Mechanical properties of directionally solidified lead-antimony alloys

The Pb-17wt％ Sb alloy was directionally solidified under two solidification conditions:with different temperature gradients (G=0.93-3.67 K/mm)at a constant growth rate(V=17.50 μm/s)and with different growth rates(V=8.3-497 μm/s)at a constant temperature gradient(G=3.67 K/mm)in a Bridgman furnace.Microstructure parameters,such as primary dendrite arm spacing(λ1),secondary dendrite arm spacing(λ2),and dendrite tip radius(R),were measured.The microhardness(Hv)and ultimate tensile strength(σ)of the directional solidification samples were also measured.The influences of solidification and microstructure parameters on Hv and σrwere investigated.The results obtained in this work were compared with similar experimental researches in literatures.It is shown that the Hv and σrvalues increase with the increase of G and V,but decrease with the increase of λ1,λ2,and R.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al_3Ti-based alloys in Al-Ti-Mo-X quaternary systems

A part of Al-Ti-Mo-Cr quaternary phase diagram is constructed for the microstructure control of D022-Al3Ti or its derivative, L12-(Al,Cr)3Ti, -based alloys. It was found that quaternary bcc phase equilibrates with either D022-Al3Ti or L12-(Al,Cr)3Ti, or both, exist in large compositional areas. The mechanical properties is strongly affected by precipitates appearing, and presumably alloy microstructures.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-8Sn-1Al-1Zn-xNi alloys

Mg-8Sn-1Al-1Zn-xNi（x=0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, mass fraction） alloys were designed and prepared. The microstructures and the mechanical properties were studied by using optical microscope, scanning electronic microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope, X-ray diffraction and a standard universal testing machine. The results show that the microstructure of Ni-containing alloys consist of α-Mg, Mg2 Sn, β-Mg-Ni-Al and γ-AlNi phases. No β-Mg-Ni-Al phase was observed in TAZ811-2.0Ni alloy due to its 1：1 atomic ratio of Ni/Al. The addition of Ni refines the α-Mg dendrites and suppresses the formation of coarse Mg2 Sn phase. The tensile properties results show that the TAZ811-0.5Ni alloy presented the best mechanical properties, which is due to the rod-like β-Mg-Ni-Al phase, refined α-Mg dendrites and Mg2 Sn phase, as well as γ-AlNi phase. The tensile fracture mechanism transits from cleavage to quasi-cleavage fracture with the increasing Ni addition.     

Microstructure, cold rolling, heat treatment, and mechanical properties of Mg-Li alloys

The magnesium-lithium (Mg-Li) alloy exhibits two phase structures between 5.7wt% and 10.3wt% Li contents, consisting of the α (hcp) Mg-rich and the β (bcc) Li-rich phases, at room temperature. In the experiment, Mg-5Li-2Zn, Mg-9Li-2Zn, Mg-16Li-2Zn, Mg-22Li-2Zn, Mg-5Li-2Zn-2Ca, Mg-9Li-2Zn-2Ca, Mg-16Li-2Zn-2Ca, and Mg-22Li-2Zn-2Ca (wt%) were melted. During the melting process, the flux, which was composed of lithium chloride (LiCl) and lithium fluoride (LiF) in the proportion of 3:1 (mass ratio) and argon gas were used to protect the alloys from oxidation. The microstructure, mechanical properties, and cold-rolling workability of the wrought alloys were studied. The crystal grain of the alloys (adding Ga) is fine. The hardness of the studied alloys decreases with an increase in element Li. The density of the studied alloys is in the range of 1.187 to 1.617 g/cm3. The reduction of the Mg-16Li-2Zn and Mg-22Li-2Zn alloys can exceed 85% at room temperature. The Mg-9Li-2Zn-2Ca alloy was heat treated at 300°C for 8, 12, 16, and 24 h, respectively. The optimum heat treatment of the Mg-9Li-2Zn-2Ca alloy is 300°C×12h by metallographic observation and by studying the mechanical properties of the alloys.     

Second phases of rapidly solidified AlFeCrZrVSi alloy and their thermal stabilities

ＳＥＣＯＮＤＰＨＡＳＥＳＯＦＲＡＰＩＤＬＹＳＯＬＩＤＩＦＩＥＤＡｌＦｅＣｒＺｒＶＳｉＡＬＬＯＹＡＮＤＴＨＥＩＲＴＨＥＲＭＡＬＳＴＡＢＩＬＩＴＩＥＳＸｉａｏＹｕｄｅＬｉＳｏｎｇｒｕｉＬｉＷｅｎｘｉａｎＺｅｎｇＺｈｉｈｕａＭａＺｈｅｎｇｑｉｎｇ（Ｄｅｐａ...     

快凝Al-Cr合金的显微结构与形核动力学

用连续冷却的方法对Al (1～ 5 )Cr(质量分数 )快凝合金的形核动力学及显微结构进行了计算与研究 ,得出了在不同成分、不同冷却速度下的形核孕育期与冷却速度之间的关系 ,从而得出了凝固过程中的相选择规律 ,即某相的优先析出是由于其形核动力学条件较其他相更具优势所致 .具体到Al Cr合金 ,则随着溶质含量的提高 ,抑制金属间化合物相首先形核所需的临界冷速增大 ,也即完全过饱和单相α Al的组织只能在很大的冷速或极薄的条带中形成 ,且计算结果与实验检测吻合较好 .     

Devitrification process in rapidly solidified Al-Ni-Cu-Nd metallic glass

In the present study, rapidly solidified ribbons of A187 Ni7 Cu3 Nd3 metallic glass was prepared by using melt spinning. Devitrification process of the totally amorphous ribbons was investigated by high temperature X-ray diffraction analysis, combining with differential scanning calorimetry, under continuous and isothermal heating regime. The X-ray diffraction intensity and full width at the half maximum (FWHM) were analyzed to investigate the increase of crystallized amount and growth of α-Al crystal particles. The results show that under continuous heating regime, the metallic glass devitrifies via two main stages: primary crystallization, resulting in two-phase mixture of α-Al plus residual amorphous phase, and secondary crystallization, corresponding to rapid precipitation of some inter-metallic phases in the form of dispersion or eutectic mixture. Under isothermal heating regime, only Al crystal precipitates from the Al-rich amorphous matrix at low temperature, and when heating at 280 ℃ only Al     

氮对Ti-6Al合金的铸态组织与性能的影响

采用熔铸工艺制备了w(N)=0.045~0.27%的原位自生氮化物增强钛铝基复合材料.分析测试了该材料的铸态组织和合金的力学性能.研究结果表明:在Ti-6A l的合金中,当w(N)=0.045~0.27%时,随着氮质量分数的增加,增强体的体积分数有所增加.Ti-6A l-xN中的氮化物较为细小.复合材料的硬度、抗压强度和弹性模量均高于Ti-6A l合金.随着氮质量分数增加材料的抗压强度、硬度和弹性模量增加.由压缩断口分析可知,基体为韧性断裂.随着氮质量分数增加,合金由韧窝 解理断口向具有解理特征的脆性断裂转变.     

Formation and mechanical properties of ductile Fe-based amorphous alloys using a cast iron with minor addition of B and Al

Fe-based amorphous alloys with ductility were synthesized using the commercial cast iron QT50 (denoted as QT) with the combining minor addition of B and Al by single roller melt-spinning. The melt-spun (QT1-xBx)99Al1 (x is from 0.006wt% to 0.01wt%) amorphous alloys exhibit onset crystallization temperatures and Curie temperatures of 759-780 and 629-642 K respectively, and whi- ch increase with B content. The amorphous ribbons are ductile and can be bent 180° without breaking. With the increase in B content from 0.006wt% to 0.01wt%, the Vickers microhardness of the amorphous alloys increases from Hv 830 to Hv 1110. The effects of the additional B and Al elements on the glass forming ability and mechanical properties were also discussed.     

The Rapidly Solidified Aging Copper Alloy by BP Neural Network

1　IntroductionTheCu Cr Zralloysarewidelyusedinavarietyofproductsrequiringacombinationofhighmechanicalprop ertiesandgoodelectricalconductivity .Examplesincludeelectronicconnectors ,integratedcircuitleadframesandweldingelectrodetips[1-4] .Howeveritisdifficulttofur therimprovetheirelectricalandmechanicalpropertiesun derconventionalsolutionheat treatment (CSHT)sincethedegreeofprecipitationhardeninguponagingisre strictedbythelimitedsolubilityofchromiumandzirconi umincopper.Inanefforttoimproveth…     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Zn-Cu-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy after retrogression and re-aging treatments

The mechanical properties and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance of an Al-Zn-Cu-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy under different aging conditions were investigated. The dependence of microstructure and mechanical properties on aging parameters was evaluated by tensile test, hardness test and conductivity measurement. The results show that for the alloys with retrogression and re-aging treatment (RRA), the conductivity increases with the retrogression time and temperature, while the tensile strength decreases. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results show that the precipitates η(MgZn₂) at grain boundary aggregate apparently with retrogression time and the precipitates inside the matrix exhibit the similar distribution to T6 temper, which comprises fine GP zones, large η′(MgZn₂) and η(MgZn₂) phases. According to the mechanical properties and microstructure observations, the optimal RRA regime is recommended to be 120 °C, 24 h + 180 °C, 30 min + 120 °C, 24 h. The strength level of the alloy after the optimum RRA treatment is similar to that in T6 condition and the SCC resistance is improved obviously in contrast to T6 condition.     

Effect of lanthanum-praseodymium-cerium mischmetal on mechanical properties and microstructure of Mg-Al alloys

The effects of lanthanum-praseodymium-cerium mischmetal (LPC) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Al alloy were investigated. With the addition of LPC, an additional rod-like Al11La3 phase was deposited in the alloy. LPC greatly improves the tensile strength of cast Mg-Al alloys but negatively affects the elongation of cast alloys above 473 K. Cast alloys are strengthened by both precipitation strengthening and dispersion strengthening at ambient temperature. When the temperature exceeds 473 K, only the dispersion operates as a strengthening mechanism.     

Microstructural characterizations and mechanical properties of Mg-8Sn-1Al-1Zn-xCu alloys

Microstructural characterization and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-8Sn-1Al-1Zn-xCu（x=0wt%, 1wt%, 1.5wt% and 2.0wt%） alloys were studied by OM, Pandat software, XRD, SEM, DSC and a standard universal testing machine. The experimental results indicate that adding Cu to TAZ811 alloy leads to the formation of the AlMgCu and Cu3 Sn phases. Tensile tests indicate that yield strength increases fi rstly and then decreases with increasing Cu content. The alloy with the addition of 1.5wt% Cu exhibits optimal mechanical properties among the studied alloys. The improved mechanical properties can be ascribed to the second phase strengthening and fi ne-grain strengthening mechanisms resulting from the more dispersed second phases and smaller grain size, respectively. The decrease in ultimate tensile strength and elongation of TAZ811-2.0wt% Cu alloy at room temperature is ascribed to the formation of continuous AlMgCu and coarse Mg2 Sn phases in the liquid state.     

热挤压镁合金AZ91的微观组织及其力学行为

研究了热挤压镁合金AZ91的微观组织以及在不同试验温度和不同的热处理条件下的拉伸力学性能.结果表明：热挤压可以显著减小AZ91合金的晶粒尺寸，其拉伸力学性能与试验温度密切相关；可以通过热处理来改善其拉伸力学性能，其中人工时效及固溶时效工艺均是改善和提高挤压后AZ91镁合金力学性能的有效途径.此外，利用扫描电镜分析了AZ91镁合金拉伸试样的断口形貌，并探讨了其拉伸断裂机制.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of railway wheels manufactured with low-medium carbon Si-Mn-Mo-V steel

The suitability of carbide-free bainite steel as railway wheel materials was investigated. The low-medium carbon Si-Mn-Mo-V steel was designed to make railway wheels by forging and rolling. The slack quenching with water was conducted on the tread of rim section by programmed control to simulate isothermal heat treatment after being austenitized. Microstructures and mechanical properties have been studied. The results indicate that the microstructure of the rim is mainly carbide-free bainite, and the mixed microstructure of bainitic ferrite and granular bainite is observed in web and hub. The mechanical properties are superior to both the standard requirements and the commercial production, such as CL60 plain carbon. The Charpy impact energy is relatively high at room and/or subzero temperatures. The force-displacement curves and fractographies reveal the excellent ability of resistance to crack initiation and propagation.     

TiB2颗粒增强铝合金复合材料研究

为了避免传统铸锭的组织粗大与微观偏析影响材料强度的提升, 采用快速凝固单辊熔体旋转法制备5%TiB₂增强Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Er复合材料薄带, 其中TiB₂颗粒的质量分数为5%, 在380~440 ℃温度下进行热力挤压获得复合材料棒材, 通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、拉伸测试等分析手段研究TiB₂增强铝基复合材料显微组织与力学性能。结果表明: 快速凝固能明显细化复合材料晶粒, 组织均匀, 制备的TiB₂增强复合材料带材晶粒尺寸为4~6 μm; 细晶复合材料带材经热挤压得到棒材, TiB₂颗粒均匀分布; 随挤压温度升高, 复合材料棒材抗拉强度从381 MPa提升到445 MPa, 晶粒有所长大。综合考虑, 挤压温度420 ℃、保温30 min为最佳快速凝固+热挤压制备复合材料工艺参数。快速凝固技术在铝基复合材料晶粒细化方面有很大潜力。

     

Effects of cryogenic treatment on mechanical properties of extruded Mg-Gd-Y-Zr（Mn） alloys

The influence of cryogenic treatment on the mechanical properties of the extruded Mg-Gd-Y-Zr（Mn） alloys was investigated by the tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDS）. The results show that the mechanical properties of both alloys are improved greatly during the in situ tensile test by soaking the samples in liquid nitrogen for 10 min. The ultimate tensile strength, yield tensile strength and elongation of cryogenic treated magnesium alloy added with zirconium or manganese are largely elevated. And remarkable microstructure change is observed in both alloys by cryogenic treatment. There are a large number of twins, rod-like, tree-like and chrysanthemum-like precipitated phases in the microstructures and the fracture surfaces exhibit the characteristics of ductile rupture when they are observed at room temperature.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of FGBA/BG air cooling bainitic steels containing niobium

The effect of different Nb additions on the mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of grain boundary allotriomorphic ferrite(F_(GBA)) / granular bainite(B_G) air cooling bainitic steels was investigated.The results indicate that the tensile strength and yield strength increase by 157 and 97 MPa,respectively with the addition of 0.02wt%Nb.The steel acquires superior strength and toughness with the addition of 0.06wt%Nb.The results of scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron micro...     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 magnesium alloy subject to deep cryogenic treatments

AZ91 magnesium alloy was subjected to a deep cryogenic treatment. X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electronic microscopy （SEM）, and transmission electronic microscopy （TEM） methods were utilized to characterize the composition and microstructure of the treated samples. The results show that after two cryogenic treatments, the quantity of the precipitate hardening β phase increases, and the sizes of the precipitates are refined from 8-10μm to 2-4μm. This is expected to be due to the decreased solubility of aluminum in the matrix at low temperature and the significant plastic deformation owing to internal differences in thermal contraction between phases and grains. The polycrystalline matrix is also noticeably refined, with the sizes of the subsequent nanocrystalline grains in the range of 50-100 nm. High density dislocations are observed to pile up at the grain boundaries, inducing the dynamic recrystallization of the microstructure, leading to the generation of a nanocrystalline grain structure. After two deep cryogenic treatments, the tensile strength and elongation are found to be substantially increased, rising from 243 MPa and 4.4% of as-cast state to 299 MPa and 5.1%.