基于UML的变电站远程维护系统设计

由于变电站远程维护系统设计和开发非常复杂,因此笔者的研究目的是用UML来构建变电站远程维护系统软件模型。针对变电站远程维护系统的开发难点,重点采用了UML5类图中的用例图、类图、包图和顺序图进行系统的建模,描述了系统功能、系统组件及其相互关系、系统的各种包对象和系统对象之间的动态交互关系,使系统的功能关系、通信关系、对象关系变得非常清晰,实现了变电站远程维护系统的建模,为系统软件的开发奠定了基础。     

Evolution of XML schemas and documents from stereotyped UML class models: A traceable approach

Context

UML and XML are two of the most commonly used languages in software engineering processes. One of the most critical of these processes is that of model evolution and maintenance. More specifically, when an XML schema is modified, the changes should be propagated to the corresponding XML documents, which must conform with the new, modified schema.

Objective

The goal of this paper is to provide an evolution framework by which the XML schema and documents are incrementally updated according to the changes in the conceptual model (expressed as a UML class model). In this framework, we include the transformation and evolution of UML profiles specified in UML class models because they are widely used to capture domain specific semantics.

Method

We have followed a metamodeling approach which allowed us to achieve a language independent framework, not tied to the specific case of UML-XML. Besides, our proposal considers a traceability setting as a key aspect of the transformation process which allows changes to be propagated from UML class models to both XML schemas and documents.

Results

As a general framework, we propose a Generic Evolution Architecture (GEA) for the model-driven engineering context. Within this architecture and for the particular case of the UML-to-XML setting, our contribution is a UML-to-XML framework that, to our knowledge, is the only approach that incorporates the following four characteristics. Firstly, the evolution tasks are carried out in a conceptual model. Secondly, our approach includes the transformation to XML of UML profiles. Thirdly, the proposal allows stereotyped UML class models to be evolved, propagating changes to XML schemas and documents in such a way that the different elements are kept in synch. Finally, we propose a traceability setting that enables evolution tasks to be performed seamlessly.

Conclusions

Generic frameworks such as that proposed in this paper help to reduce the work overload experienced by software engineers in keeping different software artifacts synchronized.     

Improving the definition of general constraints in UML

An important aspect in the specification of conceptual schemas is the definition of general constraints that cannot be expressed by the predefined constructs provided by conceptual modeling languages. This is generally achieved by using general-purpose languages like OCL. In this paper we propose a new approach that facilitates the definition of such general constraints in UML. More precisely, we define a profile that extends the set of predefined UML constraints by adding certain types of constraints that are commonly used in conceptual schemas. We also show how our proposal facilitates reasoning about the constraints and their automatic code generation, study the application of our ideas to the specification of two real-life applications, and present a prototype tool implementation.

UML模型一致性问题研究

在定义模型一致性问题的基础上,以软件体系结构建模为例对模型一致性问题进行了分类,分析并总结出出现模型一致性问题的根本原因,最后,给出解决该问题的方法、步骤以及规则。     

A systematic review of UML model consistency management

Information System (IS) development has been beset by consistency problems since its infancy. These problems are greater still in UML software development, and are principally caused by the existence of multiple views (models) for the same system, and may involve potentially contradictory system specifications. Since a considerable amount of work takes place within the scope of model consistency management, this paper presents a systematic literature review (SLR) which was carried out to discover the various current model consistency conceptions, proposals, problems and solutions provided. To do this, a total of 907 papers related to UML model consistency published in literature and extracted from the most relevant scientific sources (IEEE Computer Society, ACM Digital Library, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and the SCOPUS Database) were considered, of which 42 papers were eventually analyzed. This systematic literature review resulted in the identification of the current state-of-the-art with regard to UML model consistency management research along with open issues, trends and future research within this scope. A formal approach for the handling of inconsistency problems which fulfils the identified limitations is also briefly presented.     

基于多个域的UML模型的一致性检测

任何模型的表示都是要有意义的、一致的，通常的解决办法是加强约束。给出了在当前软件开发过程中的解决方案。约束和语义的关系是一致性检测的基础。对建模过程中模型受到的各个域的约束进行分级：从专家系统的知识根基中引入即成建模规则并且用约束构造型定义了不一致性的类型、级别和严重程度，因此可以向用户发出警告并且帮助用户改正甚至完善模型。     

Synchronous collaborative tunnel design based on consistency-preserving multi-scale models

The planning of large infrastructure projects such as inner-city subway tracks is a highly collaborative process in which numerous experts from different domains are involved. While performing the planning task, widely differing scales have to be taken into consideration, ranging from the kilometer scale for the general routing of the track down to the centimeter scale for the detailed design of connection points. Currently there is no technology available which supports both the collaborative as well as the multi-scale aspect in an adequate manner. To fill this technological gap and better support the collaborative design and engineering activities involved with infrastructure planning, this paper introduces a new methodology which allows engineers to simultaneously manipulate a shared multi-scale tunnel model. This methodology comprises two main aspects. The first aspect is a multi-scale model for shield tunnels, which provides five different levels of detail (LoD) representing the different levels of abstraction required throughout the planning progress. The second aspect is a conceived collaboration platform, which enables simultaneous modifications of the multi-scale model by multiple users. In existing multi-scale approaches, where the individual representations are stored independently from each other, there is a high risk of creating inconsistencies, in particular in the highly dynamic collaborative planning context. To overcome this issue, the concept presented in this paper makes use of procedural modeling techniques for creating explicit dependencies between the geometric entities on the different LoDs. This results in a highly flexible, yet inherently consistent multi-scale model where the manipulation of elements on coarser LoDs results in an automated update of all dependent elements on finer LoDs. The proposed multi-scale model forms a well-suited basis for realizing the collaboration concept, which allows several experts to simultaneously manipulate a shared infrastructure model on various scales while using the different design tools they are accustomed to. The paper discusses in detail the principles and advantages of the proposed multi-scale modeling approach as well as its application in the context of collaborative tunnel design. The paper concludes with a case study of a large infrastructure project: a new inner-city subway tunnel in Munich, Germany.     

基于UML的嵌入式软件建模研究

本文以某型嵌入式控制系统软件的设计建模为例,证明了以可视化面向对象的UML建模工具,能够有效克服传统嵌入式系统软件设计中出现的问题,为嵌入式系统软件开发人员提供了一种新的设计开发方法。     

Development of a distributed collaborative design framework within peer-to-peer environment

Distributed collaborative design and manufacture enables manufacturing organizations to maintain competitiveness in the fiercely competitive global industry. This requires that the distributed system not only maintains data consistency across globally-distributed locations seamlessly, but also allows team members to access the storage system and computing resources transparently and securely. Current grid applications mainly based on client-server architecture are inflexible and rigid for fast changing collaborations among manufacturers, especially for small and medium enterprises. In this paper, a distributed collaborative design framework is presented with a hybrid of grid and peer-to-peer technology. In order to access computational resources for design, analysis and process simulation, a meta-scheduler is designed and implemented. It helps in resource discovery and optimal utilization of resources. A test bed is established, based on the framework proposed to demonstrate a distributed collaborative design and manufacturing environment.     

基于UML的一个应用软件建模实例

统一建模语言UNL是近年来面向对象分析与设计技术方面一个非常重要的成果。首先对UNL的内容和特点作了一个简单扼要的介绍,然后用它来为一个交互式应用软件——图书管理系统建模。     

形式化与UML结合的建模方法及其应用

首先阐述了形式化方法与可视化方法的优缺点,并在此基础上提出软件体系结构形式化与可视化UML互补的建模方法,主要探讨UML和Z结合的建模过程,并用一个系统开发实例进行展示。     

校园综合网UML建模及实现

中国教育逐步走向以学生为中心的教学模式,采用以学生为中心的教学模式,应加强师生之间教与学的互动.基于此,本文设计和开发了一套校园综合网站,该网站系统集论坛、博客、电子商务、人才市场等为一体.将面向对象建模语言UML引入到校园综合网站的设计和实现过程中,利用Rational Rose 2003建立了校园综合网的功能需求模型、静态和动态模型等,并根据上述模型开发了校园综合网站系统.     

UML动态建模方法在DDSS模型访问中的应用

统一建模语言(unified modeling language,UML)是面向对象软件开发方法的重要技术.决策支持系统中的模型库管理对于整体决策支持系统来说尤其重要,在分布式环境下,如何实现模型库中模型的查询、修改、增加和删除对于整体系统的性能起到决定作用,使用UML的动态建模技术,设计并实现了基于C/S模式下的DSS模型库管理系统的模型访问,并描述了通过UML来进行动态建模的详细过程.     

形式化与UML结合的建模方法及其应用

首先阐述了形式化方法与可视化方法的优缺点,并在此基础上提出软件体系结构形式化与可视化UML互补的建模方法,主要探讨UML和Z结合的建模过程,并用一个系统开发实例进行展示。     

基于UML的零件销售管理系统建模

在介绍统一建模语言（Unified Modeling Language,UML）的产生、发展和建模过程的基础上,以零件销售管理系统的分析和设计为实例,阐述UML在系统开发的开始阶段、细化阶段和构造阶段中的应用、注意点及意义.着重探讨和解决了UML在完成各阶段主要任务中的应用场合、分析设计的流程和阶段衔接等问题,并与传统的面向过程方法进行了比较分析.指出了应用UML进行分析与设计的优点和存在的问题.     

Modeling collaboration for large-scale software system integration by formal communication models

In the development of large software systems, several synchronization points have to be passed successfully in order to achieve high-end user acceptance of the final system. In particular, the integration of conceptual design entities has turned out to be the most crucial step in software development. At this point, an explicit representation of the organizational knowledge, namely how the integration can be performed, is required. The overall organization of the integration of design entities is a set of knowledge, action (including communication), and time. The knowledge part comprises the integration procedure itself as well as the design entities. Actions are performed by the members of the project team (project leaders, developers). Each integration step has to be performed synchronized, so that each member of the development team knows concurrently the status of the integration procedure. All other individual design activities are usually performed asynchronously. According to the need for an explicit representation of the organizational knowledge for large software system design, this paper attempts tounderstand the nature of large software system integration and formallydescribes the coordination of a dispersed set of software developers. The organizational knowledge is represented by processes that occur in an asynchronous development environment. The design knowledge is assigned to logical formulas that are processed as exchanged messages among developers. Hence, the activities for integration are based on the transmission of messages. Time-critical events, such as the integration of a particular design entity into the final conceptual design of the software system, have to become common knowledge concurrently for all developers. This organizational constraint has been formalized in the communication model. Not only can the proposed framework be adapted to organizational changes in a flexible way, it can also be applied to any specific development strategy for the integration of conceptual design entities. Thus, such kind of formal communication models may provide a sound basis for cooperative CASE (computer-aided software engineering) tools.This work has been sponsored by the Max Kade Foundation, New York.     

系统RBAC安全模型与其UML模型的集成

软件系统建模一般不包括安全建模,系统安全策略和安全机制往往作为开发人员在系统开发后期对系统的补充和完善的措施.这种不规范的安全需求处理方法为系统后期安全维护及系统之间的集成带来莫大隐患.阐述了系统RBAC的安全模型与系统通常UML设计模型的集成.最后结合一个实例,具体说明集成的方法与过程.     

基于UML和RUP的软件开发实例分析

UML是功能强大的可视化建模语言，RUP是先进实用的软件开发过程，二者的结合已在软件产业界得到广泛应用。本文以一个宿舍管理系统为例，描述了基于UML和RUP的软件开发全过程，重点阐述了用UML进行系统建模和RUP进行管理的过程。     

软件UML建模与RBAC安全模型

软件系统建模一般不包括安全建模,系统安全策略和安全机制往往作为开发人员在系统开发后期对系统的补充和完善的措施。这种不规范的安全需求处理为系统后期安全维护及系统之间的集成带来莫大隐患。该文阐述RBAC的安全建模与系统通常UML建模。