耐高温活性干酵母发酵小麦淀粉生产酒精的工艺研究

以小麦淀粉为原料，耐高温活性酵母为发酵菌种发酵生产酒精的工艺，结果表明，当糖化酶用量≥100 μ/g,m(小麦淀粉)：m(H2O)=1：2—1：3，接种量为0．2％，并采用分段变温发酵操作，即0—12 h，发酵温度35℃；12—24 h，发酵温度40℃；24h-结束，温度35℃。在此条件下，糖化率≥90％，发酵醪酒精浓度12．4％。     

无酵母生淀粉酒精发酵的研究

利用根霉—3(Rhizopus—3)麸曲进行无酵母生淀粉酒精发酵研究。以生玉米淀粉为原料,无酵母酒精发酵醪液酒度8.5％(v/v,20℃),淀粉利用率84.87％。研究了该工艺过程中的一些条件。发现发酵终产物乙醇对生淀粉糖化酶的活性有抑制作用。生淀粉的糖化是该过程的限速步骤。15gRhizopus—3鲜曲的酒化力与10ml酒母相当。发酵时添加一定量的α-淀粉酶、纤维素酶或果胶酶有协同作用,可提高淀粉利用率。同时探讨了无酵母生淀粉酒精发酵的机制,认为选育具有高活性生淀粉糖化酶和酒化酶等复合酶系的菌种是关键问题。     

茯苓酒发酵工艺研究

研究以茯芩发酵液、蔗糖为主要原料，用发酵法生产茯芩酒。通过单因素试验确定发酵温度30℃，发酵时间4d。通过正交试验对发酵条件进行优化，结果表明：蔗糖浓度22％，茯芩发酵液装量80％，发酵起始pH3．0-3．5，酵母接种量10％。制得的茯芩酒中酒精舍量11％，总糖6．3g甩，还原糖2．42g／L，总酸3．47g/L，可溶性无盐固形物97％，游离氨基氮81．9mg／L，该茯芩酒色泽金黄，酒香纯正。     

小麦B淀粉一步酶解产糖优化及酒精发酵

以小麦B淀粉为原料,优化其一步酶解制备可发酵糖的工艺及后续酿酒酵母发酵生产酒精,提高其利用价值。首先对小麦B淀粉基本组分含量进行测定,其次使用α-淀粉酶和糖化酶组成复合酶对小麦B淀粉进行一步酶解制备可发酵糖,详细考察复合酶用量、料液比、酶解温度、酶解时间及pH对还原糖得率影响,对以上参数进行正交优化,获得酶解最佳工艺条件,最后利用酿酒酵母发酵所得酶解糖液生产酒精。结果表明,小麦B淀粉中淀粉含量85.61%,蛋白质和灰分含量都达到2%左右,戊聚糖含量接近5%,通过正交优化确定酶解产糖最佳条件为复合酶用量4 mL,料液比1:25 g/mL,酶解温度60℃,酶解时间10 h,pH5.0,在此条件下还原糖得率达到94.6%。利用酵母发酵产酒精,最终酒精浓度达到12.76 g/L,酒精原料得率为31.90%。本研究为小麦B淀粉制备酒精工艺提供参考。     

青梅果酒发酵工艺优化

以青梅为原料,在料液比为1：2的条件下,采用单因素试验和正交实验,进行青梅果酒人工发酵工艺优化。实验结果表明,青梅在1：2的料液比奈件下,酵母接种量为5％,氯化铵添加量为0．4％,果糖添加量为2．5％,果胶酶用量80mg／kg,SO2用量80mg／L,发酵液pH3．5,28℃发酵,静止发酵7d;青梅出酒率为260．1％,酒精度10．2％vol,黄酮类化合物含量达141．48mg／L,成品酒呈浅黄色,具有青梅自然色泽和清新浓郁的青梅果实天然香气．口味纯正、透明清澈、总黄酮含量高、营养丰富。     

多菌种混合发酵猪血的研究

采用产血红蛋白酶能力强的诱变蜡样芽孢杆菌菌株Lact5．IH．8与产蛋白酶的枯草芽孢杆菌菌株W11、N14及分解碳水化合物的酿酒酵母混合发酵新鲜猪血，生产猪血水解多肽。对混合发酵的接种量、发酵温度、发酵时间、玉米粉添加量进行了研究。结果表明：多茵种混合发酵的接种量分别为Lact5．IH．82％（V：V）、W11，0．5％（V：V）、N14，0．5％（V：V）、酿酒酵母0．2％（V，：V）；最适发酵温度为33℃，发酵时间为60h，玉米粉添加量为300g／L。     

生料酿酒用微生物的分离与筛选

研究了生料酿酒用微生物的分离与筛选，从4种洒曲中分离得到了7株糖化菌和4株酵母菌，以各菌株胞外糖化酶对糊化淀粉、生淀粉的糖化能力以及生淀粉对糖化酶的吸附率为参数对各菌株的酶活进行了实验，同时对酵母的发酵能力进行了比较实验。结果表明：根霉1号，根霉2号和黑曲霉1号具有较强的生淀粉水解能力，它们对糊化淀粉的酶活力分别为458．02U／g、321．93U／g和358．51U／g；对生淀粉的酶活力分别为240．5U／g，207．6U／g和11218．5U／g：生淀粉对它们的吸附率为49．95％、68．71％和46．37％；对酵母的酒精度发酵实验表明酵母2号和酵母4号具有较强的发酵产酒精能力。     

新会柑果醋的研究

为进一步拓宽新会柑深度加工，以新会柑为原料，经发酵制成保健果醋，以解决新会柑果肉被大量浪费的问题。试验对果胶酶处理、酒精发酵、醋酸发酵的适宜工艺条件进行了研究，采用正交实验法，确定了较好的工艺参数：果胶酶处理，酶加入量0．04％，酶解温度60℃，酶解时间60min。酒精发酵，起始总糖度为16％，初酸度在酶解柑桔汁的自然酸度下（pH4．2左右），酵母菌接种量为5％，28℃发酵72h。醋酸发酵，初始酒精度70／／（V／V），醋酸菌接种量13％，30℃发酵120h。     

安琪超级酿酒干酵母在酒精浓醪发酵中的应用

采用安琪超级酿酒干酵母，以玉米、木薯为原料的酒精浓醪发酵，最佳工艺条件为：①液化条件：耐高温α-淀粉酶10～20μ／g，60～70℃润料30min，90～95℃液化90min；②糖化条件：糖化酶100～200u／g，无糖化；③pH：4．0～5．0；④发酵温度：30～35℃；⑤酵母接种量：实验室小试接种量为原料的0．2％，中试接种量0．05％～0．1％，大生产接种量在0．02％～0．05％。采用双酶法连续发酵工艺，要求原料粉碎细，料水比适当（1：2．3～2．5）。（小凡）     

晌应面法优化沙棘果酒发酵条件的研究

以沙棘汁为原料,自选酵母菌Y23作为菌种进行发酵,通过单因素试验选取温度、SO2用量、接种量、发酵时间为主要因素,根据Box-Benhnken中心组合试验设计原理,采用响应面分析法确定沙棘果酒最优发酵工艺条件。结果表明：沙棘果酒发酵最佳工艺条件为：温度28．4℃、SO2用量88mg／L、接种量12％、发酵时间9．5d,在此条件下沙棘果酒的酒精度为（11．2±0．2）％（V：V）。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press