微波辐射加热技术制备氮化系列合金的试验研究

简要叙述微波加热的基本原理以及传统加热方法生产氮化合金情况,着重叙述了微波加热技术制备氮化系列合金试验,并与传统加热方式制备氮化系列合金进行了相应数据对比,同时也探讨了采用该技术的设备局限性及需要改进等问题。     

微波辐射在提金活性炭技术中的应用

概述了微波辐射在提金活性发技术中的应用，将微波辐射和传统方法制备提金炭技术进行了比较，论述了微波辐射在制备提金炭及其解吸技术中的研究进展，最后对微波辐射在提金活性炭技术中的应用作了简单的展望。     

微波在稀贵金属冶金中的应用研究进展

概述了近年来微波在稀有金属及贵金属冶金生产工艺中应用研究的某些进展,并对微波预处理矿石及促进钼精矿浸出、微波碳热制备法、微波等离子体制备法、微波烧结与煅烧、微波用于含钨钼化学品制备等工艺和技术进行了介绍.     

活性炭改性方式及其微波脱硫脱硝研究现状

活性炭改性是对活性炭微观结构的修缮过程，常用改性方法中微波辐照法和金属负载法因其独特优势备受青睐。近年来，国内外研究者在微波负载金属氧化物活性炭处理污染方面取得一定成果。本文介绍了微波辐照下金属负载活性炭的制备，分析了负载金属种类及其在污染治理方面的效果。微波作为一种环保领域新型加热方式，在微波场中活性炭可以提高加热效率、改善其表征性能。活性炭负载金属可以增加活性炭表面官能团数量，提高活性炭对特定物质的催化脱附能力。其中贵金属单质负载活性炭吸附效果最好，但制备工艺复杂、稳定性差、价格昂贵；非贵金属单质虽然价格低廉，但稳定性不高；过渡金属氧化物负载活性炭不仅工艺简便、成本低廉，而且制得的催化剂具有较好的吸附催化能力，催化剂稳定性得到显著提升。同时，探究了微波辐照下金属负载活性炭脱硫脱硝机理，发现微波辐照金属氧化物活性炭脱硫脱硝更加节能、高效；金属氧化物在微波场中可以降低反应所需活化能，从而降低能耗。展望了微波负载非贵金属氧化物活性炭脱硫脱硝的发展前景，为制备高效脱硫脱硝催化剂提供理论基础。     

高铝粉煤灰提取氧化铝的研究现状

以高铝粉煤灰为原料,粉煤灰中氧化铝质量分数可达15%～40% ,是制备氧化铝和氢氧化铝的很好资源.综述了近年来国内外从粉煤灰中提取氧化铝的制备工艺及进展,主要分为酸浸取法及烧结法.分别从各制备工艺的特点、优点及其存在的缺陷等方面进行简要的评述,并对其发展趋势进行了阐述.传统制备工艺不同程度地存在能量消耗高、产生二次污染、生产周期长、提取率不稳等不足.采用超声波、微波等新技术代替传统制备工艺中的煅烧、研磨和氟化物助溶等高耗能、高污染的技术将具有广阔的应用前景.     

前驱体法制备Ca0.8Zn0.2TiO3:Pr3+荧光粉及其发光性能

采用前驱体微波加热法、电阻加热法和传统的高温固相法等不同方法制备了Ca0.8Zn0.2TiO3Pr3+荧光粉,以 TG-DSC、XRD、荧光光谱和粒度分析为表征手段,比较了不同方法制备Ca0.8Zn0.2TiO3Pr3+的发光性质.XRD测定结果表明, 前驱体微波加热法和电阻加热法制备的样品可使反应温度低200℃,但材料的晶体化程度不高.TG-DSC的测定结果表明,前驱体在加热达到700℃以上才完全失重.荧光光谱和粒度分析的测定结果表明,与传统的高温固相法制备的荧光粉相比, 前驱体微波加热法和电阻加热法制备的荧光粉具有发光增强和颗粒细小均匀的特点,但微波加热法更为简单.     

微波烧结制备Sm掺杂TiO2光催化材料与催化性能表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法结合旋转涂膜法和微波烧结技术制备了Sm掺杂TiO2光催化材料.以罗丹明B为降解物,高压汞灯为光源,考察了微波功率、烧结时间、烧结温度、涂膜层数、稀土掺杂量等因素对TiO2光催化活性的影响;并用XRD、TG-DSC和SEM等对材料进行了表征.结果表明,采用微波分三阶段加热、升温时间65min、烧结温度520℃、涂膜3层、Sm掺杂量x(Sm)＝0.3%时,制备的光催化材料催化活性最高,5h内罗丹明B的降解率可达90%;与传统高温烧结相比,采用微波烧结缩短了烧结时间,降低了烧结温度,提高了光催化材料的活性.SEM检测结果表明,微波烧结样品的粒度比较均匀,晶粒明显细化.     

磁性纳米Fe3O4的研究进展

简单介绍纳米Fe3O4的制备方法,表征手段、应用进展。制备方法通常有化学共沉淀法、沉淀氧化法、溶胶法、微乳液法等。其应用范围主要包括在磁性密封、生物医学、微波吸收、催化剂等一些领域。     

微波辐射稀土复合固体超强酸催化合成草酸二乙酯

采用微波辐射技术,以稀土复合固体超强酸SO42--TiO2-La3+为酯化反应催化剂合成草酸二乙酯.通过正交实验设计和单因素实验考察了醇酸摩尔比、微波辐射功率、微波辐射时间、催化剂用量等因素对酯化反应的影响.试验结果表明,稀土复合固体超强酸SO42--TiO2-La3+有着良好的催化活性,当草酸用量为0.1mol,醇酸摩尔比为3.2:1,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的1.2%,微波输出功率为450W,辐射时间为12min,在此优化条件下,反应的酯化率可达97%以上.而且催化剂重复使用6次仍保持较高活性,所得产品无色透明,纯度很高.并用折光率和红外光谱等手段对产品进行了确证.     

微波辐射下稀土固体超强酸催化合成蔗糖棕榈酸酯

以蔗糖棕榈酸酯合成产率为目标函数,采用正交实验法分别研究了稀土固体超强酸催化剂的制备方法和微波辐射下催化合成蔗糖棕榈酸酯反应的最佳条件.结果表明,Nd3 -SO42-/ZrO2 催化剂的最佳制备方法和条件为:通过ZrOCl2与NH3·H2O的沉淀反应制备无定型水合氧化锆;将合成的无定型水合氧化锆在2%的硫酸钕溶液中浸泡30min;浸积有钕的水合氧化锆沉淀经过滤、洗涤和干燥后在600℃下煅烧3h.而蔗糖与棕榈酸的酯交换反应条件为:酯糖比1∶1.2,微波辐射功率390W,反应时间15min,催化剂用量为原料的5%.在上述条件下,三次平行试验的平均产率达到68%,高于相同条件下以无水碳酸钾作催化剂时的合成产率.     

微波预处理废触媒剂提锌的试验研究

针对传统工艺从废醋酸锌触媒剂回收锌效率低和不经济的问题,研究了微波辐射预处理废触媒剂和草酸浸出预处理的废触媒剂的新工艺,并探讨了不同浸出剂、传统加热及微波辐射对Zn浸出率的影响。     

微波辐射低聚壳聚糖磷钨酸盐催化合成丙烯酸十二酯

采用微波辐射技术,以低聚壳聚糖磷钨酸盐为酯化反应催化剂合成丙烯酸十二酯。利用正交设计实验优化了催化剂用量、微波辐射功率、微波辐射时间、反应物配比等因素对酯化反应的影响。实验结果表明,低聚壳聚糖磷钨酸盐催化剂在丙烯酸十二酯的合成中显示出较好的催化效果,微波辐射具有操作简单、反应速率快、节约能源等优点,优化的最佳条件为:微波输出功率260W、辐射时间12min、催化剂用量0.8%(质量分数)、十二醇与丙烯酸的摩尔比为1.0 ∶1.2。在此条件下,酯化产率达96%以上,反应速率提高了15倍以上。     

微波加热法制备SrFeO3光催化材料的研究

提出了一种新的制备SrFeO3光催化材料的方法,微波加热法。实验确定其最佳制备条件为：微波功率560W,微波加热时间30min,煅烧温度700℃和煅烧时间5h;对在该条件下制备的催化剂进行了XRD表征。在可见光条件下,以模拟染料酸性大红废水为目标物,对催化材料的光催化性能进行了研究,结果表明微波加热法制备的光催化材料具有较高的光催化降解性能,染料降解率最高可达93．4％。     

Promoting effect of microwave irradiation on CeO_2-TiO_2 catalyst for selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH_3

In this work we prepared several CeO₂-TiO₂ catalysts for the NH₃-SCR reactionusing co-precipitation with assistance of microwave irradiation. The catalytic NH₃-SCR activities over CeO₂-TiO₂ catalysts at low temperatures are largely enhanced by the treatment of microwave irradiation, the operation temperature window is also broadened. For better understanding the promotion mechanism, the catalyst prepared by conventional co-precipitation with and without microwave irradiation treatment was characterized with H₂-TPR, NH₃-TPD, XPS, XRD and BET. Microwave irradiation treatment accelerates the crystallite rate of CeO₂-TiO₂ catalysts, and greatly enlarges their surface area by adjusting their microstructures. The resistance to SO₂ and H₂O is also improved via regulating the hierarchical pore structure by the microwave irradiation. Microwave irradiation treatment can also improve the redox property and increase the acid sites over the catalyst surfaces. The result of in situ DRIFTS suggests that the microwave irradiation treatment generates more Brønsted acid sites on CeO₂-TiO₂-2 h catalyst, helpful in SCR reactions. XPS results show that after microwave irradiation on the CeO₂-TiO₂ catalysts, the surface demonstrates an elevated concentration of chemisorbed oxygen, consequently leading to better oxidation of NO to NO₂. Additionally, the molar ratio of Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ has been elevated after being treated by microwave irradiation, a vital factor in enhancing the NH₃-SCR activities.     

Preparation of Au/CeO2 catalyst and its catalytic performance for HCHO oxidation

Aqueous precipitation and deposition-precipitation method were used to prepare CeO2 supports and Au/CeO2 catalysts, respectively. The effect of preparation condition of support on the catalyst activity was investigated. The catalytic combustion of HCHO was considered as the probe reaction for comparing the catalyst activity. The BET, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, and reduction （TPR） were carried out to analyze the influence factor on the catalysts activity. The results showed that the addition of dispersant and use of microwave in the support preparation procedure could be beneficial for enhancing the interaction of supports and gold species and thus improved the catalytic activity. The total conversion temperature for HCHO was 146 ℃ over AC400. With the modification during supports preparation process, the catalytic activity increased with total conversion temperature decreasing to 98 ℃. The results of XPS indicated that Au^0 and Au^＋1 species coexisted in these catalysts and the activity of catalyst correlated with Au^＋1/Au^0 ratio. Temperature-programmed reduction results demonstrated that the reduction peak appeared between 100-170 ℃ with the inducing of gold. The dependence of activity on the reduction peak temperature implied that ionic gold was catalytic activity component for HCHO oxidation.     

纳米镍加氢催化剂的研究现状与展望

本文介绍了金属镍基加氢催化剂的催化原理,通过对纳米镍催化剂与传统的镍加氢催化剂———雷尼镍的比较分析,表明纳米镍催化剂作为新型镍催化剂有着广阔的应用前景,是未来镍基催化剂的重点发展方向,着重介绍了溶胶-凝胶法、等离子体法,以及羰基法等工业中常用的纳米镍基催化剂的制备方法,同时对这些制备方法的优缺点进行了分析评价,并对纳米镍基加氢催化剂的应用前景进行了展望。     

Simultaneous Desulfurization and Denitrification by Microwave Catalytic over FeCoCu/Zeolite 5A Catalyst

FeCoCu/zeolite 5A was used as a catalyst for microwave catalytic desulfurization and denitrification and for microwave catalytic reduction of SO2 and NOx with ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) as a reducing agent. Microwave catalytic desulfurization and denitrification efficiency attained 99.5 and 86.1%, respectively. The reaction efficiencies of microwave catalytic reduction of SO2 and NOx could be up to 95.8 and 95.1% separately; the optimal microwave power and empty bed residence time on microwave catalytic reduction of SO2 and NOx simultaneously are 280 W and 0.358 s, respectively. Microwave accentuates catalytic reduction treatment, and microwave addition can increase the SO2 and NOx removal efficiency. The microwave catalytic SO2 and NOx removal follows the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model.     

Influence of preparation method on performance of a metal supported perovskite catalyst for combustion of methane

A different method was employed for the preparation of a metal supported perovskite catalyst for the catalytic combustion of methane.The prepared metallic catalysts were characterized by means of X-ray diffractometer(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and also by ultrasonic and thermal shock tests and catalytic activity.It was found that the process factors during the preparation,e.g.the preparation of the catalyst precursor and the coating slurry,the calcination te...     

微波水热法快速合成氧化锌纳米棒及其光催化性能

以硫酸锌、醋酸锌和氢氧化锌为原料,制备出氢氧化锌前驱体和氧化锌晶种,在微波水热条件下快速合成了氧化锌纳米棒。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）和紫外?可见分光光度计（UV-vis）对氧化锌纳米棒的形貌、结构和光学性质等进行了表征,并通过降解罗丹明B（RhB）测试了样品的光催化性能,探讨了微波辐射作用对产物的催化活性的影响。实验结果表明,氢氧化锌作为前驱体在微波作用下30 min,生成为基于氧化锌纳米棒自组装的三维笼状结构,与常规方法制备的氧化锌纳米棒相比,微波辐射作用下生成的样品结晶度更高。紫外?可见分光光度计结果表明微波辐射会导致合成的氧化锌纳米棒吸收边红移,缩小带隙能量,从而提升氧化锌纳米棒的催化活性。光催化测试表明微波辅助合成的氧化锌纳米棒具有更好的可见光吸收特性,在紫外和可见光照射下,对罗丹明B都具有较好的降解效率,在紫外光照射下80 min内罗丹明B的降解率可达到98.5%。这种微波辅助的合成方法能够在短时间内合成大量的氧化锌纳米材料,具有高效批量制备、清洁环保等优点。