The Organizational Politics of the World Wide Web

Abstract

The internal conflicts within an organization may hinder the successful design and set-up of a World Wide Web site. This article looks at the three most common routes that an organization may take to get on the Web, and presents guidelines for how to overcome the organizational politics that get in the way.     

Siteseeing: Selected Magazines on the Web

SUMMARY

This “Siteseeing” column provides reviews of selected sites on the topic of 15 of the author's favorite print magazines that have Web sites.     

分布式站群系统设计与实现

分析了高等院校构建网站时遇到的普遍问题,提出了文件分布存储、数据集中存储的设计思想,并且在Java EE平台上设计和实现了分布式站群管理系统,其站点分布式部署、高度的代码共享、内嵌的网页编辑器和多种类型的内容管理使得高校可以快速、灵活、方便地构建自己的部门网站群,系统经过一年多的运行和完善,具有较大的应用价值。     

An exploratory study of the accessibility of state government Web sites

This paper focuses on Web accessibility. Relevant legislation and judicial decisions are reviewed, and prior empirical research is presented. This study presents the results from the Web accessibility analysis of the home pages of the 50 states and the District of Columbia. It found that twenty-nine percent of the home pages do not meet the requirements for Conformance Level A Web accessibility. Only one state meets Conformance Level AA standards, which are the minimum standards recommended for Web accessibility, and no state meets Conformance Level AAA standards. This paper also discusses how to address common accessibility problems.

Web Site Design Resources for the Librarian

ABSTRACT

A selective, annotated bibliography of books, journal articles, and electronic resources relating to Web site design aimed specifically at beginning library Web Managers.     

SAAD,a content based Web Spam Analyzer and Detector

Web Spam is one of the main difficulties that crawlers have to overcome and therefore one of the main problems of the WWW. There are several studies about characterising and detecting Web Spam pages. However, none of them deals with all the possible kinds of Web Spam. This paper shows an analysis of different kinds of Web Spam pages and identifies new elements that characterise it, to define heuristics which are able to partially detect them. We also discuss and explain several heuristics from the point of view of their effectiveness and computational efficiency. Taking them into account, we study several sets of heuristics and demonstrate how they improve the current results. Finally, we propose a new Web Spam detection system called SAAD (Spam Analyzer And Detector), which is based on the set of proposed heuristics and their use in a C4.5 classifier improved by means of Bagging and Boosting techniques. We have also tested our system in some well known Web Spam datasets and we have found it to be very effective.     

Databases to the Web: From Static to Dynamic on the Express

SUMMARY

The need to deliver current data on periodical holdings and electronic resources led the staff at Kennesaw State University's Sturgis Library to develop database-driven dynamic Web pages. The project's success was based on the incorporation of skills, technologies and hardware that were already in place in the library with Allaire's ColdFusion Express, a free, feature-limited version of ColdFusion Web application server.     

The evolution of a manufacturing Web site

The Boeing Commercial Airplanes Wing Responsibility Center (WRC) needed a way to communicate quickly and effectively between its various plant locations. An important requirement was the ability to provide a common means to update and disseminate information, such as vital organizational statistics, in a timely manner.Several Web applications were built for the site, providing data entry and validation, charting, reporting, paging, e-mail notification, automatic detection of broken links, and the ability to build and update pages without the knowledge of HTML or a Web authoring tool. The site and its applications work daily to support the people who build the wings for Boeing airplanes.     

商务网站的可使用性评价和测试

介绍了测试和评价网站可用性的一些实用准则,即迅速下载、易于使用、可搜索、透明性和一致性。它们无论在商务网站的设计中或者在评价中,都是十分重要的因素。     

Formal models of Web queries

We present a new formal model of query and computation on the Web. We focus on two important aspects that distinguish the access to Web data from the access to a standard database system: the navigational nature of the access and the lack of concurrency control. We show that these two issues have significant effects on the computability of queries. To illustrate the ideas and how they can be used in practice for designing appropriate Web query languages, we consider a particular query language, the Web calculus, an abstraction and extension of the practical Web query language WebSQL.     

Ease of interaction plus ease of integration: Combining Web2.0 and the Semantic Web in a reviewing site

Web2.0 has enabled contributions to the Web on an unprecedented scale, through simple interfaces that provide engaging interactions. This wealth of data has spawned countless mashups that integrate heterogenous information, but using techniques that will not scale beyond a handful of sources. In contrast, the Semantic Web provides the key to large-scale data integration, yet still lacks approachable interfaces allowing contributions from non-specialists. In this paper we present Revyu, a reviewing and rating site in the Web2.0 mould that is built on Semantic Web infrastructure and both publishes and consumes linked RDF data. This combination of approaches affords ease of interaction for regular users and ease of integration with external data sources.     

Rewriting-Based Navigation of Web Sites: Looking for Models and Logics

In this paper we outline the use of term rewriting techniques for modeling the dynamic behavior of Web sites. We associate rewrite rules to each Web page expressing the Web pages which are immediately reachable from this page. The obtained system permits the application of well-known results from the rewriting theory to analyse interesting properties of the Web site. In particular, we briefly discuss the use of some logics with strong connections with term rewriting as a basis for specifying and verifying dynamic properties of Web sites. We use Maude as a suitable specification language for such rewriting models which also permits to directly explore interesting dynamic properties of Web sites.     

On the efficiency of keyboard navigation in Web sites

An efficient keyboard access to Web sites is highly important for many groups of disabled users. However, the current design of most Web sites makes the efficient keyboard navigation nearly impossible. This paper investigates the performance of the keyboard and mouse navigation in Web pages. The comparison is based on the theoretical arguments and on two small studies. The results show that the current amount of keyboard support in common Web sites is far from being sufficient. Typical problems concerning keyboard support in Web sites are discussed, along with possible solutions and the related constraints.

Feature set and architecture of a multimedia news system over an ATM network

In this paper we discuss a multimedia news system that we have developed in the Multimedia Information Research Laboratory at the University of Ottawa and beyond. We focus on the feature set—that is, the tools and facilities associated with the system. We explain the functionality of each and give some real examples of the system in action. We then outline the architecture—the system consists of a production server for document authoring, a conferencing system for collaborative news article creation, a content database for authors, a hypernews database for hypermedia news documents, a news database server with aging and archiving, and user sites. The goal was to have all components of the system communicating on OCRInet—an R&D ATM network in the Ottawa region. We then introduce the challenges of representing and browsing large video objects and to this end we introduce a novel solution that we call video-tiles. This video tool is an effective way to browse large news videos that are frequently connected with our multimedia news articles.     

论网站的建设与管理

随着互联网的发展子商务的应用日渐走向深入和全面,形形色色的电子商务网站层出不穷。本文为此分析了互联网网站的内涵,总结了提出了网站建设与管理的思路。     

Web accessibility in the Mid-Atlantic United States: a study of 50 homepages

This paper reports on a study of 50 homepages in the Mid-Atlantic United States to determine what accessibility problems exist. The 50 homepages were evaluated using both the U.S. governments Section 508 guidelines as well as the Web Accessibility Initiatives (WAI) Priority Level 1 of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). According to both sets of guidelines, 49 out of 50 sites were found to have accessibility problems, although some of the accessibility problems were minor and easy to fix. There are two troubling findings from this study. The Web sites that had the most accessibility problems were organizations in the Web development and information technology field, which ideally should be the leaders in making the Web more accessible. The Web accessibility software testing tools, which are available to assist people in making their Web sites more accessible, are flawed and inconsistent and require large numbers of manual checks, which many developers may not be able to do. More people need to become aware of the topic of Web accessibility, and the testing tools need to be improved so that once people are aware, it is easier for them to move their sites toward full accessibility.     

Internet portals' strategic utilization of UCC and Web 2.0 Ecology

Some innovative portals are now utilizing user-created content (UCC) through community-based search (CBS). Surveys observe that most UCC is actually copied from many peripheral nodes. CBS not only changes portals from gateways to destinations on the web, but also directs the flow of contents from satellites into portals, which may further strengthen search traffic monopolization within the portal. Under a search portal's network centrality, we model the underlying economics of UCC production and traffic distribution between a portal and satellites. Our results show that a portal exercises the co-petition strategy by subsidizing traffic to satellites so that satellites return contents subsidization. Managerial and design implications to Web 2.0 sites are derived from our analytical results.     

Articulation of web site design constraints: Effects of the task and designers’ expertise

This paper aims at contributing to a better understanding of the cognitive activities of web site designers and, more precisely, their articulation and satisfaction of various design constraints. In this paper, we first present an experiment in which professional and novice designers have to evaluate a web site developed for reflecting usability errors identified in web sites. Then, the results obtained in this evaluation task are compared with results previously obtained in a design task, in which professional and novice designers had to create a web site. Data analyses focused on the number and nature of constraints articulated by designers in these two types of tasks (evaluation vs design). In particular, we distinguished constraints linked with the client of the site and constraints linked with the future web users. The obtained results show effects of both the level of expertise and the task. While designing, all of the designers focused mainly on constraints linked with the client. In contrast, while evaluating the web site, novices focused on constraints linked with the user, whereas professionals shared their attention between these two kinds of constraints (client vs user-oriented constraints). Based on these results, we conclude with ways for supporting designers’ activities.     

Web数据挖掘研究

网络资源的迅速增长使Web挖掘研究日益重要,文章介绍了Web挖掘的概念、流程以及分类,并从挖掘对象、方法、过程等方面分别对Web内容挖掘、Web结构挖掘、和Web使用挖掘进行详细的阐述.     

基于网页分块的正文信息提取方法

网页主题信息通常湮没在大量的无关文字和HTML标记中,给应用程序迅速获取主题信息增加的难度.提出了一种基于网页分块的正文信息抽取方法.该方法首先识别和提取网页正文内容块,然后利用正则表达式和简单的判别规则内容块滤除内容块中的HTML标记和无关文字.实验证明,该方法能够准确地提取网页正文信息,且通用性较强,易于实现.