原油外输管线检漏系统在计量监控体系中的应用

随着油田生产的不断发展,原油外输管线使用年久,管道泄漏成了输油管网运行的主要故障,特别是近年来,输油管线腐蚀穿孔及被打孔盗油的现象时有发生,原油泄漏后不能及时发现和回收,造成较大的污染,严重制约了油田生产及集输管网的运行。     

关于长距离管道输油在持续低输量运行下如何确保效益提高

本文介绍了长距离输油气管道输油的特点和运行管理的不足之处,在此基础上提出长距离管道输油在持续低输量运行下如何确保效益提高的措施,包括提高泵效,提高加热炉效和提高职工素质,得出探讨长距离管道输油在持续低输量运行下如何确保效益的提高,提高长距离输油气管道的管理水平,是管道行业当前十分迫切的任务。     

浅析输油臂的安装

随着我国石油工业的不断发展,原油和成品油的运输量越来越大,对港口货物吞吐能力的要求也越来越高,利用传统软管输油的方法根本适应不了当前的需求。输油臂比传统的橡胶管道传输方法节省能源、传输效率高,并大大减轻了工人的劳动强度,为实现港口码头液体的机械化传输创造了条件。笔者根据多年从事设备安装工作的经验,并结合该工程的实际,制定了一套输油臂安装方案,以供参考。     

浅谈输油站管理

输油站是管道运输系统的重要组成部分,是行驶输油运行管理绝大多数环节的场所,担负着生产运行操作、设备维护保养、沿线管道保护与管理、施工现场安全与质量管理等诸多重要的职能。本文对输油站的管理现状和精细化管理谈了自己的看法。     

油库输油调度网络化管理的设计与实现

目前,油库输油调度令的下达主要采用电话联系辅以书面通知的方式。该方式具有迟缓、效率低下、查询繁琐等诸多弊端。为了有效提高工作效率,实现规范化管理,研究建立了基于SQLServer的输油调度命令数据库,并采用C#.NET平台设计了一套输油调度管理系统,实现了输油调度生产运行的网络化办公。     

浅析输油泵站关键设备安装监理控制

近几年原油、天然气长输管道越来越多．长输管道泵站施工质量对管道运行产生重要影响,场站设备安装随工艺的不同而不同,特别是起关键作用的高压进口设备的安装质量必须达到要求,关键设备在泵站安装中的质量,会直接影响到整个生产运行以及将来的维护保养,其中,高压输油泵、大功率发电机设备,以重量大,安装精度高,是进口的关键设备、是泵站核心,特别是泵站是连续运行,安装后的单机试运转显得极为重要。在本次工程施工中,重点对进口原油外输泵、大功率发电机安装质量等工序详细检查控制,在满足安装质量的前提下,为了保证将来运行安全可靠,连接了临时流程,对关键设备输油泵进行了单机试运转和联合试运转,将试运转过程进行了分析总结,对以后的原油长输管道高压泵站施工监理控制质量有一定的借鉴和指导作用。     

基于多特征融合决策树的原油管道工况识别研究

原油管网运行时有压力异常波动现象发生,影响管道的运行安全。由于管网运行工况复杂且存在多个水力系统,因此对多因素引起的压力异常波动很难识别与判断,增加了快速决策与控制的难度,增加了管网运行安全的风险。该文基于多特征融合决策树,提出一种原油管道工况识别算法,对管道运行工况的智能识别,辅助调控人员快速决策控制,对降低管网运行安全风险具有重要的意义。该算法基于管道运行过程中的压力、流量等信号含有的信息特征,以及设备运行状态变化的综合分析,通过决策树模型能够有效地识别运行工况。     

域外动向

俄罗斯石油通过油管输入中国1月1日5时48分,中俄原油管道投入运行,俄罗斯的原油开始进入中方境内位于漠河县兴安镇的首站储油罐内,标志着中国东北方向的原油进口战略要道贯通,每年1500万吨、期限20年的中俄原油管道输油合同开始履行。据俄罗斯媒体报道,当地时间1日6时30分,位于俄罗斯远东阿穆尔州斯科沃罗季诺市的石油分输站开启了供油阀门。     

稠油输送节能降耗分析

管道输送已成为石油工业的一个重要组成部分。大型输油管道的能耗直接影响着输油成本的高低。在管道迅速发展的今天，蜡对原油流变性的影响及稠油输送降粘方法的研究就显得尤为重要，从而使管道实行优化运行、减少管道阻力损失、对降低输油能耗、提高输油效率都是很有效的。     

原油动态计量技术在兰州石化公司的应用

一、兰州石化公司原油动态计量交接现状 2007年,兰州石化公司的原油加工量已经超过1000万吨,达到1056万吨。其中管道输送方式已成为我公司原油主要输送方式之一,特别是2007年8月1日乌兰原油管线向我公司正式开始输油,意味着管道输送的原油量比例将逐渐增加。因此,研究原油动态计量的规律,同时把握因产地不同而性质不同的原油对动态计量的影响,     

Optimal design of an oil pipeline with a large-slope section

One of the important issues in the operation of a long-distance oil pipeline in a large-slope area is pressure control, especially for the section after the turning point. In this study, a method to optimally design an oil pipeline with a large-slope section is proposed. The method is based on a stochastic mixed-integer linear programming model with minimal total cost as the objective function to determine the size of the pipeline, the location, the operational plan of pump stations and the location of pressure reduction stations. Hydraulic calculations and different types of oil product are considered. The uncertainty in flow rates of the pipeline is studied by the proposed stochastic programming approach. This method is applied to a real case of designing an oil product pipeline in a large-slope area.     

基于改进遗传算法的光伏系统储能优化配置

为应对光伏发电随机性及波动性对电力系统造成的不利影响,可以从系统概率潮流角度分析光伏出力特征,进而研究储能的接入对于抑制该影响的可行方案.首先,建立概率潮流元件分布模型和储能选址定容模型,采用随机行走理论和拉丁超立方理论进行样本分析和排序;其次,以降低储能投资成本、降低支路有功越限概率和减少网络损耗作为优化目标函数并进...     

埋地热油管道运行参数的准周期变化

从理论上分析了在大气温度变化的影响下埋地热油管道的运行参数以及周围土壤环境均随季节变化而呈现准周期变化规律，在分析大量实际运行数据的基础上，进一步验证了该规律的合理性，建议在有关管道的节能降耗、优化运行以及经济清蜡等问题的研究中，应该考虑运行参数的滞后影响。     

Designing a reliable leak bio-detection system for natural gas pipelines

Monitoring of natural gas (NG) pipelines is an important task for economical/safety operation, loss prevention and environmental protection. Timely and reliable leak detection of gas pipeline, therefore, plays a key role in the overall integrity management for the pipeline system. Owing to the various limitations of the currently available techniques and the surveillance area that needs to be covered, the research on new detector systems is still thriving. Biosensors are worldwide considered as a niche technology in the environmental market, since they afford the desired detector capabilities at low cost, provided they have been properly designed/developed and rationally placed/networked/maintained by the aid of operational research techniques. This paper addresses NG leakage surveillance through a robust cooperative/synergistic scheme between biosensors and conventional detector systems; the network is validated in situ and optimized in order to provide reliable information at the required granularity level. The proposed scheme is substantiated through a knowledge based approach and relies on Fuzzy Multicriteria Analysis (FMCA), for selecting the best biosensor design that suits both, the target analyte and the operational micro-environment. This approach is illustrated in the design of leak surveying over a pipeline network in Greece.     

重庆市某科研教学楼冰蓄冷空调系统设计与分析

对重庆市某科研教学楼进行冰蓄冷空调系统的设计与分析,并与该科研教学楼现在实际运行的常规空调系统进行经济性比较,分析了初投资、运行费用及投资回收期。和常规空调系统相比,冰蓄冷空调系统多投资约97万元,年运行费节省约16.1万元/a,投资回收期为6a;减少装机容量约40.86%;减少配电量约38.58%。该楼采用商业用电政策比采用居民用电政策节约更多的运行费用（居民用电与商业用电峰谷电价比均为3：1,峰谷电价差分别为0.54元/kWh,0.82元/kWh）,并使投资回收期减少一年。     

Energy-saving operation approaches for urban rail transit systems

With the accelerated urbanization in China, passenger demand has dramatically increased in large cities, and traffic congestion has become serious in recent years. Developing public urban rail transit systems is an indispensable approach to overcome these problems. However, the high energy consumption of daily operations is an emerging issue due to increased rail transit networks and passenger demands. Thus, reducing the energy consumption and operational cost by using advanced optimization methodologies is an urgent task for operation managers. This work systematically introduces energy-saving approaches for urban rail transit systems in three aspects, namely, train speed profile optimization, utilization of regenerative energy, and integrated optimization of train timetable and speed profile. Future research directions in this field are also proposed to meet increasing passenger demands and network-based urban rail transit systems.     

110 kV电网πT混合网架结构优化

110 kV电网πT混合网架结构在实际运行中存在运维量大、灵活性及可扩展性差的问题,无法满足日益提高的供电可靠性需求。针对上述问题,提出了πT混合电网结构的优化方案,并对优化方案进行技术经济论证;研究现有πT混合结构向链式π接结构过渡的改造方案,并制定110 kV电网的组网原则,指导110 kV电网πT混合网架结构优化的实施及落地。     

对广州大学城区域能源站系统若干问题的探讨

对广州大学城区域供冷与燃气轮机热、电、冷联产系统的关系进行了论证，对燃气轮机热、电联产工况进行了计算比较。对天燃气的燃料价格与发电、制冷费用进行了分析，认为采用复合能源是规避燃料价格风险，发挥三联供优点的较佳方式。讨论了大温差对管网节能运行的有利性，以及介绍管网敷设采用直埋技术的有关技术特点。     

直接蓄冷混合供冷的水蓄冷中央空调系统分析

为实现移峰填谷,在中央空调系统改造中,设计人员越来越重视水蓄冷技术的应用。本文针对常规水蓄冷中央空调系统存在的弊端,提出直接蓄冷混合供冷的水蓄冷中央空调系统。分析结果表明,利用峰谷电价差值,合理地匹配水蓄冷系统与中央空调系统,能耗成本可节约15%～20%。但过高地要求峰谷电价比,并不能明显提高系统的经济性,反而会制约水蓄冷技术的应用。本文的分析将为水蓄冷系统的实际工程应用提供理论参考。     

Hybrid Renewable Energy Resources Management for Optimal Energy Operation in Nano-Grid

Renewable energy resources are deemed a potential energy production source due to their cost efficiency and harmless reaction to the environment, unlike non-renewable energy resources. However, they often fail to meet energy requirements in unfavorable weather conditions. The concept of Hybrid renewable energy resources addresses this issue by integrating both renewable and non-renewable energy resources to meet the required energy load. In this paper, an intelligent cost optimization algorithm is proposed to maximize the use of renewable energy resources and minimum utilization of non-renewable energy resources to meet the energy requirement for a nanogrid infrastructure. An actual data set comprising information about the load and demand of utility grids is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed nanogrid energy management system. The objective function is formulated to manage the nanogrid operation and implemented using a variant of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) named recurrent PSO (rPSO). Firstly, rPSO algorithm minimizes the installation cost for nanogrid. Thereafter, the proposed NEMS ensures cost efficiency for the post-installation period by providing a daily operational plan and optimizing renewable resources. State-of-the-art optimization models, including Genetic Algorithm (GA), bat and different Mathematical Programming Language (AMPL) solvers, are used to evaluate the model. The study's outcomes suggest that the proposed work significantly reduces the use of diesel generators and fosters the use of renewable energy resources and beneficiates the eco-friendly environment.