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1.
Liang Zhang Song-bai Xue Li-li Gao Zhong Sheng Guang Zeng Yan Chen Sheng-lin Yu 《Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics》2010,21(6):635-642
For quad flat packages (QFP256), lead-free soldered joints reliability in service is a critical issue. In this paper, soldering
experiments of quad flat package (QFP256) devices were carried out by means of infrared reflow soldering system with Sn–3.8Ag–0.7Cu
and Sn–3.8Ag–0.7Cu–0.03Ce lead-free solders, respectively, and the mechanical properties of micro-joints of the QFP devices
were tested and studied by STR micro-joints tester. The results indicate that the tensile strength of Sn–Ag–Cu–Ce soldered
joints is better than that of Sn–Ag–Cu soldered joints. In particular, the addition of trace Ce to the Sn–Ag–Cu solder can
refine the microstructures and decrease the thickness of the intermetallic compound layer of Sn–Ag–Cu solder alloys. In addition,
the stress–strain response of Sn–Ag–Cu/Sn–Ag–Cu–Ce soldered joints in quad flat packaging was investigated using finite element
method based on Garofalo–Arrhenius model. The simulated results indicate creep distribution of soldered joints is not uniform,
the heel and toe of soldered joints, the area between soldered joints and leads are the creep concentrated sites. The creep
strain of Sn–Ag–Cu–Ce soldered joints is lower than that of Sn–Ag–Cu soldered joints. 相似文献
2.
The subcritical crack growth resistance in water of a Y–Si–Al–O and Y–Si–Al–O–N glasses has been investigated with three point bending experiments. It has been shown that the SCG behaviour of the Y–Si–Al–O–N glass is superior to that of the Y–Si–Al–O glass. This is reflected by the power law exponent n which is 21 for the Y–Si–Al–O glass and 63 for the Y–Si–Al–O–N glass. Mechanistic implications of these observations are discussed. 相似文献
3.
Sinn-Wen Chen Chao-Hong Wang Shih-Kang Lin Chen-Nan Chiu 《Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics》2007,18(1-3):19-37
Replacing Pb–Sn with Pb-free solders is one of the most important issues in the electronic industry. Melting, dissolution,
solidification and interfacial reactions are encountered in the soldering processes. Phase diagrams contain equilibrium phase
information and are important for the understanding and prediction of phase transformation and reactive phase formation at
the solder joints. This study reviews the available phase diagrams of the promising Pb-free solders, and their related materials
systems. The solders are Sn–Ag, Sn–Cu, Sn–Ag–Cu, Sn–Zn, Sn–Bi, Sn–In and Sn–Sb. The materials systems are the solders with
the Ag, Au, Cu, Ni substrates, such as Sn–Ag–Au, Sn–Ag–Ni, Sn–Cu–Au, and Sn–Cu–Ni ternary systems. For the Pb-free solders
and their related ternary and quaternary systems, preliminary phase equilibria information is available; however, complete
and reliable phase diagrams over the entire compositional and temperature ranges of soldering interests are lacking. 相似文献
4.
N. L Tawfik 《Journal of Materials Science》1997,32(11):2997-3000
Continuous uniform ribbons of Al–16 Si, Al–12.5 Si–1 Ni and Al–12.5 Si–1 Mg were prepared by melt spinning. Microhardness
was measured. The as-melt spun values were 1280, 1370 and 1500 MN m-2 which relax on thermal ageing to 700, 700 and 800 MN
m-2 for Al–16 Si, Al–Si–Ni and Al–Si–Mg, respectively. The hardness values of the melt spun ribbons are higher than the as-cast
rods from which the ribbons were produced by a factor ranging from 1.8–2.2 times. Tensile testing at room temperature shows
that the load–elongation curves are linear with a change of slope occurring in some of the specimens. These curves also show
serrations in the case of as-melt spun and the intermediately annealed Al–Si specimens, while no serration was observed in
the fully annealed samples. No serration was observed in the Al–Si–Ni and Al–Si–Mg alloys. UTS values were 420, 270 and 100
MN m-2 for Al–16 Si, Al–Si–Ni and Al–Si–Mg, respectively. These values show that the rapid solidification process improved
the tensile properties significantly in Al–16 Si and Al–Si–Ni alloys while no significant improvement can be detected for
Al–Si–Mg alloy. A discussion is given on hardness relaxation and tensile testing results in terms of silicon precipitation.
This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
Evolution of interfacial phase formation in Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu/Cu (wt%), Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu–0.1Ni/Cu, Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu/Cu–15Zn, and
Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu–0.1Ni/Cu–15Zn solder joints are investigated. Doping Ni in the solder joint can suppress the growth of Cu3Sn and alter the morphology of the interfacial intermetallic compounds (IMCs), however it shows rapid growth of (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 at the Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu–0.1Ni/Cu interface. In comparison with the Cu substrates, the Cu–Zn substrates effectively suppress
the formation of Cu–Sn IMCs. Among these four solder joints, the Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu–0.1Ni/Cu–15Zn solder joint exhibits the thinnest
IMC, and only (Cu,Ni)6(Sn,Zn)5 formed at the interface after aging. It is revealed that the presence of Ni acts to enhance the effect of Zn on the suppression
of Cu–Sn IMCs in the SAC305–0.1Ni/Cu–15Zn solder joint. The limited formation of IMCs is related to the elemental redistribution
at the joint interfaces during aging. The Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu–0.1Ni/Cu–15Zn joint can act as a stabilized interconnection due to
the effective suppression of interfacial reaction. 相似文献
6.
Influence of granulated blast furnace slag on the reaction,structure and properties of fly ash based geopolymer 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) has been used to alter the geopolymerisation behaviour of fly ash. The influence
of varying amount of GBFS (5–50%) on the reaction kinetics has been studied using isothermal conduction calorimetry. It was
observed that the reaction at 27 °C is dominated by the GBFS activation, whereas the reaction at 60 °C is due to combined
interaction of fly ash and GBFS. The reaction product of geopolymerisation has been characterised using X-ray diffraction
and scanning electron microscopy–X-ray microanalysis. Alumino–silicate–hydrate (A–S–H) and calcium–silicate–hydrate (C–S–H)
gels with varying Si/Al and Ca/Si ratio are found to be the main reaction products. Coexistence of A–S–H and C–S–H gel further
indicates the interaction of fly ash and GBFS during geopolymerisation. Attempt has been made to relate the microstructure
with the properties of the geopolymers. 相似文献
7.
Jun Wang Liguo Wang Shaokang Guan Shijie Zhu Chenxing Ren Shusen Hou 《Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine》2010,21(7):2001-2008
Magnesium alloy stent has been employed in animal and clinical experiment in recent years. It has been verified to be biocompatible
and degradable due to corrosion after being implanted into blood vessel. Mg–Y–Gd–Nd alloy is usually used to construct an
absorbable magnesium alloy stent. However, the corrosion resistant of as cast Mg–Y–Gd–Nd alloy is poor relatively and the
control of corrosion rate is difficult. Aiming at the requirement of endovascular stent in clinic, a new biomedical Mg–Zn–Y–Nd
alloy with low Zn and Y content (Zn/Y atom ratio 6) was designed, which exists quasicrystals to improve its corrosion resistance.
Additionally, sub-rapid solidification processing was applied for preparation of corrosion-resisting Mg–Zn–Y–Nd and Mg–Y–Gd–Nd
alloys. Compared with the as cast sample, the corrosion behavior of alloys in dynamic simulated body fluid (SBF) (the speed
of body fluid: 16 ml/800 ml min−1) was investigated. The results show that as sub-rapid solidification Mg–Zn–Y–Nd alloy has the better corrosion resistance
in dynamic SBF due to grain refinement and fine dispersion distribution of the quasicrystals and intermetallic compounds in
α-Mg matrix. In the as cast sample, both Mg–Zn–Y–Nd and Mg–Y–Gd–Nd alloys exhibit poor corrosion resistance. Mg–Zn–Y–Nd alloy
by sub-rapid solidification processing provides excellent corrosion resistance in dynamic SBF, which open a new window for
biomedical materials design, especially for vascular stent application. 相似文献
8.
The effect of minor additions of As, Sb and P on phase distribution and corrosion behavior has been studied in brasses. The
alloys investigated were 60Cu–39Zn–1Pb, 48.95Cu–45Zn–5Pb–1Sn–0.05As, 48.90Cu–45Zn–5Pb–1Sn–0.05As–0.05Sb and 48.85Cu–45Zn–5Pb–1Sn–0.05As–0.05Sb–0.05P.
Immersion tests in 1% CuCl2 solution indicated that the addition of As improved corrosion resistance while the combined addition of As + Sb and As + Sb + P
was not beneficial. The hardness increased significantly with the addition of As, Sb and P. Microstructural observations indicated
an increase in β phase fraction in the As, Sb and P containing alloys. X-ray diffraction studies confirmed the formation of
intermetallic compounds in As, Sb and P containing alloys. Based on the microstructural observations, the intermetallic compounds
appear to be primarily precipitated in the β phase with As + Sb and As + Sb + P additions. The lower corrosion resistance
of the alloys 48.90Cu–45Zn–5Pb–1Sn–0.05As–0.05Sb and 48.85Cu–45Zn–5Pb–1Sn–0.05As–0.05Sb–0.05P has been related to increase
in β phase volume fraction and precipitation of intermetallic compounds in the β phase. 相似文献
9.
An investigation of the wettability of the intermetallic compound NiAl by a liquid Ni–4.5 wt% Si–3.2 wt% B filler metal is
presented in this paper. Dynamic observations of spreading of Ni–Si–B droplets, conducted using hot-stage light microscopy,
are correlated with post-cooling microscopy and analysis. The paper examines the influence of the oxide layer on the NiAl
substrates, on the progression of spreading of the Ni–Si–B liquid. Termination of spreading of the Ni–Si–B droplets by the
onset of isothermal solidification at the spreading front is considered.
Spreading of the Ni–Si–B droplets was found to be rapid until the onset of isothermal solidification at the spreading front.
However, once isothermal solidification commenced, negligible further spreading was observed. The Ni–Si–B filler metal was
observed to spread by undermining of the substrate oxide. However, a marked reaction occurred between the substrate oxide
and the Ni–Si–B filler metal. This reaction served to remove the substrate oxide layer. The paper contrasts the mechanisms
of substrate oxide undermining and isothermal solidification of liquid Ni–Si–B droplets on NiAl with those occurring during
the spreading of the same liquid on pure nickel and Ni–Cr alloys.
This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
10.
Mixed Al–Ag–Cu and Al–Ag–Cu–Ti powders were used as interlayers for transient liquid phase diffusion bonding (TLP bonding)
of SiC particulate reinforced 2618 aluminum alloy matrix composite (SiCp/2618Al MMC). The results show that by using mixed
Al–Ag–Cu powder with the eutectic composition as an interlayer, SiCp/2618Al MMC can be TLP bonded at 540 °C, however, the
joining layer is porous. Adding a certain amount of titanium into the Al–Ag–Cu interlayer, the TLP bonding quality can be
improved. The titanium added into the Al–Ag–Cu interlayer has an effect of shortening the solidification time of the joining
layer, thus decreasing SiC particles from the parent materials entering into the joining layer. The joints bonded using Al–Ag–Cu–Ti
interlayers have a maximum shear strength of 101 MPa when 2.1% titanium is added. 相似文献
11.
Sn–8Zn–3Bi solder paste was applied as a medium to joint Sn–3.2Ag–0.5Cu solder balls and Cu/Ni/Au metallized ball grid array
substrates at 210 °C. Sn–Ag–Cu joints without Sn–Zn–Bi addition were also conducted for comparison. The shear behavior of
the specimens was investigated after multiple reflow and thermal aging. For each strength test, more than 40 solder balls
were sheared. The shear strength of Sn–Ag–Cu specimens kept constant ranging from 15.5 ± 1.3 N (single reflow) to 16.2 ± 1.0 N
(ten reflows) and the fractures occurred in the solder. Shear strength of Sn–Ag–Cu/Sn–Zn–Bi specimens fell from 15.9 ± 1.7 N
(single reflow) to 13.4 ± 1.6 N (ten reflows). After single reflow, Sn–Ag–Cu/Sn–Zn–Bi specimens fractured in the solder along
Ag–Au–Cu–Zn intermetallic compounds and at Ni metallization. After ten reflows, fractures occurred in the solder and at solder/Ni–Sn–Cu–Zn
intermetallic compound interface. The shear strengths of the Sn–Ag–Cu and Sn–Ag–Cu/Sn–Zn–Bi packages changed little after
aging at 150 °C. Sn–Ag–Cu/Sn–Zn–Bi joints kept higher strength than Sn–Ag–Cu joints. Sn–Ag–Cu joints fractured in the solder
after aging. But the fractures of Sn–Ag–Cu/Sn–Zn–Bi specimens shifted to the solder with aging time. 相似文献
12.
The influence of Zirconium on the grain refinement performance of Al–Ti–C master alloys and the effect mechanism has been
studied in this paper. The experimental results show that Zr not only results in poisoning the Al–Ti–B master alloy, but also
poisons the Al–Ti–C master alloys. The poisoning effect is more obvious at higher melting temperature. When 0.12%Zr is added
into the melt, the grain refinement performance of Al–5Ti–0.4C refiner with 0.2% addition level absolutely disappears at 800 °C.
The experimental results also show that it is difficult to refine the commercial purity Al containing 0.15%Zr by Al–5Ti–0.4C
master alloy. Further experiments show that the Zr element can interact with both TiAl3 and TiC phases. If both of them are present, Zr preferentially reacts with TiAl3 phase. 相似文献
13.
Shing-Hoa Wang Hao-Hsun Lee Chih-Yuan Chen Jer-Ren Yang Chin-Hai Kao 《Journal of Materials Science》2009,44(2):408-413
The creep resistance of SP700 (Ti–4.5Al–3V–2Mo–2Fe) is superior to Ti–6–4 (Ti–6Al–4V) at 500 °C under a constant load corresponding
to an initial stress of 100 MPa. The β phase grains in the SP700 alloy prefer to orient along the loading axis in contrast
to the Ti–6–4 alloy. The grain growth occurs during the stress drop incubation period. The observation of different amounts
of negative creep/anelasticity upon loading is closely associated with the difference in the amount of grain/subgrain coarsening. 相似文献
14.
Aditya M. Vora 《Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics》2010,83(5):1070-1079
On the basis of the Percus–Yevick hard-sphere model as a reference system and the Gibbs–Bogoliubov inequality, a thermodynamic
perturbation method is applied with the use of the well-known model potential. By applying a variational method, the hard-core
diameters are found which correspond to a minimum free energy. With this procedure, the thermodynamic properties such as the
internal energy, entropy, Helmholtz free energy, entropy of mixing, and heat of mixing are computed for liquid NaK binary
systems. The influence of the local-field correction functions of Hartree, Taylor, Ichimaru–Utsumi, Farid–Heine–Engel–Robertson,
and Sarkar–Sen–Haldar–Roy is also investigated. The computed excess entropy is in agreement with available experimental data
in the case of liquid alloys, whereas the agreement for the heat of mixing is poor. This may be due to the sensitivity of
the latter to the potential parameters and dielectric function. 相似文献
15.
J. Ha S. Chae K. W. Chou T. Tyliszczak P. J. M. Monteiro 《Journal of Materials Science》2012,47(2):976-989
This study investigated the effects of organic polymers (polyethylene glycol and hexadecyltrimethylammonium) on structures
of calcium silicate hydrates (C–S–H) which is the major product of Portland cement hydration. Increased surface areas and
expansion of layers were observed for all organic polymer modified C–S–H. The results from attenuated total reflectance–Fourier
transform infrared (ATR–FTIR) spectroscopic measurements also suggest lowered water contents in the layered structures for
the C–S–H samples that are modified by organic polymers. Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) results further supports
this observation. We also observed difference in the extent of C–S–H carbonation due to the presence of organic polymers.
No calcite formed in the presence of HDTMA whereas formation of calcite was observed with C–S–H sample modified with PEG.
We suggest that the difference in the carbonation reaction is possibly due to the ease of penetration and diffusion of the
CO2. This observation suggests that CO2 reaction strongly depends on the presence of organic polymers and the types of organic polymers incorporated within the C–S–H
structure. This is the first comprehensive study using STXM to quantitatively characterize the level of heterogeneity in cementitious
materials at high spatial and spectral resolutions. The results from BET, XRD, ATR–FTIR, and STXM measurements are consistent
and suggest that C–S–H layer structures are significantly modified due to the presence of organic polymers, and that the chemical
composition and structural differences among the organic polymers determine the extent of the changes in the C–S–H nanostructures
as well as the extent of carbonation reaction. 相似文献
16.
L. Krüger F. Tuchscheerer M. Mandel S. Müller S. Liebsch 《Journal of Materials Science》2012,47(6):2798-2806
In this study, the corrosion behaviour of several aluminium alloys in ethanol fuels was investigated by immersion and polarization
tests. The corrosion properties of cast aluminium alloys (Al–17wt%Si–4wt%Cu–Mg, Al–8wt%Si–3wt%Cu, Al–7wt%Si–Mg and Al–17wt%Si–4wt%Cu–Mg
with a chemically deposited nickel layer) in ethanol blended gasoline fuels were examined at various ethanol and water contents
and various temperatures. Electrochemical and gravimetric measurements revealed a pronounced acceleration of the corrosion
process above the boiling point. Additions of water restrain the corrosion. Increasing the ethanol content and the temperature
leads to a higher corrosion sensitivity of the aluminium alloys. Furthermore, the nickel layer is very protective in all tested
fuels. For aluminium alloys, a theory of the corrosion process in ethanol blended gasoline fuels is proposed. 相似文献
17.
Ju CP Chen YH Ho WF Ho SC Chen WC Shieh DB Chern Lin JH 《Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine》2008,19(1):83-93
Effect of heat treatment of Ag–Cu–Pd dispersant particles on the structure, mechanical properties and mercury vapor release
rate of an Ag–Cu–Sn/Ag–Cu–Pd-based dental amalgam has been investigated. Experimental results indicate that crystallinity
of dispersant Ag-Cu–Pd alloy increases with increasing HTT, with most notable increase occurring between 100 and 200 °C. Increasing
HTT of Ag–Cu–Pd alloy does not change much of the mercury/alloy ratio for amalgamation, but largely reduces working/setting
time of the amalgam. The Ag–Cu–Pd particles in 7 d-aged amalgam are comprised primarily of an outer Sn/Cu/Pd-rich zone and
an inner Ag/Cu/Pd-rich zone with eutectic-type morphology and chemical distribution. The annealing-enhanced Pd segregation
effect is most significantly observed in the amalgam derived from 300 °C-annealed Ag–Cu–Pd dispersant. This amalgam also has
the highest compressive strength, highest DTS, and lowest creep rate. Higher annealing temperature causes mechanical property
of the amalgam to deteriorate. The initial mercury vapor release rates of amalgams derived from 100, 200 and 300 °C-annealed
Ag–Cu–Pd dispersant are significantly lower than that derived from 400 °C-annealed dispersant. 相似文献
18.
A weathering steel Cu–P–Cr–Ni–Mo has been developed which exhibits special continuous cooling transformation characteristics
which permit the desired dual-phase (DP) microstructure to be obtained by direct hot-rolling. Hot-rolling procedures to obtain
DP microstructures have been designed based on the continuous cooling transformation diagram of weathering steel Cu–P–Cr–Ni–Mo.
The results show that the microstructures of DP weathering steels Cu–P–Cr–Ni–Mo are characterized by an irregular distribution
of island-shaped martensite–austenite in the matrix of polygonal ferrite grains. DP weathering steel Cu–P–Cr–Ni–Mo with favorable
corrosion resistant property, weldability and mechanical properties, such as, high strain hardening exponent values, a lower
ratio of yield to tensile strength, and higher strengths; and is obtained successfully by direct hot-rolling. 相似文献
19.
Two novel titanium alloys, Ti–10V–2Cr–3Al and Ti–10V–1Fe–3Al (wt%), have been designed, fabricated, and tested for their intended
stress-induced martensitic (SIM) transformation behavior. The results show that for Ti–10V–1Fe–3Al the triggering stress for
SIM transformation is independently affected by the β domain size and β phase stability, when the value of the molybdenum
equivalent is higher than ~9. The triggering stress was well predicted using the equations derived separately for the commercial
Ti–10V–2Fe–3Al alloy. For samples containing β with a lower molybdenum equivalence value, pre-existing thermal martensite
is also present and this was found to have an obstructive effect on SIM transformation. In Ti–10V–2Cr–3Al, the low diffusion
speed of Cr caused local gradients in the Cr level for many heat treatments leading even to martensite free zones near former
β regions. 相似文献
20.
The isothermal treatment of the β phase in some Cu-based alloys produces its decomposition by an earlier precipitation of
γ phase. During their growth, by means of a diffusion-controlled process, the precipitates show evidences of morphological
changes. In the first stages and for a Cu–Zn–Al alloy, the morphology is spherical and cuboidal, but develops more complex
shapes such as dendrites, owing to composition fields, interphase overlapping, crystallography characteristics, and relative
orientation. In this work, a dendritic γ precipitate characterization is done and morphological theoretical predictions are
applied, for Cu–Zn–Al and Cu–Al–Be alloys. 相似文献