三亚Ka波段卫星遥感信号降雨衰减的研究

Ka波段卫星下行遥感信号受降雨衰减影响严重,在设计信道链路和执行遥感数据接收任务时,需要考虑Ka波段雨衰问题。基于国际电信联盟无线电通信部门(ITU-R)提供的雨衰模型,结合三亚某地面站Ka波段卫星遥感数据接收设备,利用Matlab处理时间概率0.01%的降雨量数据,模拟三亚Ka波段卫星下行信号的降雨衰减率,分析降雨衰减值随天线接收仰角的变化,为设计三亚Ka波段下行信道抗雨衰余量提供了参考。同时结合自动气象站降雨观测数据,研究不同等级降雨量时的雨衰情况,为制定三亚Ka波段卫星遥感信号应对雨衰的措施提供了依据。     

基于进化神经网络的地空路径雨衰减模型

雨衰减对工作在高频的地空通信链路稳定性具有很大影响。本文在考虑多个参数对雨衰减非线性影响的基础上,建立了基于进化神经网络的雨衰模型,并与ITU－R模型进行了比较。结果表明,利用本文提出的模型进行高频电波的预测具有更好的精度,可降低平均误差0.64dB,并减小标准偏差0.79bD,为雨衰减预测提供了一种新的方法。     

Ka 波段卫星通信雨衰问题的研究

介绍了影响雨衰的要素以及常用的雨衰预测模型---IT U-R模型,通过IT U-R雨衰预测模型,以扬州地区为例计算了雨衰大小,并通过M atlab进行仿真,分析了海拔高度、卫星纬度以及信号频率对卫星通信系统的降雨衰减特性的影响。     

毫米波大规模MIMO技术与海上雨衰模型综述

将毫米波大规模多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)技术应用于海上通信中,可以提供相比传统海上通信更高的传输速率和更多的通信服务。采用基于毫米波大规模MIMO技术的通信基站进行海上通信时,降雨衰减不可忽略。预测性能良好的雨衰预测模型是考虑降雨问题的关键。从降雨衰减预测模型、大规模MIMO技术、毫米波通信、无线电波海上衰减特性四个方面阐述了相关原理与国内外研究现状,分析了上述研究方面与雨衰相结合的技术特点与未来发展趋势,为研究雨衰模型应用于毫米波大规模MIMO海上通信提供了理论参考。     

我国典型地区事件需求型雨衰序列的研究

在卫星通信中,随着采用信号的频段越来越高,降雨造成的影响也越来越严重,需要采用自适应衰落削减技术来对抗降雨造成的衰减。衰落削减技术的设计和优化需要在传播信道中降雨衰减特性的基础上进行,针对计算机模拟降雨衰减时间序列进行研究,提出了面向事件需求型模型并进行了仿真验证,最后对我国其他典型地区的雨衰序列进行了仿真。研究结果表明,该雨衰序列合成模型符合实验测试结果。     

雨滴的衰落截面模型和参数估计

以国际无线电协会推荐的雨衰公式和Weibull雨滴谱为基础,得出了雨滴衰减截面的统计模型,模型具有简单实用的特点;由模型所得结果、结论与有关文献完全一致.     

紫外光在雨中的传输衰减研究

针对目前雨中衰减模型在紫外光波段的适用局限性,介绍了考虑雨滴对光传输的遮挡作用时光的传输衰减模型,通过与Modtran数据及相关文献比较验证了模型在紫外光波段的适用性,分析了降雨时影响紫外光衰减的主要因素,表明降雨时能见度对紫外光的衰减影响较大,并结合实际的降雨情况考虑能见度的影响提出了紫外光在雨中的传输衰减计算模型。     

基于雨胞分布的视距链路雨衰减预报模型

基于指数雨胞分布,推导得到路径调整因子,提出了一种新的视距链路雨衰减预报模型.利用ITU-R视距链路雨衰减数据库数据回归得到了预报模型中的参数.通过和ITU-R模型以及近几年发展的几种雨衰减模型比较表明,这一模型较其他模型具有更好的预测精度.     

长春和新乡雨衰时间序列的马尔科夫链模拟

基于马尔科夫理论建立的N阶马尔科夫链模型,模拟了长春和新乡地区的降雨衰减时间序列,比较了长春和新乡地区单个模拟和实测雨衰时间序列的概率分布;分别统计了长春和新乡地区50组模拟雨衰时间序列的百分概率分布,并与国际电信联盟无线电通信研究组(ITU-R)提供的卫星轨道位置为92°E、频率为12.5GHz在线极化情况下长春和新乡雨区不同降雨衰减值下的时间百分概率进行了比较,一致性很好,从而验证了N阶马尔可夫链模型在中国部分地区的可用性。模拟结果对我国在Ku及以上频段通信卫星的抗衰落技术的发展具有重要的应用价值。     

武警卫星通信系统的雨衰估算及分析

由于雨衰是影响卫星通信的重要因素,根据武警部队卫星通信网建设的需要,基于ITU-R制定的雨衰计算模型,选取6个典型城市进行雨衰计算,得到雨衰对Ku波段卫星通信系统的影响,分析得出地星路径仰角越小,海拔越低,降雨率越大,降雨造成的信号衰减越大。     

Ka频段卫星通信系统降雨衰减分析

Ka频段卫星通信因其具有可提供的带宽大(3.5GHz)、通信容量大、波束窄、终端尺寸小,轨道平面内可容纳的卫星多和抗干扰能力强等优势成为未来卫星通信的必然趋势。Ka频段卫星通信面临的一个巨大挑战在于它受气象因素的影响大,这一度使研究人员认为Ka频段卫星通信是不可能实现的。降雨、闪烁、大气吸收等因素都会导致Ka频段地空链路信道质量的恶化。根据Ka频段卫星通信的特点,分析了降雨衰减的特性,提出了几种抗雨衰的办法。     

Comparative analysis and performance of two predictive fadedetection schemes for Ka-band fade countermeasures

The design of Ka-band satellite fade countermeasure (FCM) systems is conditioned by the detection/prediction algorithm to be included within practical DSP-based FCM controllers. It depends upon the ability of systems to efficiently integrate the dynamic and stochastic nature of the Ka-band fading process which is dominated by rain attenuation and amplitude scintillation. The paper analyzes the modeling and statistical performance of two predictive fade detection algorithms. Prediction is introduced as a way to minimize the impact of the finite response time on the BER/throughput of practical FCM systems. Both fixed (FDM) and variable (VDM) detection margin strategies are introduced and compared in terms of their margin requirements, FCM utilization factor, and channel capacity utilization. The VDM is shown to be more efficient than its fixed counterpart. The long-term BER availability and average user data throughput of a VDM/fixed-FEC/adaptive transmission rate FCM are then evaluated for a typical low-power low-rate Ka-band in-bound VSAT link     

Channel characterization and modeling for Ka-band very smallaperture terminals

An increasing number of commercial applications are being promoted for future Ka-band satellite communication systems. Many of these systems will involve low-margin very small aperture terminals (VSATs). These systems are subject to important atmospheric propagation degradations that affect the quality of transmission and the link availability. The objective of this paper is to characterize the Ka-band channel and evaluate the performance degradation in VSATs resulting from atmospheric propagation, impairments. In particular microwave propagation through a turbulent atmosphere is discussed, and the statistical characterization and modeling of tropospheric scintillation is reviewed. Moreover, the paper extends the method proposed by Filip and Vilar (1990) for the long-term characterization and modeling of the combined effect of rain impairments and scintillation. Specifically, the increase in noise temperature during rain events is added to the Filip-Vilar model. This leads to a five-parameter global fading distribution that is used to predict typical Ka-band satellite link outage time, the mathematical formalism is illustrated by applying the method to the selected case of the Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS)-Georgia Tech experimental downlink. Numerical results confirm that both rain impairments and scintillation are important factors in the design of Ka-band VSAT systems     

AN ADAPTIVE FEC SCHEME FOR Ka-BAND SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS

Rain attenuation is the major problem for Ka-band satellite communications, and the fading due to rain can be well described by a lognormally distributed, first-order autoregressive model. Forward Error-control Coding (FEC) techniques can be used to reduce the effect of the rain attenuation, but the use of FEC causes a reduction in the bandwidth efficiency. In order to increase the bandwidth efficiency as well as maintain high link availability, an Adaptive Forward Error-control Coding (AFEC) scheme with rain fading prediction is proposed and analyzed in this paper. The results show that AFEC offers a good trade-off between link availability and bandwidth efficiency.     

雨衰卫星链路质量的一种优化估计算法

本文提出一种雨衰信道Eb/N0的优化估计算法。利用维持比译码器提供纠错个数的功能可以估计BER，结合一个有效的雨衰预测模型，本算法预测出最优估计时间，以此估计出雨衰信道的Eb/N0值和雨衰值。     

Optimum utilization of the channel capacity of a satellite link inthe presence of amplitude scintillations and rain attenuation

By considering the global fading process on the link caused by rain attenuation and amplitude scintillations, particularly at K_a band, it is possible to derive a long-term statistical model of the satellite channel capacity. The four-parameter distribution, which combines amplitude scintillations and rain fade within an up/down link system, is presented. Also presented are the degradation (and improvement) of bit error rate (BER) in the presence of amplitude scintillations, thus complementing the flat fade effect due to rain only. By implementation of adaptive communication systems, a more efficient channel capacity utilization is possible. The concepts and the use of novel analytical expressions combining a log-normal model of rain fade with a Moulsley-Vilar distribution for scintillations are illustrated. These are then applied to a very-small-aperture terminal (VSAT) example of a 29/19-GHz digital communications link through the Olympus satellite using M-ary phase shift keying (PSK) modulation schemes     

基于数值天气预报预测电波雨衰的关键问题分析

随着Ka频段卫星通信产品的推广应用,降雨衰减在卫星通信系统中的影响越来越大。经典雨衰预测方法利用年固定时间百分比降雨率数据计算,在卫星通信系统设计中发挥了重要作用,但并不能用于天气对全网各节点的影响分析。随着气象科技的不断进步,小时降水量预报不断精细,使得在特定通信保障任务中评估预测各节点雨衰值成为可能。在充分介绍了经典雨衰模型ITU-R和数值天气预报的基础上,从降雨率换算、降雨率平均化、雨顶高度判定三个角度出发,提出了构建基于降水预报数据雨衰预报模型的关键问题,并指出了相关改进方法。     

Land mobile satellite channel measurements and modeling

This paper, tutorial in nature, describes the effort of many investigators who have and still are conducting channel measurements and modeling for land mobile satellite communications. Various channel measurement results, ranging from ultrahigh frequency to Ka-band, are given. Many statistical channel models and simplified models that have been developed are referred to. Some of the models are applicable to geostationary and nongeostationary communications satellites. A statistical model developed by Loo (1985) is described in detail, as well as its extension to modeling land mobile satellite communications at Ka-band. This was accomplished by including a Gaussian probability density function to account for weather conditions. Also, practical computer-generated statistical channel models are given. These computer models should facilitate the estimation of performance of satellite communications systems     

Rain-induced attenuation for Ku-band satellite communications in the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia, Penang

Accurate rainfall rate is important for predicting rain attenuation over a satellite link. Raindrops are able to take in, spread out, and change the polarization of satellite signals that pass through the atmosphere of the earth, especially in equatorial regions like Malaysia where heavy rainfall normally occurs. Satellite communications system network operating at Ku-Band will experience rain fade due to absorption and scattering of signal. This paper aims to discuss the range of effects of rain on the transmission of electromagnetic signal and to determine the significance of rainfall rate in the prediction of rain attenuation based on measurements carried out in the northern region of Peninsular Malaysia (Penang). At 0.01% of time, 140?mm/h and 22?dB of rain rate and attenuation were observed, respectively.     

Ka-band propagation measurements: an opportunity with the AdvancedCommunications Technology Satellite (ACTS)

The Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS) was conceived at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as a follow on program to its long history in satellite communications projects that have reduced the risk of developing new technologies that fall outside the sponsorship capability of the private sector. To counter the foreign challenge that developed in the late 1970's to the once insuperable US lead in this field, ACTS was developed to maintain the US preeminence. Launched in September 1993 from the space shuttle, key technologies on ACTS include a multibeam antenna, a baseband processor, a 900 MHz wideband microwave switch matrix, adaptive rain fade compensation techniques, and the use of Ka-band frequencies. Since this is the United States' first effort in using Ka-band for satellite communications, beacons are incorporated on the satellite, which provide an opportunity for propagation measurements. NASA is sponsoring a network of propagation experimenters using these beacons and receive-only terminals identical in design. This paper provides some history that leads to the eventual development of ACTS. Also, a system overview of the spacecraft is provided for those less familiar with it