硅的钴溅射引进深能级的研究

利用DLTS技术详细研究了经钴溅射并在不同温度下的RTA在n型和p型硅里引进的深能级。结果表明在n型硅里有五个深能级生成,这些能级的浓度较低,分布在2×10~(10)—1×10~(11)cm~(-3)范围内。它们可归因于替位的钴原子,钴与RTA的互作用或钴与缺陷的络合物。     

钛在硅浅结互连中引进深能级的研究

钛在硅浅结互连中作为铝硅阻挡层已成功地应用在器件工艺中。但它在P-Si一侧引进一个深能级中心,其能级位置在Ev+0.38eV,浓度分布为(-3)×10~(12)cm~(-3);在N-Si一侧引进三个深能级中心:E_c-0.22eV,E_c—0.40eV和E_c-0.55eV,其浓度分布在(1.6—2.6)×10~(11)cm~(-3)。有关参数表明,它对器件的性能有一定的影响。     

硅中钛的若干物理性质

本文报道研究扩散掺钛的硅中深能级的结果。用DLTS法观测到三个与钛有关的深能级,即在n-Si(Ti)中有二个电子陷阱,能级位置分别为Ec0.23eV和Ec0.53eV,在p-Si(Ti)中有一个空穴陷阱,能级位置为Ev+0.32eV。详细的电容瞬态研究得到了这些能级在一定测试温度范围内的热激活能和俘获截面以及其它有关参量。本文还就测量结果对能级的键合性质和钉扎于那一能带做了讨论。     

硅中铂能级的DLTS研究

用深能级瞬态谱(DLTS)研究了铂在N型和P型硅中引入的能级.制备了p~+nn~+深结,p~+n和n~+p浅结,Au/n-Si和Ti/p-Si肖特基等五种掺铂样品.分析各种样品的测试结果得到:过去报道在p~+nn~+深结中测得的Ec—0.34eV能级并不存在于N型硅中,该DLTS谱峰来源于p~+nn~+结P型区内的空穴发射.     

CWCO_2激光在硅中引入的位错深能谱研究

用高功率密度的CWCO_2激光扫描在硅中引入了较单纯清洁的位错,并利用DLTS技术对其深能级谱进行了测量.在p型和n型硅中分别测到 E_v+0.33eV和 E_c-0.37eV,E_c-0.50eV三个深能级谱峰.实验结果表明,位错线上的断键是重构的,重构后只有少部分位错态是电活性的.氢等离子体退火对电活性的位错态有显著的钝化作用.     

n型硅中铂和钯的电学性质

本文用瞬态电容、热激电容和热激电流方法测量n型硅中铂和钯的电学性质.n型硅中铂的二个能级是E_c-0.22eV和E_c-0.30eV.掺钯的n型硅中亦存在二个能级为E_c-0.23eV和 E_c-0.29eV.第二个深能级 E_c-0.29eV由于它的位置和浓度与高温淬火引起的能级相仿,所以这一能级的起因尚需进一步研究.     

铁掺杂对不同导电类型硅材料电阻率的影响

采用电阻率为4.8.cm的p型硅片和10.cm的n型硅片,通过高温扩散法制备出了Fe掺杂的补偿硅材料。在室温避光条件下,测量样品电阻率ρ,并用XRD对扩散后的样品进行分析,研究了Fe掺杂对不同导电类型硅材料电阻率的影响。结果表明:相对于n型硅材料,深能级杂质Fe掺杂对p型硅材料电阻率的影响更大,其Fe掺杂p型硅材料电阻率远大于Fe掺杂n型硅材料;当p型硅表面Fe扩散源浓度为1.74×10–5mol/cm2时,在1 200℃下扩散1 h后,材料具有最大电阻率7 246.cm。     

铁掺杂对不同导电类型硅材料电阻率的影响

采用电阻率为4.8Ω·cm的p型硅片和10Ω·cm的n型硅片,通过高温扩散法制备出了Fe掺杂的补偿硅材料.在室温避光条件下,测量样品电阻率p,并用XRD对扩散后的样品进行分析,研究了Fe掺杂对不同导电类型硅材料电阻率的影响.结果表明:相对于n型硅材料,深能级杂质Fe掺杂对p型硅材料电阻率的影响更大,其Fe掺杂p型硅材料电阻率远大于Fe掺杂n型硅材料;当p型硅表面Fe扩散源浓度为1.74× 10-5 mol/cm2时,在1 200℃下扩散1h后,材料具有最大电阻率7 246Ω· cm.     

用离子束混合形成硅化钛

我们用一种新方法在硅上形成硅化物,硅片上溅射一层600 A的钛膜,在室温下用400keV4×10~(15)Xe~(++)/cm~2,1×10~(16)Xe~(++)/cm~2辐照,利用离子来混合效应形成1000A硅化钛膜.用MeV He 离子背散射方法研究了硅化钛组成和厚度并讨论了形成机制.     

快速热退火在硅中引入的缺陷的研究

快速热退火(RTA)将在n型硅中引入深能级缺陷。缺陷的种类和浓度随退火温度的变化而变化。由于这些缺陷的存在,使少数载流子寿命显著降低。这些缺陷可以分成两类。一类是与被冻结在晶格缺陷上的金属杂质有关,经二步退火后,这些缺陷能在650℃附近退火消失。另一类是晶格的本征缺陷,二步退火并不能消除这类缺陷。研究表明,这类缺陷与位错有关。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks