基于PWM的D类音频功率放大器的设计

系统旨在设计一种D类功率放大器,以高频三角波作为载波,对音频信号进行采样,生成PWM(Pulse Width Modulation)调制信号.采用高速开关管组成的互补对称式H桥电路对信号的功率进行放大,再将放大后的信号送入4阶Butterworth低通滤波器进行滤波,得到理想的音频信号.系统主要针对音频信号进行处理,对输入频率20 Hz～20kHz,振幅30～250 mV的音频信号可以实现很好的功率放大效果,最大不失真输出功率大于1W,最高效率可达到83％.还能对输入信号进行可调放大,实现信号输出功率可调.     

A robust hysteresis current-controlled PWM inverter for linear PMSMdriven magnetic suspended positioning system

Hysteresis current-controlled pulsewidth modulation (PWM) is very robust but it possesses nonconstant switching frequency, and it is difficult to use for high-performance position servo applications. This paper presents a robust hysteresis current-controlled PWM scheme for a magnetic suspended positioning system driven by an inverter-fed linear permanent-magnet synchronous motor having improved performance in these two areas. In the proposed control scheme, the conventional hysteresis PWM mechanism is augmented by a robust harmonic spectrum-shaping controller. The error signal, which represents the switching frequency deviated from the set one, is detected using a notching filter inverse model. Then, the current command is adjusted by a robust compensation signal. The hysteresis band can be equivalently varied to let the dominant harmonic frequency of inverter output be constant, wherein the frequency can easily be changed by tuning the center frequency of the notch filter. The gating signal of switches is not needed to be sensed for making the proposed control. The constant-frequency control performance yielded by the proposed controller is rather insensitive to the system disturbances and the neutral voltage variation due to isolated Y connection. Through applying the proposed PWM inverter, satisfactory position control requirements can be achieved by properly setting the dominant harmonic frequency according to the electromechanical model of the positioning system     

工业智能仪表标准电流信号输出电路设计

为了给工业智能仪表提供廉价的标准电流信号输出接口,可以使用微处理器输出标准PWM电压信号,低通滤波器从PWM信号中分离出与PWM电压信号脉宽成正比的电压信号,此电压信号经过由放大器和三极管组成的V/I转换电路转换产生稳定的标准电流信号。用软件技术实现了电流输出范围的自动校准功能,并且系统采用单电源供电和信号隔离技术使整个标准电流输出电路对所用元件的参数不敏感且成本低、结构简单、校准方便,在电动直线行程控制器的设计过程中得以广泛应用。     

Behavior of PWM Active Front Ends in the Presence of Parallel Thyristor Converters

This paper investigates the effects of grid voltage distortions caused by thyristor converters on the steady-state performance of a pulsewidth modulation (PWM) rectifier with dc voltage link for low-voltage applications. The disturbance transfer function of the current control loop is used to analyze the effects of grid distortions. Influences of the current controller, the phase-locked loop parameters, and the filter inductance on the generated current harmonics are presented. For existing grid voltage harmonics, the amplitude of the corresponding current harmonics are determined and compared to measured current harmonics using a 400-V 40-kW test bench consisting of a PWM rectifier with voltage dc link parallel to a 40-kW thyristor converter.     

A simple method for suppression of resonance oscillation in PWM current source converter

This paper deals with a suppression method for the resonance oscillation in the ac side of a pulse-width modulation (PWM) current source converter. The converter is operated with the PWM switching pattern which is generated by the full digital control of computer software. The resonance current, caused by the LC low pass filter at the step change of the pattern, can be effectively suppressed by one pulse control of the pattern. The proposed method does not need to have the feedback loop of the current/voltage and does not offer the switching stress of the devices. The switching timing of the control is determined by pre-calculation of the off-line in consideration of the circuit constants. The experimental and the simulated results in the single-phase and the three-phase PWM converters are given, compared with those without the control, and show good response of the supply current.     

A novel and simple current controller for three-phase PWM powerinverters

A new feedback current controller for three-phase pulsewidth modulation (PWM) power inverters is presented. To achieve robustness, fast dynamical response, reduced switching frequency, and simple hardware implementation, an improved three-level hysteresis sliding-mode controller is used. All voltage vectors are accurately selected in order to minimize the current error     

A SPICE model for current mode PWM converters operating undercontinuous inductor current conditions

A SPICE simulation model of current-mode pulse-width modulation (PWM) converters operating in the continuous mode is described and tested against analytical expressions and experimental data for buck and boost converters. The simulation model is also used to compare an earlier average model to a recently suggested modification and to examine the effect of the gain factor in the current feedback path     

三相电压型PWM整流器的建模方法

整流器模型建立直接影响控制策略,通常系统采用基尔霍夫定律和拉格朗日方程建立数学模型,其状态变量间存在耦合。文中针对开关函数描述的数学模型为非线性且控制器设计困难的特征,采用开关周期平均法建立系统平均模型,分离扰动得到稳态模型和线性时不变的小信号模型。结果表明,小信号模型较传统模型更有利系统控制器的设计。     

Filter design method for a PWM feedback inverter system

A novel approach to filter design for a closed-loop, pulse-width-modulated (PWM) DC-AC inverter system driving an RL load is investigated. The system has a rectangular hysteresis in the forward path and it is closed by current feedback. When it is excited by a sinusoidal input reference, it provides square pulses that produce a nearly sinusoidal current in the load. Using a describing function technique, design equations for the filter are derived. The data needed for the filter evaluation are the amplitude of current ripple and the frequency of square pulses delivered by the power bridge. System simulation and experimental results show that the design of the filter can be based on the method proposed and that the filter can provide a significant reduction of current ripple, or otherwise a significant reduction of switching frequency     

数字控制PWM/PFM混合型AC-DC开关电源设计

采用数字控制方法,结合脉冲频率调制和脉冲宽度调制的特点,设计了一种采用数字控制初级反馈反激式开关电源。数字化控制技术可实现快速动态响应,严格的输出调节,以及多种PWM/PFM混合控制。最终利用Cyclone 3系列FPGA作为数字控制器进行恒压验证,其结果达到了预期设计要求。     

A Multipulse-Structure-Based Bidirectional PWM Converter for High-Power Applications

Multipulse converters are suitable for high-power application with the merits of low switching frequency and perfect harmonic performance. But less controllability and poor regulation lead the restriction on its application. A bidirectional pulsewidth modulation (PWM) converter based on multipulse structure is proposed in this paper, which has the same perfect harmonic performance with very low switching frequency. A special sequential sampling space vector modulation technique, which has the sampling sequence from the lagging module to the leading module, is proposed to make the converter controllable like conventional PWM converters. The harmonic performance and linear regulation capability are analyzed theoretically. The converter is modeled in detail, and an instantaneous feedback control strategy with phase delay compensation and decoupling control is also proposed. The controller parameters are optimized to get high dynamic performance with adequate phase margin and gain margin. A 3-kVA prototype is built, and the simulation and experiment results validate that the proposed converter is quite suitable for high-power conversion.     

电流型PWM控制器在电源中的应用

介绍了双环电流型脉宽调制(PWM)控制器UC3842的工作原理、特点以及使用中的功率因数校正和斜坡补偿方法.双环电流型PWM控制器是在普通电压反馈PWM控制环内部增加了电流反馈的控制环节,因而除了包含电压型PWM控制器的功能外,还能检测开关电流或电感电流,实现电压电流的双环控制.     

新型高性能开关电源电压型PWM比较器

设计并实现了一种高性能的电压型PWM比较器,电路采用PMOS差分对管做为输入,多路电流镜提供精密负载电流,具有输入失调电压低、工作频率高、转换速率快和功耗低等优点.该电路可以替代普通电压型PWM比较器,直接运用在开关电源电压型PWM控制芯片中,并且能模块化设计,提高了PWM控制芯片的系统集成.     

Fuzzy-tuning current-vector control of a three-phase PWM inverterfor high-performance AC drives

This paper proposes a new discrete fuzzy-tuning current-vector control (FTC) scheme for three-phase pulsewidth modulation (PWM) inverters. The proposed current control scheme can achieve fast transient responses and, at the same time, have very low total harmonic distortion in output current during steady-state operation. The proposed FTC scheme generates quasi-optimum PWM patterns by using a closed-loop control technique with instantaneous current feedback. The proposed FTC scheme has been realized using a single-chip digital signal processor (TMS320C14) from Texas Instruments. Experimental results are given to verify the proposed fuzzy-tuning current control strategy for three-phase PWM inverters     

A single-phase controlled-current PWM rectifier

The analysis and test results are given for an experimental single-phase controlled-current PWM (pulse-width-modulated) rectifier that operates at unity power factor with near sinusoidal current waveform and that has power reversal capability. The twice-line-frequency AC power is identified as a source of voltage harmonics in the DC link. The harmonics enter into the voltage regulation feedback loop to distort the AC current waveform. These undesirable harmonics can be removed by a low-pass filter. It is noted that the overall design must address the possibility of instability due to the low-pass filter in the feedback path     

High-efficiency multiple-output DC-DC conversion for low-voltagesystems

This versatile power converter controller provides dual outputs at a fixed switching frequency and can regulate either output voltage or target system delay (using an external L-C filter). In the voltage regulation mode, the output voltage is monitored with an analog-digital (A/D) converter, and the feedback compensation network is implemented digitally. The generation of the pulsewidth modulation (PWM) signal is done with a hybrid delay line/counter approach, which saves power and area relative to previous implementations. Power devices are included on chip to create the two independently regulated output PWM signals. The key features of this design are its low-power dissipation, reconfigurability, use of either delay or voltage feedback, and multiple outputs     

多路舵机控制PWM发生器的设计与Proteus仿真

PWM脉宽信号调制是现代电子行业中使用较为广泛的一种脉冲信号,其典型应用就是舵机控制。以Proteus和Keil软件为基础,介绍了在Proteus环境下利用51单片机产生多路PWM脉冲的实现方法。最后以一个典型的应用实例验证了设计的可行性与可靠性。实验证明,本系统可在单片机定时器资源有限的情况下同时对多个舵机的输出转角进行控制。     

Analysis and passivity-based control of zero-voltage-transition PWM converters

A zero-voltage-transition pulse-width modulation (ZVT-PWM) converter composed of a conventional PWM circuit and a resonant tank to achieve zero-voltage switching, resulting in low voltage and current stresses and zero capacitive turn-on losses. In this paper, the analysis and passivity-based control of the ZVT-PWM buck converter are presented. A generalized state space average model of the ZVT-PWM buck converter is derived. The controller design is carried out using the derived model and follows the "energy shaping plus damping injection" ideas of the passivity-based approach. Both direct and indirect output voltage regulation schemes are addressed. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the features of the proposed controllers.     

New inverter output filter topology for PWM motor drives

This paper presents a new inverter output filter topology for pulse width modulation (PWM) motor drives. It is shown that the proposed filter effectively reduces high frequency harmonics which can cause serious damage to the motor bearings and insulation. The proposed filter is comprised of a conventional resistance, inductance, capacitance (RLC) network cascaded with an LC trap filter. The LC trap, tuned to the inverter switching frequency, is very effective in reducing the switching harmonics. By using this new topology the need for high damping resistance and low RLC cut-off frequency is eliminated. This reduces the phase shift in the current regulation loop and increases the filter efficiency. Experimental verification of the filter topology is provided with a 180 V inverter and a 25 hp permanent magnet synchronous motor. Space-vector predictive current regulation is implemented as an inner-loop current regulator for the outer-loop speed control using a digital signal processor. The effectiveness of the filter at different motor speeds is presented     

Linear processing of PWM signals using a RC time encoded integrator

This paper describes a delay-and-addition cell that enables direct signal processing of pulse with modulation (PWM) encoded signals. The cell can be considered functionally equivalent to a switched capacitor integrator. However, both its input and output are synchronous PWM signals. As a difference to a switched capacitor integrator, the circuit does not require operational amplifiers and is composed of passive RC circuits, switches, comparators and digital logic. Circuit implementation non idealities such as offset and propagation delays have also been analyzed. The main advantage of this circuit is the possibility to operate at a low voltage. The paper shows measurements of a demonstration circuit implementing a first order filter. As an application example, the filter is used to attenuate the quantization noise of a sigma-delta signal, delivering a continuously varying PWM waveform from a synchronous bitstream.