible approaches for designing these future systems.     

Ergonomics issues in future systems

The paper starts by discussing some of the historical background to the design of systems and the development of systems thinking, from the perspective of Ergonomics. This is followed by an attempt to describe the likely future for systems design and operation; critical points being that these systems will interoperate with other systems; they will be long-lived; and we cannot afford for them to fail. This leads on to a discussion of complexity and its effects. The paper then goes on to discuss how and why Ergonomics practitioners should be interested in these effects. This includes dealing with intrinsic complexity (inherent in the purposes of the system) and induced complexity (introduced by the the organization, process design and operation of the system), the significance of trust, shared situation awareness and sense-making, the need for excellent communications, the importance of knowledge, experience and governance. Finally, a brief section, pointing to other sources, outlines possible approaches for designing these future systems.