Flow Control in Six-Strand Billet Continuous Casting Tundish With Different Configurations

A 1∶2.5 scale tundish model was set up in laboratory for a six-strand billet continuous casting tundish with different configurations to investigate fluid flow characteristics under different operational conditions by measuring residence time distribution curves.It was found that minimum residence time,maximum concentration time and average residence time of the three strands on the same side of the tundish with the former configuration under normal operation,that is,six strands were open,were small and non-uniform and the tundish had large dead volume fraction.Vortexes easily formed on the liquid surface in the pouring zone of the tundish.The fluid flow characteristics in the tundish with the optimal turbulence inhibitor and baffles were improved and became less non-uniform among the strands.Vortexes were not found on the pouring zone surface in the optimal tundish.For non-normal operation,that is,one strand was close,it was important to choose which strand to be closed for maintaining flow characteristics of the rest two strands.It was found from this investigation that fluid flow characteristics in the optimal configuration tundish with closing strand 2 were better than those with closing strand 3 on the same side.     

通道式感应加热7流中间包流场的物理模拟

 为解决通道式感应加热7流中间包各流一致性差、第2和第6流钢水停留时间短的问题,通过水模拟试验对该中间包流场进行优化。等温试验结果表明,通过改变通道结构以及添加双挡坝可改善流体的流动状况。与原型结构相比,优化后中间包总体平均停留时间延长了277.8 s,死区比例降低了30.16%,各流一致性得到较大改善。非等温试验表明,感应加热引起的包内自然对流不可忽略,流体经加热从通道流出后会形成明显上升流。通道内外温差越大,中间包各流的一致性越好。针对原型方案,通道内外温差为5 ℃时,中间包内流体停留时间即较无温差时明显延长,死区基本消除。     

四流矩形中间包冲击碗应用水模实验研究

通过四流矩形中间包水模实验,研究了不同结构的冲击碗与不同控流装置的组合对中间包流动特性的影响,并比较了有无冲击碗对中间包流动特性的影响。合理使用适当结构的冲击碗能大大延长近中心流的响应时间,改善各流的流动特性的差异,提高平均停留时间和平均活塞区体积。冲击碗与单坝组合控流效果较好,而冲击碗与单墙单坝组合控流效果较差。提出了针对四流矩形中间包控流装置的优化设计方案。     

Mathematical modelling of the geometry influence of a multiple‐strand tundish on the momentum,heat and mass transfer of steel flow

Simple changes on tundish geometry may lead to significant improvements of transport phenomena of liquid steel in tundishes. In the present case steel flow in a six‐strand billet trough type tundish is mathematically simulated. Numerical results indicate the existence of a high fluid turbulence in the pouring zone and recirculating flows. Steel temperatures in the strands are also different, which from practice it would mean different qualities of billet among the strands. A simple change of design by widening the pouring box improves all the steel flow characteristics. First the turbulence in the pouring box is decreased, the recirculating flows are eliminated and steel temperatures in the six strands become closer to each other. Using a computational technique known as volume of fluid, surface topography of bath including the covering slag was simulated for both types of tundishes. These simulations predicted an open eye of the slag layer for the first tundish while in the second this phenomena was avoided. Thus, it was demonstrated the original hypothesis that small changes in tundish design may lead to a more controlled steel flow.     

四流小方坯中间包结构优化的物理模拟

随着钢铁工业的发展,人们对钢的质量要求越来越高,连铸中间包结构是和连铸坯最终质量形成相关的一个重要因素。试验以某厂四流小方坯中间包为原型,1∶3的比例制作了有机玻璃水模型,在不同的中间包结构下,KCl做示踪剂,采用"刺激—响应"技术测得流体的平均停留时间;黑墨水做显示剂显示流场。试验结果表明:采用"V"型挡墙开两孔时,钢液的平均停留时间短,滞止时间短,死区体积比例大。"V"型挡墙只开上孔时,能够很好的优化中间包,改善钢液的流动状态,使钢液的平均停留时间延长58.85 s,死区体积比例减小10.06%;同时还保证了各流之间的均匀性,即各流之间的温度、成分差异较小。     

薄板坯连铸中间包内抑湍器的模拟研究

控制中间包内钢液的合理流动对夹杂物的排除有重要影响,为此建立了模拟薄板坯连铸中间包流动情况的水模型。通过测定停留时间分布(RTD)曲线,研究了不同组合控流装置对中间包流体流动特性的影响。结果表明,结构及尺寸合理的抑湍器能延长水口响应时间及平均停留时间、提高活塞流区体积分数及降低死区体积分数;抑湍器与单坝组合的控流装置在控制流体流动方面效果极佳,而抑湍器与单墙单坝、单墙双坝组合的控流装置的控流效果不太理想。     

六流小方坯中间包堵流浇注的数值模拟研究

在连铸生产中,时常会因钢水供应不足或设备故障对生产节奏调配而进行堵流操作.以某厂六流小方坯中间包为对象,采用数值模拟的方法,研究了其在堵1流和堵2流浇注的情况下的流场和温度场及夹杂物的去除率,来确定最佳的堵流操作,为现场生产提供理论指导.结果表明,堵1流和堵2流情况下,随着堵流从边缘靠近冲击区,中间包整体平均停留时间分...     

三流方坯连铸中间包结构优化的数值模拟和应用

根据太钢三流220mm×220mm方坯连铸中间包结构和工艺参数,利用ANSYS FLUENT数值模拟软件对该中间包流场和温度场进行模拟研究。结果表明,原型中间包流场不合理,第2流钢液存在短路流和死区,各流一致性较差。优化方案通过在浇注区设立挡墙,形成钢流缓冲区,钢液重新分配,流场一致性得到了大幅度改善。最优方案应用于现场后,相对于原方案第1、2流夹杂物数量分别降低了9.51%、23.52%,流间夹杂物数量差异降低了52. 72%,两流夹杂物数量和流间夹杂物数量差异都明显降低。     

Physical modelling investigation of influence of strand blockage on RTD characteristics in a multistrand tundish

Abstract

In the continuous casting process, the tundish acts as a continuous molten steel distribution vessel. The importance of the tundish during the molten steel delivery becomes more significant when it supplies liquid steel to more than one mould. In the present work, a water model of a six strand billet caster tundish has been used to study the effect of strand blockage on the residence time distribution (RTD) characteristics at the strands. All the experiments were performed under steady state conditions. Potassium chloride was used as a tracer for the study. The effects of blockage on the strand dissimilarity among the open strands were also studied. Both single and dual strand blockage experiments were performed. Blockage of strands deteriorated the RTD characteristics at the open strands. The results reveal the most preferred options for strand blockage when the plant operation needs to do so.     

Flow Characteristics and Inclusion Removal in a Ten-strand Continuous Casting Tundish:Physical Modelling and Industrial Trials

The flow characteristics and inclusion removal in a ten-strand continuous casting tundish were investigated with physical modelling and industrial trials.The results show that,among the strands,the strand with the mini-mum dimensionless time of the first appearance of tracer at the tundish exit appears to be the worst one for inclusion removal,while the strand with the maximum dimensionless mean residence time shows the best inclusion removal efficiency.The inclusion number decreases with increasing inclusion size for all strands.The inclusion number distri-bution among strands is the same for all inclusion sizes and the descending order of inclusion number is basically con-sistent with the ascending order of dimensionless mean residence time among individual strands.However,when the strand with the minimum dimensionless time of the first appearance of tracer at the tundish exit is not the same one with the minimum dimensionless mean residence time,the former seems to be inferior to the latter for inclusion re-moval.     

通道式感应加热五流中间包流场的水力学模拟

 通道式感应加热能有效补偿连铸过程中间包钢水的温降,且具加热效率高、设备简单等优点,是近年来得到快速推广应用的中间包新技术。配置感应加热器后的中间包结构与常规中间包差异较大,其加热通道的设计对中间包流场具有明显影响。针对实际应用的某5流直通道感应加热中间包边部流和中间流温差大、钢水浇铸过热度偏高的问题,通过水模拟试验对该中间包流场进行优化,提出了一种新型的分口通道方案。该方案可将中间包的死区比例由原型的29.50%降低到20.33%,钢水平均停留时间较原型延长了40 s。工业试验表明,分口式新型通道设计中间包各流浇铸温度一致性得到改善,其中边部流和中间流的平均温差较原型降低了3.6 ℃,实现了感应加热中间包应用效果的进一步提升。     

五流非对称结构中间包流动及传热特征数值模拟

为优化某钢厂非对称结构中间包内流体流动、均匀各流钢液温度、延长近水口平均停留时间,以达到提高铸坯质量的目的,对工厂原方案及两个优化方案进行流场、温度场及停留时间的数值模拟计算.结果表明无控流装置的原中间包流动及温度场分布不合理,优化方案有了明显的改善,并确定了最佳方案.     

Molten Steel Flow in a Slab Continuous-casting Tundish

Fields of fluid flow and temperature, and residence time distribution (RTD) curves were investigated by mathematical simulation in a one-strand tundish for continuous casting. It was known from the investigation that a big “spring uprush” formed on surface around the long shroud when molten steel flowed into a turbulence inhibitor (TI) with extending lips and rushed up reversely out of the TI, while four small “spring uprushes” existed on surface when a TI without extending lips because the liquid steel flowed mainly out of the 4 corners of the TI. The flow of liquid steel in the former tundish configuration was not reasonable and the height of an area where temperature was less than 1819 K was about half of liquid surface height on the right side of the stopper, which meant that big dead zone existed in the former tundish configuration. In the optimal one, the height of such area was only seventh of the liquid surface height. The RTD curves obtained from the mathematical simulation basically agreed with those from the physical modeling and the flow characteristics obtained from these two methods agreed with each other.     

两流非对称中间包结构优化与应用研究

采用水模型实验、数值模拟相结合的方法分析了原型中间包和优化中间包在钢流流场、中间包流动特性方面的差异.结果表明:优化中间包2#水口平均停留时间延长了8.0%,两水口流体平均停留时间之差下降了36.3%.流体在优化中间包内流动轨迹更加复杂,延长了流体在中间包内停留时间.通过工业实验证实了优化方案的可行性.工业试验表明:采用圆形湍流控制器加单挡墙组成控流装置的原型中间包,两水口钢液平均温差为5℃,浇注得到的钢坯试样中,140~300μm夹杂物数量为0.7 mg;而采用非对称长方形湍流控制器加多孔挡墙组成控流装置的中间包,两水口钢液平均温差为3℃或2℃,约为原型中间包两水口钢液平均温差的1/2;浇注得到的钢坯试样中,140~300μm夹杂物数量为0.2 mg,约为原型中间包的1/3.说明采用非对称长方形湍流控制器加多孔挡墙组成控流装置的中间包对两水口温度的均一性起到了显著作用,且更能有效地去除钢液中的夹杂物.     

单侧孔长水口优化异型四流中间包流场

采用数值模拟方法研究了不同形式长水口下异型四流中间包的钢液流场和停留时间分布特征.数值结果表明:原型中间包存在较大的死区,各流流动情况存在着巨大的差异,而把直通型长水口替换成单侧孔型长水口之后,中间包死区比例减少,各流流动差异性基本上被消除.在挡墙的左侧产生了旋转流场,有利于夹杂物的碰撞聚合和去除.     

包钢烧结合理利用巴西高硅混合粉实验

摘要：为解决六流H型通道感应加热中间包原型死区比例大,各流一致性差,第3流和第4流钢水短路流的问题,通过水模拟实验对中间包流场进行优化,同时采用数值模拟对中间包温度场进行了模拟。结果表明,在中间包内添加挡坝或在V形挡墙上开导流孔均可改善流体的流动状况。与原型结构相比,优化后的A4方案（V形挡墙上开2个水平倾角分别为36°、44°,孔径105mm,距包底分别为170和510mm的导流孔）总体平均停留时间延长了165s,死区比例降低了23.95%,各流水口之间的最大温差仅为0-5K,一致性显著提高。     

六流H型通道感应加热中间包的结构优化

摘要：为解决六流H型通道感应加热中间包原型死区比例大,各流一致性差,第3流和第4流钢水短路流的问题,通过水模拟实验对中间包流场进行优化,同时采用数值模拟对中间包温度场进行了模拟。结果表明,在中间包内添加挡坝或在V形挡墙上开导流孔均可改善流体的流动状况。与原型结构相比,优化后的A4方案（V形挡墙上开2个水平倾角分别为36°、44°,孔径105mm,距包底分别为170和510mm的导流孔）总体平均停留时间延长了165s,死区比例降低了23.95%,各流水口之间的最大温差仅为0-5K,一致性显著提高。     

首钢小方坯连铸机中间包数值模拟分析

针对首钢160 mm×160 mm方坯连铸机14.5 t中间包建立数学模型,采用流体力学计算软件Fluent对4流异型中间包内钢液流动和温度进行了数值计算,得出中间包钢液流动的速度场、温度场和停留时间分布曲线。计算结果表明,各流最大温度差为8 K,应避免低过热度浇铸;1流死区体积分率为20%略大于其余各流(10%～20%)外,中间包钢水流动参数可以满足生产的需要。     

板坯连铸中间包流场及传热特征模拟研究

对某钢厂现有板坯连铸中间包进行流场模拟研究,研究结果表明,原结构的中间包内钢水停留时间短,死区体积大。通过优化设计使流场得以改善,并用数学模拟的方法进行了流场及传热特征计算,验证了水模试验得到的优化方案的合理性。     

非对称中间包稳态浇铸与换包操作的冶金效果

??To rationally assess and optimize the metallurgical effect of an industrially used three- strand asymmetric tundish?? the mixing characteristics of molten steel with different tundish configurations were investigated by residence time distribution??RTD??curves based on the analysis of fluid flow and temperature distribution at four flow control schemes?? and the behavior of the tundish level was tracked by employing volume- of- fluid??VOF??model. The fluid dynamics behavior of the tundish was studied in term of both steady and unsteady service situations with and without fluid flow control devices?? which made it possible to assess comprehensively the metallurgical effect of the given tundish. The results show that the flow control effect of bare tundish is weak. It is observed that there are distinct short- circuit flow and large proportion of dead zone?? together with the non- uniform temperature distribution and the flow state discrepancy among the three strands?? which will accordingly lead to the quality difference of the bloom castings. The improvements on the fluid flow characteristics and the temperature distribution have been observed in tundish with the combined application of baffles and turbulence inhibitor. The proportion of dead zone is decreased by 13. 28%?? the temperature difference is only 0. 5K among three outlets?? along with an improved fluid flow consistency. Additionally?? studies also show that this arrangement may have large steel level velocity and level fluctuation during ladle change period. That is likely to bring about exposure?? reoxidation and even slag entrainment of molten steel. Attentions should be paid to the control of the ladle change interval?? inlet flowrate and the moment height of liquid level.