Scaring the Already Scared: Some Problems With HIV/AIDS Fear Appeals in Namibia

Fear appeals are often used in public health campaigns in Africa to prevent further spread of HIV/AIDS. Based on the extended parallel processing model framework (K. Witte, 1991), this research assessed the impact of such messages in a high-fear situation. A 2 (high threat, low threat) × 2 (high efficacy, no efficacy) experiment with a no-message offset control and efficacy-only conditions tested several predictions. Participants demonstrated high preexisting fear about HIV/AIDS. As a likely consequence, statistical equivalence tests indicated that messages' threat levels had little impact on perceptions of fear or on outcome measures such as attitudes, intentions, or behaviors. It is concluded that the use of fear appeals to persuade audience with high levels of preexisting fear is ill-advised and ineffective.     

Fear and the Manager

A manager's personality, whether friendly, hostile, or cold, can be a facade to hide his fear of making certain decisions. Overcoming the basis for that fear may require adjustments in the organizational climate ? or a realistic assessment by the manager of his own personal life style.     

舰艇编队有源干扰资源分配优化研究

针对现代海战中需干扰的敌目标雷达多而我舰艇编队有源干扰资源分布分散且数量有限的特点,研究了编队有源干扰资源的分配方法,建立了编队有源干扰资源的分配模型。该模型对编队有源干扰资源进行了优选和合理使用,使其达到最佳的干扰效果。最后给出一个应用实例,说明该模型对于编队电子战具有实际应用价值。     

城市交通公众出行服务系统设计

提出了城市交通公众出行服务系统的系统架构、布网方案,给出了一种城市交通公众出行服务系统的系统设计,并讨论了城市交通公众出行服务系统实现过程中存在的技术与非技术因素,对城市交通公众出行服务系统的建设以及智能交通的发展提供了技术支持.     

A Biologically Active Surface Enzyme Assembly that Attenuates Thrombus Formation

Activation of hemostatic pathways by blood‐contacting materials remains a major hurdle in the development of clinically durable artificial organs and implantable devices. Here, it is postulated that surface‐induced thrombosis may be attenuated by the reconstitution onto blood contacting surfaces of bioactive enzymes that regulate the production of thrombin, a central mediator of both coagulation and platelet activation cascades. Thrombomodulin (TM), a transmembrane protein expressed by endothelial cells, is an established negative regulator of thrombin generation in the circulatory system. Traditional techniques to covalently immobilize enzymes on solid supports may modify residues contained within or near the catalytic site, thus reducing the bioactivity of surface enzyme assemblies. In this report, a molecular engineering and bioorthogonal chemistry approach to site‐specifically immobilize a biologically active recombinant human TM fragment onto the luminal surface of small diameter prosthetic vascular grafts is presented. Bioactivity and biostability of TM modified grafts is confirmed in vitro and the capacity of modified grafts to reduce platelet activation is demonstrated using a non‐human primate model. These studies indicate that molecularly engineered interfaces that display TM actively limit surface‐induced thrombus formation.     

Television News and the Cultivation of Fear of Crime

Why has the public persisted in believing that violent crime is a widespread national problem in the U.S. despite declining trends in crime and the fact that crime is concentrated in urban locations? Cultivation theory suggests that widespread fear of crime is fueled in part by heavy exposure to violent dramatic programming on prime‐time television. Here we explore a related hypothesis: that fear of crime is in part a by‐product of exposure to crime‐saturated local television news. To test this, as well as related and competing hypotheses, we analyzed the results of a recent national survey of perceived risk; a 5‐year span of the General Social Survey (1990–1994); and the results of a recent survey of over 2,300 Philadelphia residents. The results indicate that across a wide spectrum of the population and independent of local crime rates, viewing local television news is related to increased fear of and concern about crime. These results support cultivation theory's predicted effects of television on the public.     

Affective News and Networked Publics: The Rhythms of News Storytelling on #Egypt

This study traces the rhythms of news storytelling on Twitter via the #egypt hashtag. Using computational discourse analysis, we examine news values and the form of news exhibited in #egypt from January 25 to February 25, 2011, pre‐ and post‐resignation of Hosni Mubarak. Results point to a hybridity of old and newer news values, with emphasis on the drama of instantaneity, the crowdsourcing of elites, solidarity, and ambience. The resulting stream of news combines news, opinion, and emotion to the point where discerning one from the other is difficult and doing so misses the point. We offer a theory of affective news to explain the distinctive character of content produced by networked publics in times of political crisis.     

The Spiral of Silence and Fear of Isolation

This research explores the relationship between fear of isolation and allied concepts derived from the communication apprehension (CA) literature—CA-trait and CA-state—on opinion expression. The study took place during the final run-up to the Fall 2002 U.S. Congressional elections, and the research topic focused on the debate surrounding the possibility of the United States invading Iraq. The results suggest that (a) CA-trait, CA-state, and fear of isolation are empirically distinct; (b) these constructs differentially predict opinion expression; and (c) customary ways of assessing opinion expression in past research likely have underestimated conformity effects.     

Fear of Negative Evaluation and the Reluctance to Transmit Bad News

An experiment was conducted to determine whether reluctance to transmit an overheard message intended for a stranger depends on (1) fear of negative evaluation by that stranger and (2) fear of the message's anticipated consequences for him. It was reasoned that a messenger would fear negative evaluation if he were identified by the recipient. The hypothesis that bad news would be transmitted less completely and spontaneously than good news was supported. Unexpectedly, anonymity did not interact with news content. Instead, greater communication occurred under nonanonymity than under anonymity. These findings, along with some supportive correlational data, are reinterpreted from an attribution-theoretical viewpoint.     

多约束主动路由协议及其性能分析

主动网络是一种新型的网络体系结构,能够快速地把新协议和新应用引入到正在运行的网络中。由于主动节点具有较高的计算能力,所以能够提供比传统网络更为有效的服务质量路由方案。该文尝试把服务质量路由引入到主动网络中,结合两者优点提出一种基于主动网络的多约束主动路由(MAR)协议。仿真结果表明MAR比目前其它的QoS路由机制更简洁、更灵活、更可控。     

浅谈三网融合对区（县）镇有线网络整合的客观诉求

国家三网融合新政催发了电信网、广播电视网和计算机通信网新一轮＂改革？发展？竞争＂的格局,在这个大背景下,有线网络唯有加快整合、形成合力、深化改革、发扬特色,才能生存和进一步发展。分析新形势下三网融合对区（县）镇有线网络整合发展的客观诉求,在此基础上谋划有线网络改革发展的良方。     

主动网络技术中主动报文的保护方法

随着网络的不断发展,传统的Internet网络体系结构越来越不能满足人们的实际需要。由于缺乏灵活性,传统网络制约了新协议和新应用的开发和应用。主动网是为彻底解决以上问题而产生的一种新型网络。主动节点具有一定的编程和计算能力。用户可以根据需要注入程序到网络节点,动态地发布协议或服务。由于主动网络的高度开放性,使其面临着巨大的安全性挑战。通过对国内外大量相关文件的阅读和分析,文章介绍主动网的相关概念,并对保护移动代码安全性的一般方法进行详细归纳和比较。     

有源忆阻器伏安关系与有源忆阻电路频率特性研究

忆阻器是具有记忆特性的非线性电阻器,是物理上新实现的第四种基本二端电路元件.以分段二次型非线性函数描述的有源磁控忆阻器为例,分析了有源忆阻器的伏安关系,研究了有源忆阻器与电容串联电路(简称有源WC电路)的频率响应特性,并与有源RC电路进行了比较分析.结果表明:有源忆阻器的伏安特性曲线为紧磁滞回线,且依赖于其内部初始状态;有源WC电路与有源RC电路均呈现高通特性,但前者为超前网络而后者为滞后网络.基于有源磁控忆阻器的等效电路进行了电路仿真,其结果很好地验证了理论分析结果.     

Community Fear of Nonionizing Radiation: A Field Investigation

Four children from the same school class developed cancer. Because of concern in the community, a field study designed to document levels of environmental, nonionizing radiation was undertaken. Two school sites were investigated, the one with the cluster of cases and the other without known cases of cancer. The measured values of nonionizing radiation at both sites were not different and were well below existing exposure standards.     

主动网络的研究

主动网络是一种新型的可编程分组交换网络,它使网络节点具有计算能力,改变了传统的IP网工作模式,将被动的“存储-转发”机制转变为主动的“存储-计算-转发”机制。全面系统地介绍了主动网络的体系结构、运行机制,主动网络的发展状况及所面临的有关问题,可解决当前Internet所遇问题,展示了网络研究发展的新方向。