基于Markov随机场模型的纹理图像的缺陷检测

在工业自动化研究中,部件的缺陷检测是非常重要的过程。文中提出了一种基于图像纹理分析的表面缺陷检测方法,图像表面纹理特征是利用Markov随机场模型来描述的,通过学习和聚类分析来检测出纹理图像中有缺陷的区域。试验结果表明,该方法可以有效地描述不同种物质表面的纹理特征,并能准确地检测和定位缺陷。     

形态小波域多尺度马尔可夫模型在纹理图像分割中的应用

针对图像分割中小波域多尺度马尔可夫模型(MRMRF-W)无法有效描述图像非线性特征,提出了一种在形态小波域下的多尺度MRF模型（MRMRF-MW）,实现纹理图像分割。该模型结合了形态小波和MRF各自的优势,能够对图像进行非线性多尺度分解,并在各尺度上进行空间关系建模。通过对两个纹理图像库（Brodatz纹理库、Prague纹理库）中图像的分割实验,验证了该模型的有效性。     

Markov random field texture models

We consider a texture to be a stochastic, possibly periodic, two-dimensional image field. A texture model is a mathematical procedure capable of producing and describing a textured image. We explore the use of Markov random fields as texture models. The binomial model, where each point in the texture has a binomial distribution with parameter controlled by its neighbors and ``number of tries' equal to the number of gray levels, was taken to be the basic model for the analysis. A method of generating samples from the binomial model is given, followed by a theoretical and practical analysis of the method's convergence. Examples show how the parameters of the Markov random field control the strength and direction of the clustering in the image. The power of the binomial model to produce blurry, sharp, line-like, and blob-like textures is demonstrated. Natural texture samples were digitized and their parameters were estimated under the Markov random field model. A hypothesis test was used for an objective assessment of goodness-of-fit under the Markov random field model. Overall, microtextures fit the model well. The estimated parameters of the natural textures were used as input to the generation procedure. The synthetic microtextures closely resembled their real counterparts, while the regular and inhomogeneous textures did not.     

基于非下采样Brushlet和马尔可夫随机场的图像分割

针对传统小波域马尔可夫随机场图像分割算法的纹理图像分割能力的不足,提出一种将非下采样Brushlet变换和马尔可夫随机场相结合的纹理图像分割方法。用非下采样Brushlet变换作为图像分割的特征场,有效地提取纹理图像中的高维奇异信息;利用高斯马尔可夫模型提取特征场的参数,考察图像中的光谱信息以及像素点的空间相关性对分割结果的影响。实验表明,本文算法可以有效地实现纹理图像分割,在检测纹理方向信息和区域一致性上较传统算法有较大的提高。     

应用马尔可夫随机场的金属疲劳断口条带分割

研究了金属疲劳断口图像的分割问题,提出了一种基于马尔可夫随机场（MRF）的金属疲劳断口图像的条带分割方法。由于疲劳断口图像中的纹理记录了整个断裂过程中的受力情况,通过对疲劳断口的条带纹理进行分析可以反演断裂的过程,因此研究疲劳断口图像的分割可以对失效分析有重要的科学价值。文中构造了图像的马尔可夫随机场模型,并且提出了一种基于该模型的图像分割算法。马尔可夫随机场模型是一种描述图像结构的概率模型,能够充分利用图像的空间相关信息,能够实现对低信噪比的金属疲劳断口图像进行条带分割。结果表明算法具有收敛速度快、稳健性好等优点。     

核空间隐马尔可夫随机场图像模糊聚类

针对模糊C均值算法未考虑图像邻域信息,导致其分割效果不好的不足,结合隐马尔可夫随机场和高斯核函数,提出核空间隐马尔可夫随机场模糊C均值聚类算法。引入隐马尔可夫随机场,在目标函数中引入像素的空间邻域信息,使得分割算法对噪声鲁棒性增强;引入核函数,将样本点非线性变换映射到高维特征空间,增强图像分割的抗干扰能力,保持图像的细节信息。对标准灰度图像添加噪声,用以验证算法的性能。视觉效果及分割图像的峰值信噪比均显示,改进算法具有更好的抗噪能力。     

Multispectral random field models for synthesis and analysis ofcolor images

Multispectral extensions to the traditional gray level simultaneous autoregressive (SAR) and Markov random field (MRF) models are considered. Furthermore, a new image model is proposed, the pseudo-Markov model, which retains the characteristics of the multispectral Markov model, yet admits to a simplified parameter estimation method. These models are well-suited to analysis and modeling of color images. For each model considered, procedures are developed for parameter estimation and image synthesis. Experimental results, based on known image models and natural texture samples, substantiate the validity of thee results     

基于改进马尔可夫随机场的钢轨缺陷分割

为提高钢轨缺陷分割对噪声的鲁棒性,提出一种基于改进马尔可夫随机场(MRF)的钢轨缺陷分割方法。利用背景差分法对灰度进行预处理,消除灰度分布不均的干扰。对模糊if-then规则的前提部分采用马尔可夫随机场来利用图像中的空间约束,结果部分指定像素距离图算法,通过使用马尔可夫随机场(MRF)在相邻像素图像之间并入局部空间信息,推导出新的自适应模糊集和MRF相结合的钢轨表面缺陷自动分割方法。建立标准的FCM、GMM和该方法的钢轨缺陷分割对比实验,验证了算法的有效性和优越性。     

基于非下采样Contourlet和MRF的纹理图像分割

提出了一种基于非下采样Contourlet变换(NSCT)和马尔科夫随机场(MRF)相结合的纹理图像分割算法.算法包括两个步骤,首先通过NSCT实现对图像纹理特征的提取,并使用模糊C-均值完成对图像的初始分割;然后将初始分割结果用 MRF模型表示,通过贝叶斯置信传播得到图像的最终分割结果.实验结果表明,对于纹理图像,该方法在分割错误率、区域一致性以及边缘的准确性方面都比传统小波变换的方法有了明显的改善.     

A fast technique for recursive scene matching using pyramids

An algorithm of a fast correlation technique for scene matching using pyramidal image representation is introduced. A mathematical model of the image registration process based on the pyramidal representation of a separable Markov random field is considered in order to evaluate threshold sequence for the algorithm. Experimental results are presented for matching images, both free of noise and corrupted by noise. Theoretical and experimental results given in the paper show that computational efficiency in scene matching could be improved in three orders of magnitude comparatively to the traditional correlation technique.     

Maximum likelihood estimation methods for multispectral randomfield image models

Considers the problem of estimating parameters of multispectral random field (RF) image models using maximum likelihood (ML) methods. For images with an assumed Gaussian distribution, analytical results are developed for multispectral simultaneous autoregressive (MSAR) and Markov random field (MMRF) models which lead to practical procedures for calculating ML estimates. Although previous work has provided least squares methods for parameter estimation, the superiority of the ML method is evidenced by experimental results provided in this work. The effectiveness of multispectral RF models using ML estimates in modeling color texture images is also demonstrated     

MRF model and FRAME model-based unsupervised image segmentation

This paper presents a method for unsupervised segmentation of images consisting of multiple textures. The images under study are modeled by a proposed hierarchical random field model, which has two layers. The first layer is modeled as a Markov Random Field (MRF) representing an unobservable region image and the second layer uses "Filters, Random and Maximum Entropy (Abb. FRAME)" model to represent multiple textures which cover each region. Compared with the traditional Hierarchical Markov Random Field (HMRF), the FRAME can use a bigger neighborhood system and model more complex patterns. The segmentation problem is formulated as Maximum a Posteriori (MAP) estimation according to the Bayesian rule. The iterated conditional modes (ICM) algorithm is carried out to find the solution of the MAP estimation. An algorithm based on the local entropy rate is proposed to simplify the estimation of the parameters of MRF. The parameters of FRAME are estimated by the ExpectationMaximum (EM) algorithm. Finally, an exp     

Markov随机场与Gaussian曲线在MR图像分割中的应用

针对扫描的人脑组织MR图像边缘分辨率低、模糊性大的特点,本文提出了一种基于模糊Markov随机场和Gaussian曲线相结合的MR图像最佳阈值分割方法。该方法通过对图像的像素邻域属性的统计将模糊论引入其中,建立模糊Markov随机场,并利用Gaussian曲线对二维直方图最佳一维投影进行拟合,确定出图像中各脑组织的二维阈值点,在二维直方图上实现对脑组织的分割。通过实验表明,本算法能够有效提高脑组织的分辨率,对噪声的鲁棒性、结果区域的连通性相对于一维Otsu和二维Otsu算法都有了很大的提高。     

Multispectral textured image segmentation using a multi-resolution fuzzy Markov random field model on variable scales in the wavelet domain

This article proposes a new multispectral image texture segmentation algorithm using a multi-resolution fuzzy Markov random field model for a variable scale in the wavelet domain. The algorithm considers multi-scalar information in both vertical and lateral directions. The feature field of the scalable wavelet coefficients is modelled, combining with the fuzzy label field describing the spatially constrained correlations between neighbourhood features to achieve a more accurate parameter estimation. The extended scalable label field models the label data from different scales to obtain more homogeneous areas; image segmentation results are finally obtained according to the Bayesian rule from a coarser to a finer scale. Multispectral texture images and remote-sensing images are used to test the effectiveness of the the proposed method. Segmentation results show that the new method simultaneously presents a better performance in achieving the homogeneity of the region and accuracy of detected boundaries compared with existing image segmentation algorithms.     

Hidden Markov random field models for TCA image analysis

Tooth Cementum Annulation (TCA) is an age estimation method carried out on thin cross sections of the root of mammalian teeth. Age is computed by adding the tooth eruption age to the count of annual incremental lines which are called tooth rings and appear in the cementum band. The number of rings is computed from an intensity (gray scale) image of the cementum band, by estimating the average ring width and then dividing the area of the cementum band by this estimate. The ring width is estimated by modelling the image by a hidden Markov random field, where intensities are assumed to be pixelwise conditionally independent and normally distributed, given a Markov random field of hidden binary labels, representing the“true scene”. To incorporate image macro-features (the long-range dependence among intensities and the quasi-periodicity in the placement of tooth rings), the label random field is defined by an energy function that depends on a parametric Gabor filter, convolved with the true scene. The filter parameter represents the unknown of main interest, i.e. the average width of the rings. The model is estimated through an EM algorithm, relying on the mean field approximation of the hidden label distribution and allows to predict the locations of the rings in the image.     

基于局部最优分析的纺织品瑕疵检测方法

针对复杂的含有周期变化图案的纺织品瑕疵检测,提出改进Markov随机场模型的无监督纺织品瑕疵检测方法.应用随机场实现周期性纺织品图像的瑕疵检测,利用Markov邻域特性,综合判断瑕疵区域.结合周期图像分割,确定Markov随机场最小图像块计算单元,降低算法的计算复杂度.在随机场势函数定义中,综合考虑相邻图像块的差异特性,结合Markov随机场的全局性判断瑕疵点的位置.引入模糊相似关系矩阵概念,求解改进后的模型参数,使所有图像块的局部能量达到最优.实验表明,文中方法对样本的查全率较高.     

Unsupervised image segmentation using a simple MRF model with a new implementation scheme

A simple Markov random field model with a new implementation scheme is proposed for unsupervised image segmentation based on image features. The traditional two-component MRF model for segmentation requires training data to estimate necessary model parameters and is thus unsuitable for unsupervised segmentation. The new implementation scheme solves this problem by introducing a function-based weighting parameter between the two components. Using this method, the simple MRF model is able to automatically estimate model parameters and produce accurate unsupervised segmentation results. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is able to segment various types of images (gray scale, color, texture) and achieves an improvement over the traditional method.     

基于小波域层次Markov模型的图像分割

针对两个状态的有限高斯混合模型逼近小波系数的不足和小波域隐马尔可夫树标号场相互独立的缺点,提出了一种基于小波域层次马尔可夫模型的图像分割算法,这种模型用有限通用混合模型逼近小波系数的分布,使有限高斯混合模型只是其一种特殊情况;在标号场的先验模型确定上,利用马尔可夫模型描述标号场的局部作用关系,给出标号场的具体表达式,克服了小波域马尔可夫树模型标号场相互独立的不足,然后利用贝叶斯准则,给出相应的分割因果算法。该模型不仅具有空域马尔可夫模型有效的递归算法的优点,同时具有小波域隐马尔可夫树模型中的马尔可夫参数变尺度行为。最后用真实的图像和合成图像同几种分割方法进行了对比实验,实验结果表明了本文算法的有效性和优异性。     

飞行器表面矢量场数据动态纹理可视化方法

面向飞行器表面流场数据可视化的应用需求,提出一种基于线性卷积（LIC）及纹理平流（IBFVS）相结合的动态纹理可视化方法。算法通过将IBFVS方法的背景随机噪声替换为LIC纹理方式,结合了LIC纹理结果对比度高及IBFVS方法生成速度快的优势;针对LIC绘制速度慢的不足,利用GPU对曲面矢量场投影并插值,生成规则矢量数据场;用GPU对LIC部分进行并行加速,有效提高了LIC纹理图像产生速度;将LIC结果图像加入到IBFVS进行平流,生成纹理图像,最后加入颜色映射,丰富流场信息。实验结果表明,该方法生成的飞行器表面动态纹理图像对比度高,清晰度强,实时绘制性能好。     

基于惩罚系数自适应修正的SAR图像滤波新算法

合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像存在较强的相干斑点噪声,严重地影响了地物信息的提取与SAR图像的应用效果。提出了一种新的SAR图像斑点噪声滤波算法,该算法以一种基于膜模型的M arkov随机场的近似最优迭代滤波算法(TSPR)为基础,考虑了邻域空间关系对势能函数的影响,并通过在迭代过程中自适应修正惩罚系数,来达到更好的斑点噪声滤波效果。通过对含不同强度斑点噪声的退化图像的对比试验结果来看,该算法在提高处理后图像的信噪比方面,能够取得较TSPR算法更佳的效果。