《分散—聚合》型脉冲萃取柱中分散相轴向混合的研究

在内径40mm的《分散-聚合》型脉冲萃取柱中,利用“扰动-响应”技术研究了30％TBP(煤油溶液)一0.5N HNO_3水溶液体系的分散相的轴向混合。30％TBP(煤油)为分散相,0.5N HNO_3水溶液为连续相。用实测的分散相停留时间分布曲线,依照扩散模型用时间域最小二乘法求取轴向混合系数。研究范围为:脉冲强度Af,0.9～3.75cm/s,连续相表观流速0.1～0.5cm/s,分散相表观流速0.28-0.84cm/s。结果表明,随着脉沖强度的增大,分散相轴向混合系数E_d通过一个最小值。分散相轴向混合系数E_d随两相流速增大而单调上升。     

规整填料塔液相混合的研究

本文采用点源脉冲示踪的方法考察了装填２５０ Ｙ 型金属板波纹规整填料的填料塔中的轴向及径向返混。在规整填料塔的顶部注入 Ｋ Ｍｎ Ｏ４ 作为示踪剂,从塔的底部的不同径向位置取样。通过最优化方法计算出轴向返混系数 Ｄｚ 和径向返混系数 Ｄｒ,研究了液相和气相对规整填料的返混的影响,并就液相和气相对返混影响做了初步解释。实验结果表明：径向扩散系数和轴向扩散系数随气速和液体流速的增大而增大。得到轴向和径向混合系数的彼克列数（ Ｐｅｚ , Ｐｅｒ） 与液相和气相的表观雷诺数（ Ｒｅ１ , Ｒｅｇ） 的关联式。     

开孔转盘塔(RPDC)连续相流体轴向混合的研究

本文采用非理想脉冲示踪技术,借助于计算机数据采集系统,在无传质条件下对RPDC连续相流体的轴向混合进行了研究。用时间域最小二乘拟合法求取了轴向混合参数,分析了RPDC连续相轴向混合的机理,得到了描述连续相流体轴向混合的数学表达式。     

气体搅拌的萃取塔中轴向混合性质的研究

在内径为50mm的气体搅拌萃取塔中，研究了空气－水－煤油系统的轴向混合特征。实验以水为连续相，煤油为分散相，以空气为搅拌动力源，采用脉冲应答技术，分别测定了连续相和分散相的轴向扩散系数，并讨论了连续相流速、分散相流速、气相流速及在塔内装入静态混合器时对塔内轴向混合性质的影响，得到了在操作范围内的经验关联式。     

转盘萃取塔中连续相轴向混合的研究

根据塔内流体运动规律,分别研究了转盘萃取塔单相流和两相逆流时连续相轴向混合的机理.采用光导纤维测定脉冲示踪的浓度响应,从而得到单相流轴向混合Peclet数和两相逆流时分散相对连续相轴向混合的影响(f_w-△~W)的数学表达式.这些表达式对轴向混合的计算,能从高转盘转速扩展到低转速,并能适用于较广的流速范围.为了分析连续相的轴向混合,对分散相滞留量及分散相液滴直径也作了初步研究,并得出了关联式.     

气体搅拌的萃取塔中轴向混合性质的研究

在内径为50mm的气体搅拌萃取塔中，研究了空气－水－煤油系统的轴向混合特征，实验以水为连续相，煤油为分散相，以空气为搅拌动力源，采用脉冲应答技术，分别测定了连续相和分散相的轴向扩散系数，并讨论了连续相流速，分散相流速，气相流速对在塔内装入静态混合器时对塔内轴向混合性质的影响。     

用时间域最小二乘拟合法研究萃取柱中的轴向混合

本文以非理想脉冲注入的扰动-响应技术,进行萃取柱轴向混合的研究。各种参数估值方法的比较表明,时间域最小二乘拟合法较为精确。本文还讨论了参数估值的不定性问题和计算时间问题。在标准结构的脉冲筛板柱内研究了脉冲振幅和频率对轴向混合系数的影响。     

折流板脉冲萃取柱水力学性能研究

以体积分数30%三烷基氧膦(TRPO)煤油溶液和1 mol/L硝酸溶液为体系,在100 mm折流板脉冲萃取柱中考察了折流板脉冲萃取柱的操作参数(脉冲振幅、脉冲频率、流速和流比)和结构参数(板间距)对其水力学性能(液泛通量、液泛存留分数和正常操作时分散相存留分数)的影响。实验研究表明:液泛通量随着脉冲强度的减小而增大,与流比和板间距无关,并给出其关联式;操作参数和柱结构参数对液泛存留分数的影响均可忽略;正常操作时分散相存留分数与连续相的流速、流比成正比关系,而与脉冲频率无关,并随板间距和脉冲振幅的增大而增大,并给出了分散相存留分数的经验关联式。     

填料塔内气液两相流液相轴向混合的研究

在充填6×6、8×8、10×10,12×12mm四种拉西环的内径为92mm的有机玻璃填料塔中,研究了气液两相流液向的轴向混合。物系为空气-蒸馏水,以脉冲方式注入示踪剂,采用时间域最小二乘法估计参数,塔的操作一直延伸到液泛,实验发现在载点以下,Pe_e不受气相流速的影响,到达载点后,Pe_e与Re_G~(0.478)成正比,分别获得了载点上、下操作条件下计算Pe_e的关系式。     

脉冲筛板萃取塔CFD-PBM模型研究

脉冲筛板萃取塔是核工业等领域中最常用的萃取设备之一，为深入了解脉冲筛板萃取塔中两相流行为规律，使用CFD-PBM模型对脉冲筛板萃取塔中由有机相(30%TBP-正十二烷)、水相(HNO₃水溶液)组成的体系进行两相流过程模拟分析，模拟结果与实验数据吻合较好，分散相存留分数和Sauter平均液滴直径的相对偏差仅为8.28%和5.54%；随脉冲速度增加，Sauter平均液滴直径减小，液滴直径分布更均匀，分散相存留分数增加，特性速度减小；两相表观速度对液滴直径影响较小，分散相表观流速增加有利于提高分散相存留分数，而连续相表观流速影响不大；发生液泛时分散相液泛表观速度随连续相液泛表观速度增大而减小，随脉冲速度增加液泛通量先增后减，存在极值。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。