小口径管扭转模态导波在线检测

采用扭转模态导波T(0,1)开展了小口径管在线检测研究。考虑管线服役环境及其结构特征,研制了一种适用于小口径管线在线检测的新型传感器阵列。传感器采用剪切型压陶瓷晶片作为敏感元件,具有柔性、轻质的特点。实验表明,环向布置的传感器阵列能够在管线中高效激励T(0,1)模态导波;通过提取回波信号中的各模态导波信息,实验系统能有效辨识管线中缺陷的状态变化;对于含有支撑结构的小口径管,比较并分析管线中导波散射信号及特征结构处回波信号的变化有助于辨识支撑结构附近区域损伤的产生及扩展。     

超声导波焊缝检测中阵列式传感器的信号融合方式研究

针对超声导波焊缝检测中阵列式传感器信号融合的问题,文中根据特征导波在焊缝结构中的传播原理,提出了分时激励的方法对阵列中不同激励单元激励出的信号进行叠加。通过ABAQUS有限元分析软件仿真了不同数量激励晶片组成的传感器阵列直接激励出的检测信号和使用分时激励后激励出的检测信号,并发现多个激励晶片会导致检测信号产生波形杂乱和不规则等现象;而分时激励的方法则减少了信号混杂的情况,且检测信号的能量可以随着激励晶片数量的增加而稳定增加,信号叠加效果更加理想。     

水下管道超声导波检测实验研究

扭转模态导波T(0,1)对液体载荷不敏感,其用于水下管道检测是一种具有潜在吸引力的导波模态。基于T(0,1)导波,研制了一套可用于水下管道检测的新型换能器阵列,并在实验室环境中进行了系列检测实验。换能器采用厚度剪切型压电陶瓷作为敏感元件。卡具装置采用模块化设计,模块间通过销轴连接。这种设计使换能器阵列具有一定的柔性,并可方便拆卸各模块以满足不同直径管道对于换能器数量的要求。实验结果表明,换能器阵列能在水下管道中高效激励和接收T(0,1)模态导波。模拟损伤回波信号到达时间和幅度较好地反映了损伤的轴向位置及大小。换能器阵列具有安装简单,使用灵活的特点,为水下管道超声导波检测提供了有效手段。     

激光导波阵列波束成形损伤成像方法

激光超声检测方法在结构损伤检测领域有着广泛应 用。增加激光信号用于损伤成像的技术难点。针对此挑战,采用提出的Morlet小波分析法提 取激光宽频信号中对应中心频率下的窄带信息。为实现损伤 的可视化,分析比较了导波阵列波束成形损伤成像算法中时间延迟叠加算法和相位延迟叠加 算法,其中相位延迟叠加成像法对频域内所有频率成分实施延迟叠加能克服导波的频散效应 得影响,能实现对损伤更精确的定位。为验证该方法的实用性,构建了激光激励/接收完全 非接触式的实验系统,通过对Morlet小波分析后的信号采用延迟叠加算法对损伤进行成像, 实验结果表明了:相位延迟叠加成像法成像效果比时间延迟成像法成像效果更佳,定位更精 确。     

基于超声导波的水下管道缺陷检测

文中介绍一套可拆式传感器系统设计与制作,利用超声导波原理对水下管道的腐蚀进行检测,基于厚度剪切模式的压电陶瓷和可拆式固定装置组成,可拆式传感器系统包括传感器PZT特别设计,并且可以把传感器装置夹在要检测的管道上。当对水下设备的管道进行了一系列的测试,结果表明传感器系统能够有效地激发和接收T（0,1）模式的超声导波,由于T（0,1）模式超声导波能够在水下管道上长距离传播,因此适用于缺陷检测。人为缺口的回波信号与缺口的尺寸以及位置具有良好的相关性。研究表明这一可拆式传感器系统能够利用导波有效地对水下管道进行检测。     

基于二进制编码的管道缺陷超声检测方法研究

脉冲信号激励的超声波用于管道缺陷检测时,存在平均发射声功率小及探测信号频带单一的局限,且在多发多收的阵列检测场合,很难确定接收回波的发射源,不利于被测体全声场的声学特征参数解算。为此,提出了采用正弦波频率调制的二进制超声编码方法检测管道缺陷。建立传感器编码激励响应的数学模型,通过仿真得到了传感器在不同激励频率、分数带宽和码位数下的幅频响应规律,并实现了对接收信号的有效区分和发射声源的有效标识。将该方法用于管道缺陷的超声检测,实现了管道不同种类缺陷的有效检出和发射声源的有效标识,并分析了二进制编码激励方式下缺陷对不同频带的敏感性。统计结果表明,2~4位码对管道渗漏孔和裂纹缺陷的检出率高于62%,对回波信号的标识正确率高于97%。     

基于压电超声导波的管道缺陷检测数值模拟

建立了压电材料与管道结构的超声与机械多物理场耦合有限元数值分析模型,采用ANSYS数值分析软件,在认识管道中导波频散特性的基础上,对利用压电陶瓷(PZT)激发的纵向导波进行数值模拟,探究压电超声用于管道损伤识别的机理。在管道模型的自由端周向分布16个PZT激励器激发入射导波,运用与之相距50mm处的PZT接收检测信号,对不同尺寸的单裂纹管道模型进行了数值模拟。结果表明,运用纵向导波检测能准确识别出管道缺陷的存在,且回波的幅值与缺陷尺寸有明显的正相关性,对接收信号时程进行分析可较准确地定位缺陷位置。     

基于Lamb波的材料小范围损伤检测研究

Lamb波在材料损伤检测方面的应用已相当成熟,对于损伤性质以及损伤位置的分析都是通过传感器接收到的损伤信号来判断的。但是实际检测中我们不可避免的会碰到小范围、近距离损伤探测,这时候无法做到合理的传感器布设来消除混叠信号。本文基于压电陶瓷,通过Lamb波激励模式优化,研究小范围、近距离的材料损伤检测。实验结果表明,在小范围、近距离的损伤检测中,运用双面激励方式比单面激励方式的效果好,精确度高。     

压电阵列Lamb波损伤监测信号一致性补偿方法

Lamb波结构损伤监测是结构健康监测领域的研究热点之一。针对基于压电阵列的Lamb波损伤监测研究中因传感器性能差异引起的信号偏差问题,通过分析Lamb波信号的激励、传播和传感过程,利用压电阵列中等距离传播通道直达波传递函数相同的特点,提出了窄带激励下的压电传感器机电耦合系数归一化补偿,实现对结构响应信号的一致性补偿。实验验证表明,该方法能在一定程度上抑制因压电传感器性能差异引起的信号偏差,提高了监测结果的准确性。     

基于PCM的地下金属管线信号接收系统设计与开发

多频管中电流法（Pipeline Current Mapper,PCM）是管线无损检测的常用方法之一。为了满足地下金属管线探测的需求,该文在研究PCM测量金属管线的基础上,确定了“工”字型摆放的线圈接收结构,明确了信号接收系统的总体方案,开发了一款可在强噪声环境下应用的地下金属管线信号接收系统。采用STM32F103RCT6作为系统的主控芯片,对预放大电路、信号调理电路、程控放大电路、A/D采集电路及人机交互界面进行设计。采用卡尔曼滤波对信号进行最优估计,通过管道定位、探伤算法,对地下金属管线的位置及管线的腐蚀程度进行判断。最终经过实验测试,该系统可以有效检测出管线的位置并检测管线腐蚀点,其误差在5%以内。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks