基于弯曲刚度和扭转刚度的白车身优化分析

随着全球能源的日益紧缺和和制造成本增加,汽车轻量化设计已经成为汽车制造商的主流设计。为了降低白车身的重量,提出了基于刚度灵敏度的方法来实现减重。以处在开发的中后期的某款车为例,利用有限元软件Nastran进行了计算和分析。综合质量灵敏度、刚度灵敏度和优化板件的数量,提出了两种优化方案。并考虑到汽车处在的开发阶段、成本以及整车性能,选取了最佳的优化方案,在不降低汽车性能或者性能降低较小的情况下,实现了车辆的轻量化。最后对优化方案的选用原则和要求进行了总结。     

漂浮基柔性空间机械臂协调运动的非线性鲁棒自适应控制

针对具有外部扰动与参数不确定或未知的情况,讨论漂浮基柔性空间机械臂系统的协调控制与柔性振动抑制问题。基于假设模态法对柔性臂杆进行近似描述,并利用第二类拉格朗日方程与系统动量守恒关系,推导带外部扰动的漂浮基柔性空间机械臂系统的动力学方程。以此为基础,提出漂浮基柔性空间机械臂系统协调运动的非线性鲁棒控制与非线性鲁棒自适应控制方案。此两种控制方案均可克服外部扰动对系统的影响,控制漂浮基柔性空间机械臂系统载体姿态与机械臂各关节铰完成期望的协调运动,同时有效地抑制了臂杆的柔性振动。除此之外,非线性鲁棒自适应控制方案还可以解决系统惯性参数不确定或未知的问题。系统数值仿真结果证实了所提控制方案的有效性和可行性。     

Constrained control of hot air blower system under output delay using globally stable performance-based anti-windup approach

This paper describes the design and implementation of a linear controller with an Anti-Windup Compensator (AWC) for a hot air blower system having output delays, under actuator saturation constraint and noise. Traditional Anti-Windup (AW) schemes for timedelay systems are based on either local stability or global stability with performance restrictions. We modify an existing AWC architecture using a time-delay term in the compensator in order to ensure global stability and performance. It is also shown that the existing Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs) based optimization schemes for AWC, which are derived using the decoupled architecture and coprime factorization, can be applied to the modified AWC architecture. This modified delay independent AWC scheme is applied to a hot air blower system and practical results are discussed. This paper aims to support the industrial application of the modified AWC ensuring global stability and performance, by applying it to a hot air blower system under actuator situation and output delay as well as electrical and thermal noises.     

农机扶手有限元正交优化方法及应用

针对复杂参数结构优化过程中模态分析方案过多问题,结合模态分析和正交试验法的特点,提出有限元正交优化分析方法,通过对结构有限元模态分析方案的正交试验规划,大幅度减少分析样本数量;同时试验数据的分析结果可确定各试验因素的较好水平及各因素对振动性能的影响,通过改变敏感参数来快速实现机械结构振动特性的改变。最后以小型农机扶手为例,将扶手的一阶振动频率由41.7 Hz变为71.379 Hz,避开了人手的敏感频率范围,优化及试验结果证明了该方法的有效性及可行性。     

一种基于非线性流形的滚动轴承复合故障诊断方法

针对滚动轴承振动信号的非平稳以及非线性特点,提出了一种基于非线性流形的滚动轴承复合故障诊断方法。该方法首先提取振动信号的时域指标和小波包频带分解能量所构成的频域指标,组成原始特征空间,采用基于判别准则的邻域因子优化选择算法,运用基于局部切空间排列算法的非线性降维算法对原始特征空间进行学习,极大地保留了信号中内在的整体几何结构信息,从而提取出振动信号最优的敏感故障特征。试验结果表明,与经典的线性降维方法相比,该方法的聚类效果更好。     

卫星飞轮隔振与吸振联合减振系统设计

分析了抑制卫星飞轮振动的方法,提出了隔振为主、吸振为辅的联合减振方案。研究了会聚式隔振系统参数对其减振性能的影响;针对会聚式隔振系统存在的不足,提出了圆周分布式吸振方法和相应的吸振系统,分析表明会聚式隔振系统在4个方向的隔振效率达90%以上。根据会聚式隔振系统在X平动方向隔振效率较低的问题,建立了会聚式隔振和圆周分布式吸振的联合减振系统仿真模型。仿真结果表明,联合减振系统较单纯的隔振系统在X平动方向减振效率提高近50%,且不改变其他方向的减振性能。因此,联合减振设计方法合理可行,适用于卫星飞轮等主要振源的振动抑制,并为飞轮联合减振系统的工程化设计提供了理论支持。     

Model predictive control for systems with fast dynamics using inverse neural models

In this work, a novel model predictive control (MPC) scheme is introduced, by integrating direct and indirect neural control methodologies. The proposed approach makes use of a robust inverse radial basis function (RBF) model taking into account the applicability domain criterion, in order to provide a suitable initial starting point for the optimizer, thus helping to solve the optimization problem faster. The performance of the proposed controller is evaluated on the control of a highly nonlinear system with fast dynamics and compared with different control schemes. Results show that the proposed approach outperforms the rivaling schemes in terms of response; moreover, it solves the optimization problem in less than one sampling period, thus effectively rendering MPC-based controllers capable of handling systems with fast dynamics.     

An improved auto-tuning scheme for PID controllers

An improved auto-tuning scheme is proposed for Ziegler–Nichols (ZN) tuned PID controllers (ZNPIDs), which usually provide excessively large overshoots, not tolerable in most of the situations, for high-order and nonlinear processes. To overcome this limitation ZNPIDs are upgraded by some easily interpretable heuristic rules through an online gain modifying factor defined on the instantaneous process states. This study is an extension of our earlier work [Mudi RK., Dey C. Lee TT. An improved auto-tuning scheme for PI controllers. ISA Trans 2008; 47: 45–52] to ZNPIDs, thereby making the scheme suitable for a wide range of processes and more generalized too. The proposed augmented ZNPID (AZNPID) is tested on various high-order linear and nonlinear dead-time processes with improved performance over ZNPID, refined ZNPID (RZNPID), and other schemes reported in the literature. Stability issues are addressed for linear processes. Robust performance of AZNPID is observed while changing its tunable parameters as well as the process dead-time. The proposed scheme is also implemented on a real time servo-based position control system.     

Real time linear simulation and control for small aircraft turbojet engine

The performance of the aircraft gas turbine engine requires optimization because it is directly related to overall aircraft performance. In this study, a modified DYNGEN, a nolinear dynamic simulation program with component maps of the small aircraft turbojet engine, was used to predict the overall engine performance. Response characteristics of various cases, such as 6%, 5% and 3% rpm step models and the real-time linear model of the interpolation scheme within the operating range were compared. Among them, the real time linear model was selected for the turbojet engine with nonlinear characteristics. Finally control schemes such as PI (Proportional-Integral Controller) and LQR (Linear Quadratic Regulator) were applied to optimize the engine performance. The overshoot of the turbine inlet temperature was effectively eliminated by LQR controller with the proper control gain K.     

Globally linearized control on diabatic continuous stirred tank reactor: a case study

This paper focuses on the promise of globally linearized control (GLC) structure in the realm of strongly nonlinear reactor system control. The proposed nonlinear control strategy is comprised of: (i) an input-output linearizing state feedback law (transformer), (ii) a state observer, and (iii) an external linear controller. The synthesis of discrete-time GLC controller for single-input single-output diabatic continuous stirred tank reactor (DCSTR) has been studied first, followed by the synthesis of feedforward/feedback controller for the same reactor having dead time in process as well as in disturbance. Subsequently, the multivariable GLC structure has been designed and then applied on multi-input multi-output DCSTR system. The simulation study shows high quality performance of the derived nonlinear controllers. The better-performed GLC in conjunction with reduced-order observer has been compared with the conventional proportional integral controller on the example reactor and superior performance has been achieved by the proposed GLC control scheme.     

轻型机械臂的轻量化结构设计优化方法

在轮式移动机器人基础上,开发移动机械臂,设计了一种轻型五自由度机械臂,建立了三维实体模型,以减轻机械臂自身质量为目标,对关键构件进行了减重孔方案设计和结构优化,利用有限元方法计算得到了在不同载荷下不同方案的应力应变规律、模态与振型,对比分析了不同减重方案的优劣性,给出了最优减重方案,为机械臂结构设计提供了理论依据。     

基于主流形识别的非线性时间序列降噪方法及其在故障诊断中的应用

提出了一种新的基于主流形识别的非线性时间序列降噪方法。新的降噪方法将一维时间序列重构到高维相空间,利用非线性降维方法找出动力学系统在相空间中具有全域正交坐标系的低维主流形,然后根据主流形反求一维时间序列,进而达到降噪的目的。对洛伦兹信号进行的数值试验证明,与奇异谱分解等现有非线性分析方法相比,基于主流形识别的降噪方法能更加有效地消除混沌时间序列中的高斯白噪声。将该方法应用于带有断齿故障的齿轮箱振动信号的故障分析中,成功地提取出了淹没在带噪信号中的冲击特征。     

Receding horizon online optimization for torque control of gasoline engines

This paper proposes a model-based nonlinear receding horizon optimal control scheme for the engine torque tracking problem. The controller design directly employs the nonlinear model exploited based on mean-value modeling principle of engine systems without any linearizing reformation, and the online optimization is achieved by applying the Continuation/GMRES (generalized minimum residual) approach. Several receding horizon control schemes are designed to investigate the effects of the integral action and integral gain selection. Simulation analyses and experimental validations are implemented to demonstrate the real-time optimization performance and control effects of the proposed torque tracking controllers.     

一种半主动自参数吸振器的设计与分析研究

文中首先研究了由单摆自参数吸振器和主系统组成的两自由度的自参数振动系统,通过理论分析得到了自参数振动系统的解的形式以及半平凡解的稳定边界;其次,为了充分发挥自参数吸振器的吸振能力,提出半主动控制的方法,通过主动调节单摆的摆长,使其摆的固有频率跟踪主系统的外激励的频率;最后,通过数值仿真验证了被动与半主动单摆自参数吸振器...     

Time-discretization of nonlinear systems with delayed multi-input using Taylor series

This study proposes a new scheme for the sampled-data representation of nonlinear systems with time-delayed multi-input. The proposed scheme is based on the Taylor-series expansion and zero-order hold assumption. The mathematical structure of a new discretization scheme is explored. On the basis of this structure, the sampled-data representation of nonlinear systems including time-delay is derived. The new scheme is applied to nonlinear systems with two inputs and then the delayed multi-input general equation is derived. The resulting time-discretization provides a finite-dimensional representation of nonlinear control systems with time-delay enabling existing controller design techniques to be applied to them. In order to evaluate the tracking performance of the proposed scheme, an algorithm is tested for some of the examples including maneuvering of an automobile and a 2-DOF mechanical system.     

基于遗传算法的多自由度非线性振动的模糊控制方法

由于非线性系统的复杂性,难以得到基于线性控制规律的有效控制方法。本文对于复杂的多自由度非线性振动系统提出了基于遗传传算法的主动模糊控制方法。     

一类多缸液压机的分散滑模控制

通过对一类锻造液压机的分析,在考虑多缸耦合情况下为其建立了非线性系统数学模型.将该模型视为非线性关联大系统,且将其转化为可控正则型,提出采用分散滑模控制理论对其进行滑模变结构控制.针对模型转换后控制方程中状态量与控制量同时具有关联性的特点,提出通过模拟求解一个多元一次方程组的方法,得到了基于指数趋近律的分散滑模控制律,有效解决了多缸耦合情况下控制律难于求解的问题.仿真结果表明,所设计的控制器使系统实现了高精度的位置跟踪,获得了较强的抗扰性,控制效果良好,且所提方法思路清晰,为同类模型的控制方案提供了参考.     

基于供油优化的双螺杆压缩机降噪试验研究

基于螺杆压缩机机体辐射噪声的产生机理,选取最易识别且具有代表性的压缩机体振动作为响应量,针对供油参数变化对某型号双螺杆制冷压缩机机体振动和性能的影响,开展了DOE试验研究,识别出了主要影响因子.对两组优化供油参数进行了实际机组测试验证,分别获得了5 dB及6.5 dB的整机噪声降低量,及下浮分别为0.07％,0.8％的...     

装载机驾驶室非线性减振系统试验与优化

以某型装载机驾驶室减振系统为研究对象,通过优化解决了驾驶室振动过大和驾驶舒适性差的问题。以实测的车架振动信号为输入激励,根据驾驶室实际结构简化了驾驶室-座椅-人体的非线性减振系统模型,驾驶室和座椅的垂向振动加速度均方根值的模型输出值和实车试验值最大误差不超过6%。以驾驶室和座椅的垂向加速度均方根值为目标,使用遗传算法进行多目标优化,将优化结果代入模型来验证优化前后的驾驶室与座椅的减振性能。实车试验表明,改进后驾驶室垂向加速度的均方根值减小16%,座椅垂向加速度的均方根值减小53%。     

基于多目标满意度的车身轻量化方案优选

为实现车身不同轻量化方案的有效优选,提出了一种基于多目标满意度决策机理的车身轻量化方案优选方法。该方法以不同方案对应性能分析数据为基础,以质量减轻、成本降低和性能改善为目标,估测各目标对方案优选的权重,建立车身轻量化方案优选的多目标优化。基于多目标满意度决策机理,对不同方案进行综合评价,得到的综合满意度最大的方案经验证合格即为优选的轻量化方案。以车身发动机罩板为例,验证了所提方案的有效性。