益生元,益生菌复合微生态制剂作用机理的研究

随着畜牧业的快速发展,抗生素成为提高动物成长的必不可少的添加剂,但是随着抗生素长期广泛的使用,其所表现的弊端也日益明显,所以制备能够取代抗生素位置的添加剂意义重大。本文介绍了益生元、益生菌复合微生态制剂,并研究其主要作用机理。     

泓缘益生菌对猪肉品质的影响研究

1益生菌概况 微生态制剂包括益生菌，益生元及益生菌和益生元的合生素（原）三种类型。微生态制剂作为绿色饲料添加剂现已被广大消费者所接受。一般认为微生态制剂对促进畜禽健康的作用机理包括以下几个方面。     

植物乳杆菌三联菌培养及其合生素胶囊研制

研究了以植物乳杆菌(Lplantarum H5．1)、嗜热乳链球菌和双歧杆菌为益生菌。从工业化生产角度出发，优化培养基配方和高密度培殖技术，并复配益生元；应用乳化缩聚法制备微囊技术和肠溶性胶囊包装，延长了合生素产品中益生菌保藏时间，解决了经胃溶进入肠道益生菌存活率低的问题，起到肠靶向性作用，同时节约了生产成本。     

微生态调节剂中双岐杆菌检测方法探讨

选用６种琼脂，对市售的５种微生态调节剂进行双歧杆菌活菌计数培养比较，结果显示含双歧杆菌在ＭＲＳ琼脂、两岐双岐杆菌培养琼脂、ＬＢＳ琼脂、ＥＢ琼脂、ＧＡＭ琼脂及普通营养琼脂等平板上经３７℃培养４８ｈ后均能生长形成一定数量的菌落。除在普通营养琼脂平板上形成的菌落呈针尖状，不易观察菌落特征外，其它５种琼脂平板上形成的菌落都能显示其特征，但在不同平板上形成的双岐杆菌菌落各有差异。经统计处理：Ｆ＝３．１８〉Ｆ     

微生态引领现代健康生活方式

微生态制剂具有通过协调肠道菌群的平衡来增强人体健康的功效,已经逐步得到人们的接受和认可,随着对益生茵研究的不断深入,它的功效和应用也在进一步探索之中。科学实验证明,微生态制剂尤其是与益生元产品复配添加后在改善肠道功能、加强免疫系统、促进营养吸收等方面有着积极的作用,对于改善现代生活习惯、培养营养健康生活方式有着积极的作用。     

微生态调节剂型活性钙粉的研制

以双歧杆菌为发酵菌株，豆粕浸液制备发酵种子液，猪、羊、牛和鸡等动物骨骼为主要发酵基质，研制出一种集活性钙源、营养添加剂、微生态调节3大作用于一体的新型钙制剂——微生态调节剂型活性钙粉。进行了双歧杆菌发酵动物骨骼捌取补钙制剂的研究。系统地考察研磨条件、速冻干燥保护剂、葡萄糖添加量对发酵及双歧杆菌活菌数的影响，并开发出一种制作简单、使用和保存方便的发酵种子液，确定一套操作方法简便可行的生产工艺。试验结果表明，用双歧杆菌发酵动物骨骼是可行的，各种动物骨骼均可作为发酵原料，骨骼在发酵前要细磨，最佳保护剂为奶粉。适宜的真空速冻干燥时间为14h。     

益生菌对乙型肝炎孕妇肠道微生态调节研究进展

中国是乙肝大国,慢性乙型肝炎孕妇的病理、疾病进展与肠道微生态健康密切相关。“肠-肝轴”假说认为肠道菌群是肠道和肝脏相互作用的重要中介。研究表明益生菌具有抗乙肝病毒活性,能够预防妊娠并发症的发生。本综述就乙肝对肠道菌群、妊娠并发症的影响,以及益生菌干预功效进行综述,为通过益生菌调节肠道微生态改善乙肝孕妇健康提供科学参考。     

植物多酚对肠道微生态影响的研究进展

介绍了植物多酚对肠道微生态的调节机制,对不同种类的多酚类物质及混合多酚提取物对肠道菌群菌落结构变化的影响进行了论述,并对今后植物多酚的研究方向及相关产品的开发进行了展望。     

益生元——向肠道微生态失衡“宣战”

上大学二年级的楠楠，一向追求时尚．即使恶劣的天气里也宁愿美丽“冻”人，大秀身材。不久前，穿着短衣短裙的楠楠被淋了一场大雨．回到家后便发烧不止，咳嗽不断．只好去医院治疗。注射了很长一段时间的抗生素后，发烧咳嗽终于好转了，可是新问题又出现了，大便变得不正常了．要么就便秘．三四天才能上一次厕所而且排便的过程非常痛苦；     

Probiotics and prebiotics--perspectives and challenges

Owing to their health benefits, probiotics and prebiotics are nowadays widely used in yogurts and fermented milks, which are leader products of functional foods worldwide. The world market for functional foods has grown rapidly in the last three decades, with an estimated size in 2003 of ca US$ 33 billion, while the European market estimation exceeded US$ 2 billion in the same year. However, the production of probiotics and prebiotics at industrial scale faces several challenges, including the search for economical and abundant raw materials for prebiotic production, the low-cost production of probiotics and the improvement of probiotic viability after storage or during the manufacturing process of the functional food. In this review, functional foods based on probiotics and prebiotics are introduced as a key biotechnological field with tremendous potential for innovation. A concise state of the art addressing the fundamentals and challenges for the development of new probiotic- and prebiotic-based foods is presented, the niches for future research being clearly identified and discussed.     

Bioavailability of calcium,magnesium and phosphorus in rats fed probiotic,prebiotic and synbiotic powder follow‐up infant formulas and their effect on physiological and nutritional parameters

The effect of infant formulas supplemented with functional ingredients on calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and phosphorus (P) bioavailability was investigated in rats. Seven follow‐up infant formulas containing probiotics (Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium longum), prebiotics (galactooligosaccharides at 12, 50 and 100 g kg^?1) or synbiotics (bifidobacteria and galactooligosacccharides) were administered to weanling rats for 30 days. A 3 day mineral balance was performed over three periods (8–10, 18–20 and 28–30 days) to monitor mineral apparent absorption and retention ratios and physiological and nutritional parameters. Feeding rats on infant formula‐based diets showed high feed efficiency (≥0.46). It was found that infant formulas supplemented with probiotics and/or prebiotics for 30 days increased Ca, Mg and P bioavailability in rats. Mineral apparent absorption and retention ratios were higher than 90% for Ca and P and 80% for Mg during the first balance period regardless of the infant formula used, but they decreased during the next two balance periods. Although it was not possible to select one infant formula as the best to improve mineral absorption, the 100 g kg^?1 prebiotic and 50 and 100 g kg^?1 synbiotic infant formulas were the most efficient at increasing Ca, Mg and P bioavailability compared with the control group. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effects of probiotic,prebiotic and synbiotic follow‐up infant formulas on large intestine morphology and bone mineralisation in rats

The effects of powder functional follow‐up infant formulas on the morphology of the large intestine and the bone mineral content in rats were investigated. Infant formulas were supplemented with probiotics (Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium longum), prebiotics (galacto‐oligosaccharides (4′‐GOS) at 12, 50 and 100 g kg^?1) or synbiotics (bifidobacteria and 4′‐GOS) and administered to seven groups of weanling rats over 30 days. After sacrificing the animals, the caecum and colon were removed and the luminal content pH and the crypt depth and cell density within the epithelial layer were measured. Results showed that groups fed synbiotic diets had significantly (P < 0.05) lower caecal and colonic content pH values compared with the control group. However, no test diet significantly modified the crypt depth or cell density in the caecum. In contrast, all seven test diets significantly increased (P < 0.05) the crypt depth in both the proximal and distal portions of the colon. There was a high correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.870) between caecal and colonic content pH values. On the other hand, colonic content pH was negatively correlated with crypt depth in both the proximal and distal colon and with cell density in the distal colon. The authors previously reported increases in calcium, magnesium and phosphorus absorption using the same infant formulas. In the present study it was concluded that the increase in calcium absorption took place in the distal colon whereas magnesium absorption increased in both the proximal and distal colon, and their contents (especially that of calcium) increased in both the femur and tibia. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

食品工业中常用益生素和化学益生素研究进展

本文综述益生素和化学益生素的定义、作用机理及近年在食品工业中常用益生素和化学 益生素的最新研究进展。     

Review on potential non-dairy synbiotic beverages: a preliminary approach using legumes

In the past few years, certain functional foods have gained consumer acceptance like those containing synbiotics (a blend of both prebiotics and probiotics) in different food systems. Synbiotics enhance gut functionality and confer health benefits to humans. However, due to the limitations exerted by dairy-based matrices like lactose intolerance, milk allergies, limited shelf life and inclination towards veganism, consumer’s interest in non-dairy foods has increased. Among the non-dairy matrices, legumes (such as chickpeas, kidney beans, lupin) are the less explored areas with the majority focus on only soya beans. The present review gives brief information about the different research associating with various legume-based probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotic foods narrowing down specifically to beverages. The integration of such information will allow the researchers to explore product development using new prebiotic ingredients that have not been studied in much detail and hold an exceptional potential to be employed in the synbiotic food industry.     

益生元魔芋葡甘低聚糖研究进展

魔芋葡甘低聚糖是魔芋葡甘露聚糖的降解产物,是一种功能性低聚糖,其促益生菌的作用使其具有巨大的发展前景。本文综述了益生菌和益生元及促益生菌作用的魔芋葡甘低聚糖及其制备方法等的研究进展。     

食用菌的益生元效应研究进展

肠道微生物在人类健康和疾病预防中起着重要作用。益生元因能对肠道菌群的结构和数量发挥调节作用,成为当前保健食品研究的热点。体内外实验研究表明食用菌对宿主肠道菌群有改善作用,能促进有益菌群(如乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌)的代谢和增殖,同时对病原菌(如大肠杆菌、梭状芽孢杆菌和沙门氏菌)有明显的抑制作用。食用菌发挥益生元作用的主要物质基础为其中的非消化性活性多糖。     

后生元的研究进展

益生菌是对宿主健康有益的活性微生物,后生元是对宿主健康有益的无生命微生物和/或其成分.文章结合近年来对后生元的研究成果,综述了后生元在调节免疫、缓减过敏症状、调节胃肠道功能、抗氧化、抗炎症,以及降血糖、预防龋齿、抗肿瘤、降血压等方面的功能特性,同时概述了其可能的作用机制.与活菌相比,后生元具有安全、稳定、易于储运等优势...     

Prevention of infections by probiotics

'Viable bacteria that exhibit beneficial effects for health based on improvement of balance of intestinal bacterial flora' was the most common definition of probiotics, but the diversity of their action mechanisms, including immune regulation, has been clarified, and probiotics have recently been broadly defined as 'live microorganisms which when administered in adequet amounts confer a health benefit on the host'. Coined words such as prebiotics, describing non-digestible food fiber components that contribute to host health by activating proliferation and function of beneficial intestinal bacteria, and synbiotics, describing a combination of probiotics and prebiotics have also been established as medical expressions. In this report, clinical studies of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on prevention of infection by various infectious diseases in humans are reviewed. The effects of and action mechanisms against sporadic intestinal infectious diseases that are difficult to investigate in humans (enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and Salmonellosis) in experimental animal models are also reviewed. Finally, points necessary for clarification of the role of probiotics in health care, and their functions in health care foods are discussed.     

Physiological Changes of Surface Membrane in Lactobacillus with Prebiotics

Synbiotics are always considered to be beneficial in healthy manipulation of gut environment; however, the purpose of this research was to investigate the dominance of synbiotic over the individual potential of probiotics and prebiotics. Four different types of prebiotics, fructo‐oligosaccharides, raffinose, inulin, and cellobiose, were evaluated based on their varying degree of polymerization, combined each with 2 different Lactobacilli strains, including Lactobacillus paracasei 276 and Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1. The effects of synbiotics combination on the surface structure were evaluated by analyzing auto‐aggregation, membrane hydrophobicity, and adhesion to Caco‐2 cells. Our results showed that both Lactobacilli exhibited significantly greater degree of attachment to Caco‐2 cells (23.31% and 16.85%, respectively) when using cellobiose as a substrate than with other prebiotics (P < 0.05). Intestinal adhesion ability was in correlation with the percent of auto‐aggregation, both Lactobacillus exhibited higher percent of auto‐aggregation in cellobiose compared to other prebiotics. These behavioral changes in terms of attachment and auto‐aggregation were further supported with the changes noticed from infrared spectra (FT‐IR).