Development of a housing performance evaluation model for multi-family residential buildings in Korea

This paper presents the development and application of a housing performance evaluation model for multi-family residential buildings in Korea. This model is intended to encourage initiatives toward achieving better housing performance and to support a homebuyer's decision-making on housing comparison and selection. Forty-one objective and feasible housing performance indicators, which were selected from the review of existing evaluation models and interviews with experts, are classified into a series of categories. The weights of each category and indicator are calculated by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) analysis, and a weight is converted into credit. Next, the performance grades are divided into four levels, and evaluation criteria are suggested based on statutory performance value or the one frequently met in practice. Finally, the evaluation program and the application procedure are established through the field case study. This model can be used for objective and practical evaluation and comparison of residential housing alternatives.     

Evaluation of multi-family housing systems in Poland

On the basis of selected statistical data, the authors briefly discuss the housing construction situation in Poland, focusing on two periods — that preceding the transition to a market economy (up to the end of 1988) and the period 1989–1994). Comparative analysis of selected systems of multi-family housing, based on specific criteria, has been presented. The analysis comprises systems which have been used for many years and continue to be used. The entropy method, one of the multi-criteria optimization methods, has been used in the analysis.     

Post-occupancy evaluation and field studies of thermal comfort

The similarities and differences are explored in both the aims and the methods between post-occupancy evaluations and field studies of thermal comfort in buildings. The interpretations of the field study results are explored, especially the ways the results differ from laboratory experiments. Particular attention is drawn to the dynamic nature of the interaction between buildings and their occupants. Answers to questions of the type used in post-occupancy evaluations are compared with results from field studies of thermal comfort, and the implications of these findings for the evaluation of buildings and the conduct of post-occupancy evaluation are explored. Field studies of thermal comfort have shown that the way in which occupants evaluate the indoor thermal environment is context-dependent and varies with time. In using occupants as part of the means of measuring buildings, post-occupancy evaluations should be understood as reflecting the changing nature of the relationship between people, the climate and buildings. Surveys are therefore measuring a moving target, and close comparisons based on such surveys need to take this in to account.     

Post-occupancy evaluation in architecture: experiences and perspectives from UK practice

The importance of post-occupancy evaluation (POE) is widely acknowledged in the academic literature, industry press and, increasingly, by professional institutes. Learning from previous projects systematically is central to improving building performance, resulting in a built environment that better fits the needs of clients, end users, wider society and the environment. The key role of architects in pushing forward this agenda has been recognized, however evidence suggests that take up of POE is low across the profession. Whilst research has investigated barriers to POE across the construction industry, very little has considered the unique perspective of architects. In-depth interviews with UK-based architects are presented to explore their experiences in relation to POE and their perspectives on its potential to be a standard part of architectural practice. The findings indicate that a considerable amount of practical work is being undertaken, but uncertainty over what constitutes POE means it is often excluded from the POE label – with significant implications for the development of a rigorous evidence base. An appetite is identified for more holistic evaluation measures that move beyond the current preoccupation with energy efficiency to consider other aspects of building performance, and thereby sustainability, in a wider value framework.     

Post-occupancy evaluation of residential satisfaction in Lagos,Nigeria: Feedback for residential improvement

This study is a post-occupancy evaluation of residential satisfaction in Oniru Estate, Lagos, Nigeria. It conceived residents’ satisfaction as a measure of people’s attitudes towards certain aspects of their residential environment. The very important role of certain physical quality or characteristics of the environment as a dominant predictor of satisfaction is emphasized. Apart from the measurement of residential satisfaction through post-occupancy evaluation, it also utilized respondents’ satisfaction scores as indices for evaluating the performance of residential development in the study area. Analysis was done using Chi-square statistics (p=0.05 with a level of significance of 0.000) to confirm the relationship between the quality of housing physical environment and level of residents’ satisfaction. The results show and confirm that the quality of certain physical characteristics in the housing environment is imperative thereby influencing the level of residents’ housing satisfaction. The need to consider relevant inputs emanating from the end-users or occupants of residential developments in the planning, design and development of satisfactory dwellings is highlighted.     

湖南大剧院使用后评价

使用后评价是建筑学的一门新兴学科,在环境行为学和环境心理学的基础上,采用统计学的方法,探讨建筑在实际使用中的状态.该文以问卷调查、现场勘察和访谈的方式对湖南大剧院剧场进行了使用后评价,藉此了解现代剧场的使用状况和主要问题,为今后的剧场建筑设计提供指引与建议.     

The future of earth-sheltered architecture in China's farming villages

This paper describes recent changes in housing construction in Chinese farming villages, and the effects of those changes on the use of traditional earth-sheltered architecture. The paper notes that, while reinforced concrete is now the preferred construction material, production and supplies cannot yet meet the demand for the necessary iron, steel and cement. Hence, earth-sheltered architecture—which employs locally supplied materials that require very little energy to produce—may yet play an important role in construction in China's villages. The author suggests that earth-sheltered architecture be improved to increase its attractiveness.     

房屋裂缝的原因分析及房屋质量安全鉴定评价

对造成房屋裂缝的主要原因进行了全面的分析,重点对现浇板裂缝的原因、钢筋混凝土构件裂缝的判定以及墙体裂缝的主要类型进行了研究,并且对房屋质量安全鉴定的方法作了简单评价,以指导实践。     

Post-occupancy evaluation of a restored industrial building:A contemporary art and design gallery in Mexico

This paper presents the results obtained from a post-occupancy evaluation (POE) study conducted in an old fabric building called “La Violeta”. This structure has been recently converted into a contemporary art gallery. La Violeta is located in Puebla City, Mexico. The building dates from the beginning of the 19th century; it was built and used as a textile factory until the first decades of the 20th century. This POE study aims to assess the new use of the building from the users' point of view. Methodology involves historical research of the building, analysis of the conversion strategy, walk through investigation, and a user survey .Questions regarding the re-utilization strategy used in the building and its current use are included in the survey, such as “How do people perceive the space regarding its functionality, accessibility, and comfort?” Although the re-utilization process destroyed several historic elements, the re-use of old industrial spaces that otherwise would be obsolete and disused seems pertinent. Developing small renovation projects as part of an integral and wider project seems feasible. Users perceive the building as comfortable but not properly advertised as an art gallery, and its location is difficult to find.     

On the evaluation of housing areas

Norwegian housing policy has been orientated to ownership. Housing cooperatives were organized in order to deal with social housing in the urban areas, where other nations made arrangements for a public rental sector. During the first part of the 80s, the former regulations on sales in the cooperative sector were for the main part withdrawn. The aim of this article is to describe the effects on sales prices, housing costs and recruitment of this new policy. The particular Norwegian expression in the question of ownership, was more of a liberalization process than of any privatisation. The majority of the households in the cooperative sector were given an extension of their rights, and they were thereby given the opportunity of selling to market‐oriented prices. Generally, the prices rose in a period where liberalization took place. Liberalization in the former regulated cooperative market meant an increase in rights for the sellers and far higher prices for the buyers. The rise in prices affected recruitment to a surprisingly low extent, mostly due to a corresponding deregulation of the credit market.     

Community attachment among residents living in public and commodity housing in China

Abstract

Since China’s housing reform, increasing attention has been paid to public housing. While the quantity of public housing units is increasing, residents’ attachment to the community remains underexplored. This study evaluates the social dimension of public housing from the perspective of community attachment in Guangzhou, China. We use a mixed methods approach to examine what factors influence community attachment in both public and commodity housing communities. We first analyse quantitative data (N?=?344) collected from four public housing and commodity housing communities in Guangzhou using confirmatory factor analysis, hierarchical regression, and moderation analysis. Results show that housing type has no significant effect on community attachment. Housing type moderates the relationship between community ties, perceived public services, and community attachment, whereas community ties and perceived public services are positively associated with community attachment only for commodity housing residents. Qualitative data from 21 semi-structured interviews are then used to explain the quantitative results. Our findings support the rationality of the public housing strategy in China from the perspective of community attachment. We also argue that community attachment must be analysed in a contextualized approach.     

Affordability of housing and accessibility of public services: evaluation of housing programs in Beijing

Acute housing poverty and low housing affordability among low-to-medium-income households have become challenges in the pursuit of a harmonious society in China. Promoting housing subsidies and stimulating investment on affordable housing have been at the center of China’s housing policy. This paper analyzes the correlation of affordable housing program in Beijing with household affordability of adequate housing and accessibility to public services, which include elementary and middle schools, hospitals and public transportation. Economic and Comfortable Housing is studied based on unique database of eligible household and affordable housing projects. We find that the program fails to make housing affordable and accessible for eligible households. The implications of housing policy design in the context of the economic and social well-being of targeted households are highlighted in the study.     

Patterns of infiltration in multi-family buildings

The amount of air infiltration in a building, for given weather data, depends on the leakage and its distribution on the building envelope. In our simulations of 17 designs of multi-unit, multi-storey buildings in Berlin, based on a typical meteorological year, we obtained a wide range of infiltration values, that varied according to the floor plan, the number and location of wall openings and cracks, and the flow resistance relationship between the inside and the exterior of the building. All structures investigated, although varying in age from 40 years old to newly constructed, and varying in height from 2 to 27 stories, had the following common features: all ground-floor flats showed the highest infiltration rates for the building, and infiltration rates for flats above the neutral pressure level are insignificantly height dependent. The overall ventilation rate for each of the buildings investigated is so low that infiltration alone is not sufficient to comply with ventilation requirements. Occupants control the ventilation in their flats by opening windows and doors, and, in this way they maintain satisfactory air quality but at far greater ventilation rates thatn necessary.     

为改善城区居民住房条件寻求新路

前不久,北京市政府作出决定,撤消北京皇城范围内的危旧房改造立项,同时撤消的还包括40多片历史文化保护区的危改项目.这表明,北京城区大规模房地产开发遭到禁止.人们在庆幸古都风貌得到保护的同时,也关心着另外一个问题:居住在平房区的"张大民"们,他们的居住环境将如何得到改善.     

震后房屋建筑的应急评估

依据芦山7级地震时,芦山县城房屋建造的地震危害程度为研究资料,进行地震危害的特点与要素研讨,分析了砖木体系、砖混体系、框架体系和砖石体系抗震规划的加牢方式和改良抗震效果的构造体系等等,为地震以后房屋的应急评价提供参考。