染料修饰掺杂纳米晶TiO2薄膜的光电转换性能

用溶胶－凝胶法制备了掺杂锌离子的纳米晶TiO2薄膜，并用4，4′－二羧酸联吡啶钌对其敏化。实验结果表明，通过羧酸基与纳米晶TiO2薄膜电极发生强相互作用，实现了染料激发态向纳米晶TiO2薄膜电极导带高效注入电子，从而使宽禁带半导体的光电转换效率得到提高。     

TiO_2纳米晶和薄膜的制备及光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2纳米晶和薄膜,分别用X射线衍射(XRD))和差热-热重分析(DTA-TGA)对不同温度热处理的样品进行了表征,并考察了薄膜的光催化性能.结果表明:在500℃焙烧2h制备的TiO2纳米晶及薄膜具有完整的锐钛矿相结构,粒径约30nm左右,60min内甲基橙降解率可达到90%,具有很好的光催化活性.     

纳米TiO2的溶胶—凝胶法制备及其表征

以钛酸正丁酯(TNB)-去离子水-盐酸-乙酰丙酮(Acac)的乙醇溶液为反应体系,采用溶胶—凝胶法制备纳米TiO2溶胶颗粒。通过DLS、XRD和HRTEM等表征手段对TiO2颗粒的生成过程、其粒径和晶型的调控等方面进行研究。发现低温环境下TiO2的生成主要经历水解反应形成螯合物、缩合反应生成TiO2溶胶、TiO2溶胶颗粒融合这三个阶段。并且通过调节反应温度和催化剂浓度,可在无需高温锻烧的情况下,制得具有典型锐钛矿晶型的高分散性TiO2溶胶颗粒。     

Eu掺杂TiO2纳米晶的制备及其发光性能

TiO2:Eu3+是一种新型优质的纳米红光发光材料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2:Eu3+纳米晶,研究了TiO2:Eu3+纳米晶的发光特性及退火温度对其发射光谱的影响.利用XRD,PL,PLE对样品进行了表征.结果表明TiO2:Eu3+纳米晶在600 ℃退火时呈现单一的锐钛矿结构,晶粒尺寸约为13.2 nm,900 ℃退火时呈现单一的金红石结构,晶粒尺寸约为44.1 nm;用468 nm激发光源激发时样品显示出强红光发射,对应于Eu3+粒子的5D0 →7F2超灵敏跃迁;荧光强度随着退火温度的升高先增强后减弱,最佳退火温度为700 ℃,最佳保温时间为8 h.     

聚乙二醇添加量对TiO2薄膜光催化性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以钛酸丁酯为前驱体,以不同添加量的聚乙二醇（PEG,分子量2000）为添加剂,在普通载玻片上制备结构可控的多孔TiO     

溶胶凝胶法制备TiO2多孔纳米薄膜

用溶胶凝胶法在普通载玻片上成功地制得TiO     

TiO2/Fe2O3纳米复合材料的制备及光催化性能

分别以Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O和钛酸四丁酯为铁源和钛源,以HF、HAc、NH₄F、NH₃·H₂O、H₂O₂为形貌控制剂,通过沉淀分离法联合溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同形貌的TiO₂/Fe₂O₃纳米复合材料。用X-射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)对TiO₂/Fe₂O₃样品的结构和形貌进行了分析,并探究了所合成的TiO₂/Fe₂O₃纳米复合材料在紫外光照射条件下对亚甲基蓝(MB)的降解性能。结果表明,当以NH₃·H₂O为形貌控制剂时,制备的NH₃·H₂O-TiO₂/Fe₂     

Eu掺杂TiO_2纳米晶光致发光影响因素

为了寻找Ti O2∶Eu3+纳米晶的最佳制备工艺条件,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Ti O2∶Eu3+纳米晶,研究了Eu3+掺杂浓度、退火温度、Al3+的掺入等工艺参数对Ti O2∶Eu3+纳米晶发射光谱的影响.利用PL、PLE对样品进行了表征.结果表明用468 nm激发光源激发Ti O2∶Eu3+纳米晶时,样品显示出强红光发射,对应于Eu3+粒子的5D0→7F2超灵敏跃迁;且荧光强度随着Eu3+掺杂浓度和退火温度的升高先增强后减弱;700℃退火的样品红光发射强度达到最强,Eu3+的最佳掺杂浓度为0.8%mol;Al3+的掺入可以提高Eu3+的红光发射强度,采用钛酸正四丁脂∶异丙醇∶冰乙酸∶水=1∶4∶4∶2制备出的Ti O2:Eu3+纳米晶的红光发射光谱最强.     

沸石负载Mn,N共掺杂TiO2及光催化性能

为提高传统TiO₂光催化剂的可见光催化活性,本文采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了Mn,N共掺杂TiO₂光催化剂,改善了传统TiO₂光生载流子易复合的问题;进一步采用沸石作为载体对改性后的TiO₂样品进行负载,解决了传统光催化剂存在的难分离回收问题,以达到光催化剂可重复使用的目的.借助X-射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、紫外分光光度计、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪等测试手段对Mn,N共掺杂TiO₂光催化剂的结构、元素组成、微观形貌和光催化降解性能进行系统分析与研究.研究结果表明,沸石负载Mn,N共掺杂TiO₂的样品较未改性的TiO₂样品具有更高的光催化降解活性,在可见光照射下,在最优掺杂条件下获得的TiO₂光催化剂在60 min内对孔雀石绿的降解率可达到97%,这主要归因于锰离子掺杂能够对TiO₂光生载流子的复合产生抑制作用,促进光生电荷分离,与此同时氮元素掺杂可有效拓宽TiO₂半导体光催化剂光响应范围.此外,经过5次循环使用后,对孔雀石绿的降解率没有较大程度的减弱,依然能够维持在88%以上,表明沸石负载Mn,N共掺杂TiO₂的样品具有较好的光催化循环稳定性.     

退火温度对TiO2及Nb掺杂TiO2薄膜的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法在普通载玻片上制备了均匀透明的TiO2薄膜和掺Nb的TiO2薄膜,利用XRD,UV-VIS等手段,研究了退火温度对薄膜的结构、紫外-可见光区透射率、光学禁带宽度等性质的影响,并分析了掺杂Nb对TiO2薄膜晶体结构和光学性能的影响。实验结果表明:退火温度越高,薄膜生长取向越好,晶粒尺寸越大,光透过率越低;掺杂Nb后,能明显改善其结晶与生长,并降低其晶粒尺寸,透射率光谱吸收边缘产生蓝移现象。     

海嘧啶对肿瘤细胞内[Ca2+]i的影响

研究表明海嘧啶抗癌疗效确切,抗癌机制与其诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡有关.旨在进一步揭示海嘧啶诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的机制,采用激光扫描共聚焦技术观察海嘧啶对肿瘤细胞内[Ca2+]i的影响及[Ca2+]i变化时Ca2+的来源,采用定磷法测定海嘧啶对肿瘤细胞膜钙泵活性的影响.海嘧啶可显著升高肿瘤细胞内[Ca2+]i的浓度;[Ca2+]i升高时,Ca2+同时来源于细胞外钙内流和细胞内钙释放.海嘧啶可显著降低肿瘤细胞膜钙泵活性.海嘧啶通过升高肿瘤细胞内[Ca2+]i的浓度,从而启动肿瘤细胞凋亡机制,诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡;海嘧啶升高肿瘤细胞内的作用是通过开放肿瘤细胞膜钙通道、引起肿瘤细胞内钙库释放、降低肿瘤细胞钙泵活性三条途径达到的.     

自锁模飞秒Cr^4＋：forsterite激光器

飞秒Cr^4 :forsterite激光器可工作在1．18－1．306μm区域,广泛应用于光通信、生物医学和激光光谱学等领域,本介绍了四镜折叠腔的设计、像散补偿以及自锁模的实现,报道了自锁模飞秒Cr^4 :forsterite激光器的运转特性。在吸收泵浦功率8．04W时,获得了36fs,280mW的功率输出,中心波长1246nm.     

Study on the separation of Co2+ from Zn2+, Cd2+ by anion-exchange chromatography

The separation of Co²⁺ from Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺ by anion-exchange chromatography was discussed. The chromatographic column containing anion resin 201 × 7 which was saturated with a solution of ammonium chloride. The effects of the eluant acidity and eluant composition on the separation were investigated. The results indicate that this anion-exchange chromatography is suitable to the separation of Co²⁺ from Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, and the condition of separation is simple and convenient. When the column is saturated with NH₄Cl solution (2.0 mol/L, pH=4.0), the separation can be completed effectively. Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ can also be separated when different eluants are used and the pure solution with high concentration of Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺ respectively can be obtained easily. Biography of the first author: WANG Xin-yan, born in Dec. 1975, majoring in extraction chemistry.     

剩余污泥吸附Cu2+、Cd2+试验

为研究剩余污泥的有效利用,通过实验室静态吸附试验,研究剩余污泥对Cu2+、Cd2+溶液的吸附特性及影响因素.结果表明,吸附过程中pH值、污泥量、吸附时间和初始溶液质量浓度对吸附效率均有影响,pH值是吸附过程的最重要因素,增加投泥量和提高pH值可以明显提高吸附量,而温度对污泥吸附的影响并不显著.吸附热力学数据表明,污泥对Cu2+、Cd2+的吸附较好地符合Langmuir和Freundlich模型,最大吸附容量分别为32.4mg/g和30.2mg/g.剩余污泥能够作为重金属离子的吸附剂.     

Fractal characteristics of rock fragmentation at strain rate of 10^0 -10^2 s^-1

The fragmentation test of granite subjected to strain rate of 10^0 - 10^2 s^-1 was carried out using split Hopkinson pressure bar（SHPB） whose diameter is 75 mm, where half-sine loading waveform was performed. The sieving statistics results of the fragments show that the distribution of the fragments is a fractal, and the fractal dimension values fall into the range of 1.2 - 2.4. The correlation analysis between the fractal dimension and the logarithm of the energy density shows that they have approximately linear relation. Finally, based on damage theory and scale invariant principle, the fragmentation model with renormalization method was put forward, and the fractal dimension value predicted with the model was compared with the test results. It is found that the fractal dimension value obtained from the improved fragmentation model is more reasonable.     

4种胺基改性甘蔗渣对Cu2+的静态吸附

采用两步法制备了乙二胺（EDA）、二乙烯三胺（DETA）、三乙烯四胺（TETA）、四乙烯五胺（TEPA）系列胺基改性甘蔗渣（SCB）吸附剂,探讨了浓度、吸附时间、酸度和共存离子对四种吸附剂吸附Cu²⁺的影响。结果表明四种胺基改性吸附剂对铜离子的吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型,吸附可在1h内达到平衡,动力学过程符合伪二级动力学模型,吸附最佳酸度范围为4.5~5.5。4种胺基改性甘蔗渣吸附剂对Cu²⁺的吸附容量大小的顺序为:DETA-SCB>TEPA-SCB>TETA-SCB>EDA-SCB,对Cu²⁺选择性顺序为:EDA-SCB>DETA-SCB>TETA-SCB>TEPA-SCB。共存干扰离子对Cu²⁺吸附容量影响的大小顺序:Zn²⁺>Cd²⁺>Ca²⁺≈Mg²⁺>K⁺≈Na⁺。     

Retention of clay-solidified grouting curtain to Cd^2＋ , Pb^2＋ and Hg^2＋ in landfill of municipal solid waste

The effects of components and their ratio of groups on anti-seepage capability of clay-solidified grouting curtain and its permeability of heavy metal cations were investigated by permeating experiments, using reactive solute transport model to study the permeation of heavy metals (Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺ and Hg²⁺). The study of permeating for different mixture ratios of cement and clay indicates that hydraulic conductivity of clay-solidified groupting curtain with different ratios of solid to liquid or with the same ratio of solid to liquid but with different ratios of cement to clay is changed. The laboratory simulation test results also show that precipitates produced in heavy metal cation migration process in curtain block up water flowing passage which makes the hydraulic conductivity of the solution-permeated curtain decrease with the leakage time. The permeation velocities for different heavy metal cations vary with ionic concentration, exchange capacity and ion radius etc. The test results indicate that the permeation rapidity order of heavy metals cations in clay-solidified grouting curtain is Hg²⁺ > Pb²⁺ in the same experimental circumstance. In addition, permeability for different mixture ratios and antisepsis capabilities of clay-solidified grouting curtain were studied in tests. Foundation item: Project (2000-65) supported by the Fund for University Key Teacher by the Ministry of Education of China     

Removal of Pb^2＋ and Cd^2＋ by adsorption on clay-solidified grouting curtain for waste landfills

Pb^2＋ and Cd^2＋ in leachate were adsorbed on clay-solidified grouting curtain for waste landfills with equilibrium experiment. The cation exchange capacity was determined with ammonium acetate. And the concentration of heavy metal cations in leachate was determined with atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Their equilibrium isotherms were measured, and the experimental isotherm data were analyzed by using Freundlich and Langmuir models. The results show that the adsorption capacities of the heavy metal cations are closely related to the compositions of clay-solidified grouting curtain, and the maximum adsorption appears at the ratio of cement to clay of 2 ： 4 in the experimental conditions. At their maximum adsorption and pH 5.0, the adsorption capacities of Pb^2＋ and Cd^2＋ are 16.19 mg/g and 1.21 mg/g. The competitive adsorption coefficients indicate that the adsorption of clay-solidified grouting curtain for Pb^2＋ is stronger than that for Cd^2＋. The adsorption process conforms to Freundlich＇s model with related coefficient higher than 0. 996.     

Adsorption behavior of Pb^2＋ and Cd^2＋ ions on bauxite flotation tailings

The adsorption behavior of Pb^2＋ and Cd^2＋ ions on bauxite flotation tailings was investigated to demonstrate the adsorptivity of the bauxite flotation tailings. The adsorption percentage of Pb^2＋ and Cd^2＋ ions as a function of adsorbent dosage, solution pH value and shaking time were determined by batch experiments. The maximum adsorption percentage of 99.93% for Pb^2＋ ions and 99.75% for Cd^2＋ ions were obtained by using bauxite flotation tailings as adsorbent. The methods, such as zeta potentials, specific surface area measurements and the analysis of adsorption kinetics, were introduced to analyze the adsorption mechanisms of the Pb^2＋ ions on bauxite flotation tailings. The isoelectric point of bauxite flotation tailings shifts from 3.6 to 5.6 in the presence of Pb^2＋ ions. The specific surface area of bauxite flotation tailings changes from 12.57 to 20.63 m^2/g after the adsorption of Pb^2＋ ions. These results indicate that a specific adsorption of the cation species happens on the surface of bauxite flotation tailings. Adsorption data of Pb^2＋ ions on the surface of bauxite flotation tailings can be well described by Langmuir model, and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model provides the best correlation for the adsorption data of Pb^2＋ and Cd^2＋ ions on bauxite flotation tailings.     

用于Pb2+、Hg2+离子选择性固相萃取的微流控芯片

为实现微流控芯片对重金属Pb~(2+)、Hg~(2+)离子的选择性固相萃取,首先采用3-氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷和5-甲基苯并三氮唑对纳米二氧化硅进行硅烷偶联改性,随后以改性纳米二氧化硅为基础,设计并制备了可更换吸附剂的一体化填充式固相萃取芯片.测试结果表明:改性后不仅吸附剂的团聚现象得到明显改善,且当pH=5时,对Pb~(2+)的吸附率可达99.1%,对Hg~(2+)的吸附率可达98.9%,而对Cr~(3+)的吸附率为20.4%,对Mn~(2+)的吸附率仅为13.2%.即使样品中混有干扰离子(K~+、Na~+或Mn~(2+))时,对Pb~(2+)、Hg~(2+)离子的吸附率仍均可达97%以上.当进样流速≤1.5 mL/min时,微流控芯片对Pb~(2+)或Hg~(2+)的吸附率可达98%以上;以0.5 mol/L的盐酸和2%的硫代尿素为洗脱液,控制流速在0.20.3 mL/min范围内时,芯片对Pb~(2+)或Hg~(2+)的洗脱率均达到92%以上.用于Pb~(2+)、Hg~(2+)离子的选择性固相萃取芯片的成功制备,有助于微流控技术在重金属污染监测领域的应用和推广.