溅射气压对ZnO透明导电薄膜光电性能的影响

采用射频磁控溅射方法,在普通玻璃上制备了具有高度c轴取向的ZnO薄膜,研究了溅射气压(0.2～1.5 Pa)对ZnO薄膜的微观结构和光电性能的影响.AFM、XRD、UV-Vis分光光度计及四探针法研究表明:随着溅射气压的增大,ZnO薄膜沿c轴方向的结晶质量提高,晶粒细化,薄膜表面更加致密,晶粒大小更加均匀;ZnO薄膜在400～900nm范围内的平均透过率均高于85%,其中在0.5～1.5 Pa范围内其透过率高于90%;样品在高纯氮气气氛中经350 ℃,300 s退火后,电阻率最低达到10-2 Ω-cm量级.     

Effect of working pressure and temperature on ZnO film deposited on free-standing diamond substrates

The structure characteristic and electric performance of ZnO film deposited on nucleation side of free-standing diamond substrates under different heating temperatures (T_h) of substrate and working pressures (p) were studied. The structure of the ZnO films tested by X-ray diffraction shows that ZnO film of high c-axis orientation is deposited on the nucleation side of free-standing diamond substrate which is extremely smooth when T_h=250 °C and p=0.4 Pa. After annealing at 480 °C in N₂ atmosphere, the SEM and the AFM analyses demonstrate that the c-axis orientation of ZnO film is obviously enhanced. The resistivity of ZnO films also increases up to 8×10⁵ Ωcm which is observed by I–V test.     

Zn靶与掺铝ZnO靶共溅射制备ZnO:Al薄膜及其性能

采用Zn靶和ZnO(掺2%Al2O3(质量分数))陶瓷靶在玻璃衬底上共溅射沉积Al掺杂ZnO薄膜,即ZnO:Al透明导电薄膜,研究Zn靶溅射功率(0～90 W)和衬底温度(室温、100℃和200℃)对薄膜结构、形貌、光学和电学性能的影响。结果表明:按双靶共溅射工艺制备的ZnO:Al薄膜的晶体结构均为六角纤锌矿结构,且随着Zn靶溅射功率的增加,薄膜的结晶质量呈现出先改善后变差的规律,薄膜中的载流子浓度逐渐升高,电阻率逐渐降低,而薄膜的光学性能受其影响不大;随着衬底温度的升高,薄膜的结晶性能得到改善,薄膜的可见光透过率增强,电阻率降低。     

Properties of doped ZnO transparent conductive thin films deposited by RF magnetron sputtering using a series of high quality ceramic targets

To obtain high transmittance and low resistivity ZnO transparent conductive thin films,a series of ZnO ceramic targets (ZnOAl,ZnO(Al,Dy),ZnO(Al,Gd),ZnO(Al,Zr),ZnO(Al,Nb),and ZnO(Al,W)) were fabricated and used to deposit thin films onto glass substrates by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering.X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that the films are polyerystalline fitting well with hexagonal wurtzite structure and have a preferred orientation of the (002) plane.The transmittance of above 86% as well as the lowest resistivity of 8.43 x 10-3 Ω·cm was obtained.     

Effect of Ru addition on the properties of Al-doped ZnO thin films prepared by radio frequency magnetron sputtering on polyethylene terephthalate substrate

The addition of ruthenium in aluminum-doped zinc oxide transparent conducting thin films was deposited on polyethylene terephthalate at 20 °C by radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique. The structure and electrical properties of the films were investigated with respect to variation of Ru concentration. The XRD and FESEM results show that the film with 0.5 wt% Ru doping has the best crystallinity and larger pyramid-like grains, therefore the resistivity reached to a lowest value of 9.1 × 10⁻⁴ Ωcm. The low carrier mobilities of the films (3–7.2 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹), however, were limited by ionized impurity scattering and grain boundary scattering mechanisms since the carrier concentrations were ranged from 2.2 × 10²⁰ to 9.5 × 10²⁰ cm⁻³. The transmittance in the visible is greater than 80% with the optical band gap in the order of 3.352–3.391 eV.     

316L不锈钢直流磁控溅射制备铝膜的工艺研究

采用直流磁控溅射在316L不锈钢上制备了高质量的Al膜,并利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪分别对镀层的形貌和结构及应力进行了分析。结果表明,温度、溅射功率之间的合理配置才能制备致密性高、表面缺陷少的Al膜,较优工艺参数温度为170℃、溅射功率1400 W;温度比溅射功率更容易改善结晶度,当溅射功率高、基体温度低,薄膜趋向非晶态;制备的薄膜应力小,最大约为0.176 GPa,微结构对应力影响大。     

退火处理对不同RF功率下制备ZnO薄膜的结晶性能的影响

采用RF磁控溅射法,在不同溅射功率下在玻璃衬底上制备了ZnO薄膜,并对所制备的ZnO薄膜在空气气氛中进行了不同温度（350-600℃）的退火处理.利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等研究了退火对不同溅射功率条件下制备的ZnO薄膜晶体性能和应力状态的影响.研究表明,在衬底没有预热的情况下,较低功率（190W）下制备的ZnO薄膜,当退火温度为500℃时,能获得单一c轴择优取向和最小半高宽,张应力在350℃退火时最小;较高功率（270W）下,薄膜最佳c轴取向和晶粒度在600℃退火温度获得,张应力最小的退火温度在350-500℃之间.当衬底预热至300℃时,退火处理对两种功率下制备的薄膜的结晶性能和应力的影响基本一致.     

Influence of oxygen partial pressure on properties of N-doped ZnO films deposited by magnetron sputtering

N-doped ZnO films were radio frequency(RF)sputtered on glass substrates and studied as a function of oxygen partial pressure(OPP)ranging from 3.0×10-4 to 9.5×10-3 Pa.X-ray diffraction patters confirmed the polycrystalline nature of the deposited films.The crystalline structure is influenced by the variation of OPP.Atomic force microscopy analysis confirmed the agglomeration of the neighboring spherical grains with a sharp increase of root mean square(RMS)roughness when the OPP is increased above 1.4×10-3 Pa.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed that the incorporation of N content into the film is decreased with the increase of OPP,noticeably N 1s XPS peaks are hardly identified at 9.5×10-3 Pa.The average visible transmittance(380-700 nm) is increased with the increase of OPP(from～17%to 70%),and the optical absorption edge shifts towards the shorter wavelength.The films deposited with low OPP(≤3.0×10-4 Pa)show n-type conductivity and those deposited with high OPP(≥9.0×10-4 Pa)are highly resistive(105Ω·cm)     

Sb doping behavior and its effect on crystal structure, conductivity and photoluminescence of ZnO film in depositing and annealing processes

The Sb-doped ZnO (ZnO:Sb) and undoped ZnO films with wurtzite structure and (0 0 2) preferred orientation were deposited on Si(1 0 0) substrate at 550 °C. It is deduced from XRD and XPS measurements that the Sb in the as-grown ZnO:Sb has high oxidation state and dopes in the form of oxygen-rich Sb-O clusters, which results in a large inner stress and a great increase of the c-axis lattice constant. After annealing at 750 °C under vacuum, the c-axis lattice constant of the ZnO:Sb decreases sharply to near the value of ZnO bulk, the electrical properties change from n-type to p-type and the PL intensity ratio of the visible to ultraviolet emission band goes down greatly, as the Sb content increases from 0 to 2.1 at.%. EDS and XRD measurements indicate that some of Sb dopants escape from the ZnO:Sb films and the oxygen-rich Sb-O clusters vanished after the annealing process. The effect of the change in Sb doping behavior on crystal structure, conductivity and PL is discussed in detail.     

Influence of oxygen gas content on the structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films deposited by RF magnetron sputtering at room temperature

Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were deposited on sapphire (0001) substrates at room temperature by radiofrequency (RF) magnetron sputtering at oxygen gas contents of 0%,25%,50% and 75%,respectively.The influence of oxygen gas content on the structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films was studied by a surface profile measuring system,X-ray diffraction analysis,atomic force microscopy,and UV spectrophotometry.It is found that the size of ZnO crystalline grains increases first and then decreases with the increase of oxygen gas content,and the maximum grain size locates at the 25% oxygen gas content.The crystalline quality and average optical transmittance (>90%) in the visible-light region of the ZnO film prepared at an oxygen gas content of 25% are better than those of ZnO films at the other contents.The obtained results can be attributed to the resputtering by energetic oxygen anions in the growing process.     

Characterization of calcium titanate thin films deposited on titanium with reactive sputtering and pulsed laser depositions

In the present study, characteristics of calcium titanate thin films deposited on titanium by reactive sputtering and pulsed laser deposition techniques were investigated. In both techniques, a calcium titanate target was used as a deposition source, and the titanium substrate was heated at 873 K during the deposition. The oxygen flow for the reactive sputtering was in the range of 1 to 10 sccm, and the oxygen pressure for the pulsed laser deposition was in the range of 0.13 to 13 Pa. The deposited films were crystallized into perovskite-type calcium titanate; furthermore, a titanium-dioxide layer formed in the interface between the film and substrate. In the film deposited by reactive sputtering with low oxygen flow, titanium-to-calcium ratio ([Ti]/[Ca]) is lower than that of stoichiometric calcium titanate due to the formation of calcium hydroxide. The ratio increases with an increase of oxygen flow, and the ratio of the film deposited with a 10-sccm oxygen flow was almost in accordance with that of stoichiometric calcium titanate. On the other hand, in the pulsed laser deposition, [Ti]/[Ca] ratios of the deposited film were almost in accordance with that of stoichiometric calcium titanate at the oxygen pressure under the present experimental condition. In both deposition techniques, the thickness of the titanium-oxide layer increased with an increase of the amount of oxygen gases. The results indicate that the pulsed laser deposition has an advantage for the preparation of the stoichiometric calcium titanate film without formation of a thick titanium-oxide layer.     

Growth of highly oriented Pt(100) thin films on a MgO(100) seed layer deposited on Si(100) substrates by rf magnetron sputtering

The growth of highly oriented Pt(100) thin films on Si(100) substrates deposited by rf magnetron sputtering was studied using a MgO(100) seed layer. The effects of the sputtering parameters on the growth of the MgO(100) seed layer were investigated in order to obtain the deposition condition which gives the best crystalline quality of (100) oriented MgO thin films. A highly crystallized MgO(100) film was obtained at a substrate temperature of 425°C, a rf power of 4.4W/cm² and a pressure of 12.5 mTorr. The crystalline quality of the MgO film was greatly decreased when the Si substrate was oxidized. The degree of (100) preferred orientation of the Pt film deposited on a MgO(100)//Si(100) substrate was found to be sensitive to the thickness of the MgO(100) seed layer, which is explained by the thickness dependence of the crystalline quality and the surface roughness of the MgO seed layer. A highly oriented Pt(100) film, for which the I₂₀₀/(_I200+I₁₁₁) ratio was about 0.8, was obtained at 550°C on a 50 nm thick MgO seed layer.     

TiNi/ZnO复合智能薄膜的制备及性能研究

使用射频磁控溅射法在石英衬底上制备quartz/ZnO/TiNi及quartz/TiNi/ZnO复合薄膜结构,利用XRD、SEM划痕仪等测试方法研究了复合薄膜的相结构、微观组织、力学性能。利用DMA分别研究了quartz/TiNi与quartz/ZnO/TiNi复合结构的阻尼性能随振动频率及振幅的变化规律。结果表明,前者频率响应范围在10 Hz以内,后者响应范围达到20 Hz;前者的临界外加激振电压仅为0.6 V,后者的临界外加激振电压达到1.0 V。阻尼性能测试表明,quartz/ZnO/TiNi复合结构的阻尼性能优于quartz/TiNi复合结构。由划痕仪测得两种复合薄膜结构与基体的临界结合力分别为45.75和40.15 N     

The effect of film composition on the structure and mechanical properties of NiTi shape memory thin films

Shape memory NiTi-based thin films approximately 2 μm thick were deposited onto Si (100) substrates at room temperature by simultaneous DC magnetron sputter deposition from separate elemental Ni and Ti targets. The effect of composition on film structure, surface morphology, transformation temperature and mechanical behavior was studied using variable temperature X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, electrical resistivity, and nanoindentation. The films showed the expected shape memory and superelasticity behavior corresponding to the different film compositions, comparable with bulk properties. The transformation from the low temperature martensitic phase to the high temperature parent phase takes place above room temperature in Ti-rich and near-equiatomic films, and below room temperature in Ni-rich films. Mechanical properties of films investigated at room temperature by a series of nanoindentations at mN loads (indentation depth < 200 nm) with a spherical indenter demonstrate superelasticity in Ni-rich material and martensitic deformation for Ti-rich and near-equiatomic compositions.     

铝掺杂对ZnO:Al薄膜结晶性能与微观组织的影响

以二水合醋酸锌为原材料,采用溶胶-凝胶浸涂法在钠钙玻璃基片上制备了具有c轴择优取向的ZnO:Al薄膜,考察了铝掺杂浓度对薄膜结晶性与微观组织结构的影响.结果表明:铝掺杂使ZnO薄膜(002)晶面的2θ向高角度方向偏移,c轴择优取向性增强,晶粒变小(15～20 nm).当铝掺杂浓度(摩尔分数)为1%～2%时,微观组织结构变得致密均匀;当铝掺杂浓度大于2%时,发生颗粒团聚现象;在高掺杂浓度下(5%和8%),出现大尺寸片状ZnO:Al晶粒异常长大,生长出特殊形貌的薄膜.     

A comparison of transmittance properties between ZnO∶Al films for transparent conductors for solar cells deposited by sputtering of AZO and cosputtering of AZO/ZnO

Aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) thin films were deposited on sapphire (002) andglass substrates by two different sputtering techniques radio frequency magnetron cosputtering of AZO and ZnO targets and sputtering of an AZO target. The dependence of the photoluminescence (PL) and transmittance properties of the AZO films deposited by cosputtering and sputtering on the AZO/ZnO target power ratio, R and the O2/Ar flow ratio, r were investigated, respectively. Only a deep level emission peak appears in the PL spectra of cosputtered AZO films whereas both UV emission and deep level emission peaks are observed in the PL spectra of sputtered AZO films. The absorption edges in the transmittance spectra of the AZO films shift to the lower wavelength region as R and r increase. Effects ofcrystallinity, surface roughness, PL on the transmittance of the AZO films werealso explained using the X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and PL analysis results.     

沉积参数及退火条件对AlN薄膜电学性能的影响

利用射频反应磁控溅射在Si（100）基底上沉积AlN介质薄膜,并在不同温度下对薄膜进行快速退火。通过抗电强度测试仪、电容电压测试C-V、X射线衍射仪、电子能谱仪、原子力显微镜和椭圆偏振仪等研究薄膜的击穿电压、介电常数、晶体结构、化学成分、表面形貌及薄膜的折射率。结果表明：溅射功率和溅射气压对薄膜的击穿电压有很大的影响,溅射功率为250 W,气压为0.3 Pa时薄膜的抗电性能较好;薄膜的成分随溅射气压发生变化,N与Al摩尔比最高达到0.845;随退火温度的增加,薄膜晶体结构发生非晶-闪锌矿-纤锌矿的转变;薄膜的折射率随退火温度的升高而增加。     

Effect of defect complex on magnetic properties of (Fe,Mn)-doped ZnO thin films

We have observed room temperature ferromagnetism in Mn-doped and (Fe, Mn)-codoped ZnO thin films grown under different oxygen partial pressures by pulsed laser deposition. The X-ray diffraction and optical transmission spectra studies demonstrate the natural incorporation of Fe and Mn cations into wurtzite ZnO lattices. The effects of transition metal doping and defects on the magnetic properties was investigated. It is found that room temperature ferromagnetism is sensitive to oxygen vacancy and Zn vacancy. The absence of ferromagnetism in pure ZnO films grown under different oxygen partial pressures reveals that the transition metal ions should also play an important role in inducing the ferromagnetism.     

Room temperature deposition of Al-doped ZnO thin films on glass by RF magnetron sputtering under different Ar gas pressure

Al-doped ZnO (AZO) thin films were deposited on glass substrates at room temperature by RF magnetron sputtering. The effects of Ar gas pressure on the structural, optical, and electrical properties were investigated. As the Ar gas pressure increased, the resistivities of the AZO thin films increased, the mobilities decreased, and the carrier concentrations were constant. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that higher Ar gas pressures promoted O-Zn bond formation and reduced the number of oxygen vacancies. The reduction in mobility, which increased the resistivity, was attributed to increased lattice scattering by the oxygen atoms. In AZO thin films deposited at room temperature, the conduction characteristics are primarily influenced by the mobility.     

Effect of substrate rotation speed on structure and properties of Al-doped ZnO thin films prepared by rf-sputtering

Al-doped ZnO (AZO) thin films were deposited on glass substrates by rf-sputtering at room temperature. The effects of substrate rotation speed (ω_S) on the morphological, structural, optical and electrical properties were investigated. SEM transversal images show that the substrate rotation produces dense columnar structures which were found to be better defined under substrate rotation. AFM images show that the surface particles of the samples formed under substrate rotation are smaller and denser than those of a stationary one, leading to smaller grain sizes. XRD results show that all films have hexagonal wurtzite structure and preferred c-axis orientation with a tensile stress along the c-axis. The average optical transmittance was above 90% in UV-Vis region. The lowest resistivity value (8.5×10^?3 Ω·cm) was achieved at ω_S=0 r/min, with a carrier concentration of 1.8×10²⁰ cm^?3, and a Hall mobility of 4.19 cm²/(V·s). For all other samples, the substrate rotation induced changes in the carrier concentration and Hall mobility which resulted in the increasing of electrical resistivity. These results indicate that the morphology, structure, optical and electrical properties of the AZO thin films are strongly affected by the substrate rotation speed.