光学系统计算机辅助装调中的一种优化算法

如何快速、准确、稳定地确定失调量是光学系统计算机辅助装调技术的一个关键部分.本文首先进行数学建模,建立了失调量与引入像差的关系式,然后提出了求解失调量的伪逆及奇异值巩固逆算法,以解决直接按最小二乘法方程组求解所带来的数值不稳定性及解的不精确性问题.最后,利用本文所建立的数值分析模型,进行了模拟计算,计算结果表明,本文的计算方法是合理可行、有效的.     

ICA不确定性问题在圆度误差分离中的解决措施

独立分量分析方法(Independentcomponentanalysis,简称ICA)在国内尚属一门新型的方法。文章介绍了ICA的无噪声模型、原理、预处理、非高斯性量度以及快速定点算法,重点讨论了ICA的不确定性在圆度误差分离中的处理方法。仿真结果表明,基于独立分量分析的圆度误差分离技术比传统的频域法和时域法更简单、实用、高效,同时由ICA分离出的信号不确定性问题得到了很好的解决。     

非参数似然率独立分量分析算法的OFDM系统载波频偏盲估计

研究提出了一种利用非参数似然比(NLR)新算法获得OFDM系统频偏估计的新方法,给出基于NLR的ICA算法的OFDM系统数学模型,利用NLR算法分离各个子载波,然后利用本地载波与子载波的频差估计出OFDM的频偏(CFO),该算法获得的CFO可以包括信道的传输特性对CFO的影响.经典的ICA算法(如FAST-ICA)对源信号的统计特性具有依赖性,源信号统计特性的变化可能使算法的性能降低甚至无法得到希望的分离信号,非参数似然算法(NLR)的独立分量分析(ICA),不依赖于源信号的统计特性,而且能够对混合信号实行连续分离,因此是一个全盲的算法.仿真结果表明,将跟踪到的频偏在接收端进行补偿后,减小了子载波的串扰,降低系统解调后的误码率,提高了OFDM系统性能.     

基于Haar分类器和AAM算法的人脸基准点定位

人脸基准点定位可应用于人脸识别、疲劳检测等领域。针对人脸基准点定位中常用的主动表观模型(AAM)的局限性,提出了Haar分类器和AAM算法相结合的人脸基准点定位方法。先是计算图像积分图,然后采用基于Haar特征的AdaBoost级联检测器快速定位出人脸区域,最后将检测到的位置和图像信息传递给AAM进行人脸基准点定位。该方法在抽取的AFLW(annotated facial landmarks in the wild)人脸测试集上表现出良好的性能。实验结果表明,采用该方法能准确、快速定位出人脸基准点。     

独立分量分析在直升机齿轮箱故障早期诊断中的应用

齿轮箱早期的故障信号往往十分微弱 ,信噪比低 ,这大大限制了已有诊断方法在早期诊断中的应用 ,因此如何获取真实的振动信号是提高齿轮箱早期故障诊断质量的关键 ,独立分量分析 (ICA)为此提供了一种新的思路。文中研究了ICA在齿轮箱故障早期诊断中的应用 ,首先分析了齿轮箱的混合振动信号模型 ,然后针对具体的轴承故障进行了实验 ,并使用快速ICA算法分离出轴承的振动信号 ,再将其功率谱与原始振动信号的谱相比较 ,结果表明ICA更易于实现故障的早期诊断 ;最后提出了进一步的研究建议。     

基于禁忌搜索算法的电磁场逆问题鲁棒优化设计

为了综合分析优化解的性能,讨论了参数不确定条件下电磁场逆问题的鲁棒优化性。分析了鲁棒优化设计方法,研究了鲁棒期望适值函数关键参数的估计方法。以寻求鲁棒最优解为目标,应用改进的禁忌算法,基于鲁棒性能期望适值函数,求解了典型数学问题和工程设计问题。通过计算比较叠加扰动最优解条件下的目标函数值偏差,其结果表明,该研究算法能够快速有效地搜索到鲁棒最优解。     

A Metamodeling Method Based on Support Vector Regression for Robust Optimization

Metamodeling techniques have been used in robust optimization to reduce the high computational cost of the uncertainty analysis and improve the performance of robust optimization problems with computationaUy expensive simulation models.Existing metamodels main focus on polynomial regression(PR),neural networks(NN)and Kriging models,these metamodeis are not well suited for large-scale robust optimization problems with small size training sets and high nonlinearity.To address the problem,a reduced approximation model technique based on support vector regression(SVR)is introduced in order to improve the accuracy of metamodels.A robust optimization method based on SVR is presented for problems that involve high dimension and nonlinear.First appropriate design parameter samples are selected by experimental design theories,then the response samples are obtained from the simulations such as finite element analysis,the SVR metamodel is constructed and treated as the mean and the variance of the objective performance functions.Combining other constraints,the robust optimization model is formed which can be solved by genetic algorithm(GA).The applicability of the method developed is demonstrated using a case of two-bar structure system study.The performances of SVR were compared with those of PR,Kriging and back-propagation neural networks(BPNN),the comparison results show that the prediction accuracy of the SVR metamodel was higher than those of other metamodels under uncertainty.The robust optimization solutions are near to the real result,and the proposed method is found to be accurate and efficient for robust optimization.This reaserch provides an efficient method for robust optimization problems with complex structure.     

Toward an automatic wheat purity measuring device: A machine vision-based neural networks-assisted imperialist competitive algorithm approach

Wheat product quality is closely related to wheat seed purity. Purity is an important factor that has a considerable impact on wheat product prices in grain storage silos. The aim of this paper was to introduce a machine vision based approach as a primarily step for fabricating an automatic wheat purity determination and grading device. Experimental data consists of 52 color, morphology, and texture characteristic parameters, extracted from images of samples, including four local wheat grades and eight common weed seeds growing in wheat fields of Iran, were used to build the classification models. A new algorithm that combines Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) has been used for two purposes: to find the best characteristic parameters set and to create robust classification models. Based upon the results obtained from this study, the total classification rate of ICA–ANN approach for wheat grains vs. non-wheat seeds, wheat grain classes, and non-wheat seed classes was 96.25%, 87.50%, and 77.22%, respectively.     

一种新的复值独立分量分析的特征融合识别方法

摘要：介绍了复值独立分量分析(Complex ICA)的基本原理和算法,并提出了基于复值独立分量分析的目标识别方法。该方法首先利用快速独立分量分析算法(FICA)对目标训练集图像进行ICA分解,然后分别提取基于独立分量的训练集和测试集目标特征,采用线性判据对训练集目标特征进行分类训练,找到合理的分类阈值,最后对测试集图像进行分类识别。本文的创新点在于把复数值独立分量分析的方法应用于多传感器融合的目标识别。实验结果表明,本文提出的方法是可行的,并能获得较高的目标识别准确率。     

一种智能摄像机网络中重叠区域的快速探测方法

重叠区域探测是构建多摄像机传感网络的一个基本问题。多摄像机协作视觉分析任务中，摄像机必须知道相互位置关系。本文提出了一个基于图像匹配快速重叠探测方法，该方法适用于非标定的摄像机网络。该方法利用关键点的局部图像描述匹配完成重叠区域标定。其中关键点探测使用了最新的SURF（speedup robust feature）算法，该方法适用于实时计算。局部图像描述采用简单易算的LPB统计直方图，该局部图像描述具备光照，旋转不变特征。本文在实际的智能摄像机网络进行了测试，取得了良好的效果。     

基于独立分量分析的切削声发射源信号分离

针对切削声发射(Acoustic Emission,AE)信号的多目标状态源并行分离问题和同频干扰源分离问题,引入独立分量分析(Independent Component Analysis,ICA)技术作为研究工具,用刀具破损、切屑折断和环境噪声三个AE源的线性混合模拟切削AE信号,尝试用FastICA算法分离目标状态...     

基于改进H∞算法的线控转向系统仿真研究

针对汽车线控转向系统的鲁棒性问题,对汽车线控转向的原理和结构方面进行了研究;对汽车线控转向的动力学模型进行了建立以及简化;对汽车线控转向控制系统进行了分析与设计.以H∞运算为基础,利用反求法,避开了加权函数的选择,通过观察H∞运算中S/T奇异值曲线,运用符合线控转向鲁棒性能要求的预期S/T曲线逆转了该闭环系统,构建出了闭环传递函数,提出了一种基于改进H∞算法的线控转向系统.通过对线控转向系统的时间域和频率域的分析,以及线控转向系统模型干涉和参数扰动下的仿真结果分析,验证了改进H∞算法的控制策略的准确性.研究结果表明,基于改进H∞算法的线控转向系统在保证了鲁棒稳定性的前提下,具有更好的响应性能;并且改进的控制器比传统的控制器具有更好的鲁棒性.     

基于ICA和小波变换的房颤F波提取算法

应用独立成分分析(independent component analysis,ICA)提取的房颤F波在QRST数据段有明显“扰动”失真,为减少这种失真,提出了一种ICA与小波变换相结合的F波提取算法.首先对原始信号进行ICA分解,获得初始F波及其分离向量;然后对初始F波进行多层小波分解,在小波域内构造反映F波失真的目标函数;最后利用最速下降法优化目标函数,获得准确的F波分离向量,从而实现对F波的准确提取.对仿真信号和真实信号的F波提取实验表明,该算法明显减少了F波的“扰动”失真.     

基于深度图像的不规则零件检索技术研究

提出了一种基于深度图像的三维零件模型的检索技术，通过比较模型在三个方向上的投影图像来进行零件本身的相似距离计算。该检索算法首先对零件模型进行方位规范化，然后将其投影到三个正交平面上，对投影图像利用不变矩和极半径傅里叶变换分别提取图像特征，其联合特征向量可以很好地进行图像比较，最后加权三个图像之间的相似距离得到三维模型的相似距离。该算法充分利用了机械零件自身的特点，有较好的检索性能。     

利用反演技术求解消声器内部结构参数

应用流体动力学理论研究消声器内部流场,建立消声器有限元模型,确定给定结构参数求解出口气流流速的正问题;在正问题基础上,将出口气流速度作为消声器结构参数变化时的响应,运用反演技术求解消声器内部结构参数,并将反演问题转化为最优问题,采用遗传算法和梯度法相结合的混合优化算法进行优化,得到了较理想的仿真实验结果,验证了反演技术应用于消声器设计的可行性.     

机械手逆运动学神经网络算法研究

提出一种基于模糊遗传算法的机械手逆运动学神经网络建模方法。该方法采用3层前向神经网络建立机械手逆运动学模型，应用模糊遗传算法训练神经网络的权系数。此算法可根据种群进化情况，对交叉概率和变 异概率进行在线模糊控制，加快了算法的搜索过程，有效地避免了简单遗传算法中容易出现的初期收敛问题。仿真结果表明，本方法提高了求解精度和收敛速度，不但有效克服了简单遗传算法常出现的初期收敛和BP算法求解精度低、容易陷入局部极小等缺点，而且避免了计算Jacobian矩阵的伪逆，结构简单、容易实现。     

Sensitivity matrix construction for electrical capacitance tomography based on the difference model

Image reconstruction for electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is an inherently nonlinear and ill-posed inverse problem. Reconstruction methods based on a linear approximation widely are adopted. In this paper, that the gradient of the sensitivity function is related to the severity of nonlinearity between measured capacitances and permittivity distribution is explored, and the gradient magnitude of the sensitivity is used for the sensitivity normalization process to improve the fidelity of the linear approximation. Then, a new sensitivity normalization model — the difference normalization model is proposed, which combines both parallel and series normalization models with the central difference of the sensitivity to achieve better approximation. Given a comparison of sensitivities based on three normalization models, the features of sensitivity associated with the difference models are discussed. With the new method, the reconstruction performance of those conventional iterative algorithms using sensitivity maps, such as Landweber iteration method and iterative Tikhonov regularization (ITR), is improved significantly without increasing computational burden.     

基于混合的多目标遗传算法的多目标流水车间逆调度问题求解方法*

将逆优化理论与方法引入车间调度领域,探讨近年来车间调度领域出现的一种新方法“逆调度”。研究多目标流水车间逆调度问题,建立考虑调度效率和调度稳定性的数学模型,综合考虑了加工参数改变量、系统改变量以及完工时间和等目标。提出一种基于混合的多目标遗传算法(Hybrid multi-objective genetic algorithm, HMGA)的求解方法,将多种策略进行混合以提高算法性能,主要包括快速非支配排序遗传算法(Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II, NSGAII)中的快速非支配排序方法、两种多样性保持策略、混合的精英保留策略,以及改进的局部搜索策略等。通过实例测试与方差分析(Analysis of variance, ANOVA),验证了该算法的有效性。     

Vehicle active steering control research based on two-DOF robust internal model control

Because of vehicle’s external disturbances and model uncertainties, robust control algorithms have obtained popularity in vehicle stability control. The robust control usually gives up performance in order to guarantee the robustness of the control algorithm, therefore an improved robust internal model control(IMC) algorithm blending model tracking and internal model control is put forward for active steering system in order to reach high performance of yaw rate tracking with certain robustness. The proposed algorithm inherits the good model tracking ability of the IMC control and guarantees robustness to model uncertainties. In order to separate the design process of model tracking from the robustness design process, the improved 2 degree of freedom(DOF) robust internal model controller structure is given from the standard Youla parameterization. Simulations of double lane change maneuver and those of crosswind disturbances are conducted for evaluating the robust control algorithm, on the basis of a nonlinear vehicle simulation model with a magic tyre model. Results show that the established 2-DOF robust IMC method has better model tracking ability and a guaranteed level of robustness and robust performance, which can enhance the vehicle stability and handling, regardless of variations of the vehicle model parameters and the external crosswind interferences. Contradiction between performance and robustness of active steering control algorithm is solved and higher control performance with certain robustness to model uncertainties is obtained.     

高光谱空间降采样独立成分特征分离

提出一种空间降采样独立成分特征分离方法,用于缩短独立成分分析(ICA)法在高光谱图像特征分离时的运算时间。该方法通过对高光谱图像的二维像素空间进行网格划分得到较小的窗口;基于光谱相似性测度法度量每个窗口中中心像素与周围像素的距离。然后舍弃这段距离小于阈值的周围像素,而将大于阈值的周围像素和中心像素作为样本量进行FastICA,获取投影矩阵变换原始数据,得到特征分离的ICA成分。对比了传统ICA与空间降采样(SDS)ICA(SDS_ICA)的性能,研究了降采样阈值参数、降采样窗口参数及初始投影矩阵对SDS_ICA特征分离性能及运行时间的影响。实验结果表明:应用SDS_ICA时,仅设置适中的阈值和不敏感的窗口大小参数,就能保持与传统ICA相近的特征分离性能,运行时间减少了30%以上。该方法适合应用于高光谱准实时特征提取、数据降维及目标探测等领域。