平抑风电功率波动的储能容量经济配置方法

以东北某风电场月出力实测数据为对象,通过分析该风电场的功率波动特性,提出了储能系统功率、容量配置方法。该方法以储能系统投资收益最大为目标,结合储能平滑风电出力效果,获取经济性最优的储能系统容量配置方案。结果表明,该优化配置方案在平滑风电功率的前提下,具有良好的经济效益,为风电场中配置储能系统、推进储能系统规模化应用提供了参考。     

基于DIgSILENT的风电储能系统建模与仿真

针对风电功率的随机波动性,采用储能系统改善风电机组的并网运行特性。文章分析了蓄电池储能系统的基本原理及其控制策略,并基于电磁/机电暂态混合仿真程序DIg SILENT/Power Factory搭建了对应的储能系统模型,将其配置在双馈型风电场出口母线的公共连接点处。分别在风速随机波动以及电网侧发生故障的工况下,研究所建储能系统的动态响应特性,结果表明,储能系统可以减小风电输出功率的波动对电网的影响,并能提高风电场并网的稳定性。     

分离式混合储能提升风电场低电压穿越能力研究

为实现风电场低电压穿越(LVRT),文章将全钒液流电池组(VRB)集中式储能配置于风电场出口母线处,超级电容(SC)分散式储能配置于单台风电机组直流母线处。对集中式VRB储能系统DC/AC变换器提出一种稳态下单位功率因数控制,电网暂态故障下有功平抑受限、无功支持优先的改进控制策略。在不同程度电网电压跌落工况下,研究不同位置储能系统对风电场LVRT性能的影响。结果表明,混合储能系统采用所提安装方式和控制策略后可有效实现风电场稳态下输出功率稳定,电网暂态故障下,风电机组直流母线电压稳定,VRB储能系统最大程度向电网提供无功支持,抬升风电场并网点电压。     

波动率优于国网标准的风电场储能容量经济优化配置

基于某风电场出力的实际数据,从不同时间尺度上分析了该风电场的功率波动特性。考虑了风电场弃风成本、储能惩罚成本、储能投资和运行成本,通过3种成本间的制约关系,构建了储能容量经济优化计算模型;采用滑动时间窗口算法并引入平抑修正系数,制定出波动率优于国网标准的期望参考功率。采用改进粒子群算法,针对某含储能风电电网进行了储能容量优化配置,求解出最优储能容量和最小经济总成本,对比了不同储能容量配置策略下的经济性,并引入了波动率评估因子对平抑效果进行了量化分析。仿真结果表明,该优化配置方案能够将风电出力波动率限制在20%以内,优于国网标准,且经济性最好,具有较好的应用前景。     

混合储能辅助风电场平滑出力的功率配比方法研究

随着风电渗透率的增大,风电并网时对电网产生的波动也逐渐增大,采用储能系统对风电场出力进行平滑处理,可以使风电满足规定的并网要求.针对风电场出力波动成分的频率范围较宽的问题,采用混合储能系统(飞轮+电化学储能)进行不同波动频率成分平滑,提出一种运行数据驱动的混合储能容量配置方法,利用抗脉冲平均滤波法对风电场出力数据序列进...     

基于风储经济调度的储能容量优化配置

大容量储能系统理论上可抑制风电出力波动,但其经济性不足成为实践应用的巨大瓶颈。文章从含储能的风电系统优化经济调度角度出发,以含风储的电力系统总成本最小为目标,主要考虑了因储能补偿风电功率预测误差而减小的火电旋转备用容量折算成本、因储能补偿平抑风电出力波动而减小的火电旋转备用容量折算成本,储能补偿风电场弃风成本,储能补偿火电排污和环境治理成本,以联合提高风电预测精度和平抑风电波动满足国网规定标准为约束,构建含风储的电力系统优化经济调度数学模型,采用遗传算法针对新疆某含风电的地区电网加装储能进行了储能容量优化配置。仿真结果表明,所提储能容量配置占风电场装机容量的9.60%,经济性较好,方法有效可行,具有较好的应用前景。     

混合储能提高风出力预测精度研究

风气象信息精细化程度不够造成风电场风出力预测精度低,给电网调度增加了难度,采用储能装置可提高预测精度,但是合理又经济地配置储能容量较困难。文章提出在风电场中配置蓄电池和超级电容器混合储能系统,提高风电场日前预报精度;通过高通滤波器得到误差变化较快的成分,由超级电容器来弥补;由蓄电池来弥补剩余变化较慢的误差成分。综合考虑这些误差变化特点及储能充放电功率发生概率特点,合理选取储能额定容量,并且分别搭建了超级电容器和蓄电池储能系统模糊控制规则库,根据各自荷电状态SOC优化分配混合储能充放电功率。最后对新疆某风电场并入混合储能进行了仿真分析,结果表明:采用模糊控制策略的混合储能系统能够更显著有效地提高风出力短期预测精度。     

风电场含退役动力电池的混合储能系统容量优化配置

针对退役电池在风电场平抑功率波动场景的应用,提出一种考虑退役电池时间尺度的混合储能系统容量配置方法。首先分析退役电池和新电池储能的优势,并介绍储能系统的成本构成;然后建立以全寿命周期经济性最优、考虑退役动力电池充放电时间尺度的混合储能容量配置模型,线性化后可调用求解器求解获取储能容量配置结果;最后用风电场实际数据进行分析,验证容量配置方法的有效性,并分析风电场不同储能配置时长政策要求、退役动力电池不同时间尺度以及不同控制策略下的混合储能容量配置结果。     

基于风电场出力计划的储能系统容量优化

储能系统的引入为风电成为可调度电源提供了可能,但增加了投资成本。文章提出一种基于风电场出力计划的储能系统容量优化方法。首先,利用风电场功率预测误差的标准偏差对风电场出力计划进行优化;其次,以出力计划为风电场出力目标,在风电场实际出力跟踪出力计划允许的误差带宽内,以风电并网条件为约束,用遗传算法确定出储能系统在各时刻的最优出力值,进而考虑储能系统充/放电效率、荷电状态确定出储能系统容量;最后以新疆某风电场为例进行算例分析,结果表明该方法是合理、有效的。     

基于混合储能的风电场一次调频控制

摘要： 基于机组侧的混合储能装置,提出了风电机组参与电力系统一次调频的方法。针对DFIG风电机组,研究了网侧换流器的附加功率控制方法,并设计了混合储能系统的控制器,可实现混合储能系统对风功率波动的平衡及提供一次调频的功率。针对电网频率变化进行了仿真分析,验证了该控制方法的有效性。     

Application of energy capacitor system to wind power generation

In this paper, it is reported that energy capacitor system (ECS), which combines power electronic devices and electric double‐layer capacitor, can significantly decrease voltage and power fluctuations of grid‐connected fixed‐speed wind generator. The proper selection of wind farm output power reference is still a problem for smoothing the wind farm output power. This paper proposes exponential moving average to generate the reference output power of a grid‐connected wind farm. The objective of the control system is to follow the line power reference by absorbing or providing real power to or from the ECS. Moreover, the necessary reactive power can also be supplied to keep the wind farm terminal voltage at the desired reference level. Real wind speed data were used in the simulation analyses, which validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. Simulation results clearly show that our proposed ECS can be suitable for wind power application. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The energy storage system output control strategy to improve theshort term windpower forecastingaccuracy rate

目前对于储能系统应用于平抑新能源发电的波动性、移峰填谷等场景的控制策略已有文献研究,但对于风功率预测准确率影响风电场效益的机制下储能系统应用的可行性尚未见研究。本文提出了一种以减小风电场短期功率预测偏差为目标的储能系统出力控制策略,控制策略以风电场实时出力数据（秒级）为数据源,采用线性外推加以移动平均优化的方法预测下一时刻风电场出力,通过比较风电场短期功率预测值与实时预测值,计算储能系统期望出力,并根据储能系统不同SOC区间内的出力能力进行约束,输出储能系统出力指令,最后进行了仿真验证。结果表明,本文提出的储能系统出力控制策略,能够使风电场通过配置储能系统,减少短期功率预测准确度考核,对风电场的精益化运行具有指导意义。     

Application analysis of a superconducting fault current limiter-magnetic energy storage system for the wind farm

风力发电所面临的两大重要问题是低电压穿越能力弱和功率输出不稳定。为了同时解决这两个问题,我们提出了超导限流-储能系统,并进行了单机系统的仿真研究,证实了该方案的有效性。然而对于风电场的应用,目前尚无研究。本文将超导限流-储能系统的应用扩展到风电场,分析了其提高低电压穿越能力和稳定有功功率输出的机理,并进行了仿真研究。从仿真结果来看,超导限流-储能系统能够同时提高风电场所有风机的低电压穿越能力,并能有效地平滑整个风电场的有功输出功率。考虑不同风机的互补效应,将该系统应用于风力发电场与直接应用于单台风机相比,其储能量和功率输出的要求可以大大降低,从而可以有效地减少系统总成本,因而具有更好的应用前景。     

Investigation on the integral output power model of a large-scale wind farm

The integral output power model of a large-scale wind farm is needed when estimating the wind farm’s output over a period of time in the future. The actual wind speed power model and calculation method of a wind farm made up of many wind turbine units are discussed. After analyzing the incoming wind flow characteristics and their energy distributions, and after considering the multi-effects among the wind turbine units and certain assumptions, the incoming wind flow model of multi-units is built. The calculation algorithms and steps of the integral output power model of a large-scale wind farm are provided. Finally, an actual power output of the wind farm is calculated and analyzed by using the practical measurement wind speed data. The characteristics of a large-scale wind farm are also discussed.     

Integration of an Energy Capacitor System With a Variable-Speed Wind Generator

This paper presents a system using an energy capacitor system (ECS) to smoothen the output power fluctuation of a variable-speed wind farm. The variable-speed wind turbine driving a permanent-magnet synchronous generator is considered to be connected to the ac network through a fully controlled frequency converter. The detailed modeling and control strategy of the frequency converter as well as variable-speed operation of a wind turbine generator system are demonstrated. Afterward, a suitable and economical topology of ECS composed of a current-controlled voltage-source inverter, dc–dc buck/boost converter, and an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) bank is presented, including their control strategies. Exponential moving average is used to generate the real input power reference of ECS. Another novel feature of this paper is the incorporation of a fuzzy-logic-controlled reference signal adjuster in the control of the dc–dc buck/boost converter, in which the stored energy of the EDLC bank is utilized in an efficient way. Due to this controller, the energy storage capacity of the EDLC bank can be reduced in size, thus resulting in reduction of the overall cost of the ECS unit as well as decrease in irrepressible operations during high and low energy levels of the EDLC bank. Finally, extensive simulation results are presented that validate the effectiveness of the proposed system to smoothen the output power fluctuation of the variable-speed wind farm.      

Minimization and control of battery energy storage for wind power smoothing: Aggregated,distributed and semi-distributed storage

A battery energy storage system (BESS) is usually integrated with a wind farm to smooth out its intermittent power in order to make it more dispatchable. This paper focuses on the development of a scheme to minimize the capacity of BESS in a distributed configuration using model predictive control theory and wind power prediction. The purpose to minimize the BESS capacity is to reduce the overall cost of the system as the capacity of BESS is the main cost driver. A new semi-distributed BESS scheme is proposed and the strategy is analyzed as a way of improving the suppression of the fluctuations in the wind farm power output. The scheme is tested for similar and dissimilar wind power profiles, where the turbines are geographically located closer and further from each other, respectively. These two power profiles are assessed under a variety of hard system constraints for both the proposed and conventional BESS configurations. Based on the simulation results validated with real-world wind farm data, it has been observed that the proposed semi-distributed BESS scheme results in the improved performance as compared with conventional configurations such as aggregated and distributed storage.     

风电场中抽水蓄能电站的优化配置

为解决电力系统接入风电容量超过一定比例后引起的调峰及弃风问题,改善风电场功率输出特性,可采用与风电场配套建设抽水蓄能电站的模式。在建立风电场及抽水蓄能电站运行模型的基础上,以风电—抽水蓄能电站经济效益为目标,采用一种新的自适应遗传算法对风电—抽水蓄能电站的最佳容量配比进行求解。通过对一实际算例的仿真,表明配置适当容量的抽水蓄能电站可提高风电场的综合效益。     

An analysis for the need of a battery energy storage system in tracking wind power schedule output

电池储能系统(battery energy storage system,BESS)在风储联合应用中具有多种功能,利用电池储能系统提高风电并网调度运行能力是当前研究的热点之一.文章基于我国北方某风电场历史运行数据与预测数据,依据预测误差评价指标和风电场预报考核指标的综合评价方法对风电场预测数据进行分析研究,归纳了预测误差的概率分布特征;提出利用电池储能系统提高风电跟踪计划出力能力,统计并量化出电池储能系统用于跟踪计划出力场合的作用范围;通过仿真验证电池储能系统在风储联合系统中提高风电跟踪计划出力控制策略的有效性和可行性.