微流控电泳芯片微电导检测器的研制

结合电导测量原理以及计算机智能控制技术,设计了一种适合微流控电泳芯片电容耦合非接触电导检测器.文中具体介绍了该检测器硬件组成以及工作原理.该检测器的原理清楚,结构简单,易于微型化、集成化,不污染检测电极,在微型全分析系统中具有十分重要的应用价值.同时,该检测器的信号调理电路不仅可应用于微电导检测,还可配上不同的传感器用于其它测量微弱电流信号的场合.     

非接触电导检测器的设计与联用技术进展

毛细管电泳中的非接触电导检测技术自1998年问世以来受到了广泛的关注。随着理论研究的深入,检测器的设计不断改进以提高其响应灵敏度,同时使它更便于和已有的仪器设备联用,并应用于微流控芯片电泳中。分析对象也从最初的小无机离子拓展到有机组分和生物大分子,随着商品化检测器的出现,该技术趋于成熟。该文侧重介绍近年来有关该传感器的设计改进、与其它检测器联用、与样品富集技术联合方面的研究和应用进展。     

毛细管非接触电导检测电极结构对检测性能的影响

毛细管非接触电导检测的检测性能与检测池的电极结构密切相关。目前,电极对检测性能的影响主要从实验的角度进行讨论,缺乏理论分析。本文提出了一种新的非接触电导检测池的等效电路模型。通过对检测池等效电路的仿真,发现检测灵敏度与电极的有效长度有关;屏蔽电极能够很好的消除高激发频率下低待测溶液电导值的输出电流幅值/溶液电导曲线的非线性,提高了待测溶液电导的均匀性和最低检测限,使输出电流幅值/激发频率曲线形成稳定的平台区,很好的提高了检测系统的抗干扰能力。本文对提高非接触电导检测的灵敏度具有一定的理论指导作用。     

新型毛细管电泳非接触电导检测器的设计

基于电容耦合设计了一种集激励信号发生器、检测池和检测电路于一体的新型毛细管电泳非接触电导检测器,介绍了检测器原理、检测池结构以及电路组成。用常见阴离子混合物(C l-,NO2-,NO3-,SO42-和H2PO4-)对该检测器的性能进行了测试。结果表明:基于3倍基线噪音,检出限除H2PO4-为250μg/L外,其他离子均为10μg/L。峰高的相对标准偏差均小于5%(n=10)。该检测器操作方便、结构简单,具有较高的灵敏度,其分析性能优于多参数传感器。     

基于SOPC的低电压电泳芯片系统平台设计

探讨了一种基于SOPC (System on a Programmable Chip)的低电压电泳芯片系统平台设计方案.以基于FPGA内嵌NiosII软核处理器为系统控制模块.运用SOPC Builder定制低电压电泳芯片运动梯度电势施加控制器、Avalon流模式的电导检测的IP核,实现芯片高速控制与电泳信号采集.文中具体阐述了该系统软、硬件总体结构、多CPU协调工作原理、运动梯度电势的控制原理以及电导检测采集IP核的设计.     

一种LED芯片在线非接触检测系统

本文介绍了一种发光二极管(LED)芯片非接触在线检测系统。阐述了检测系统工作原理及检测系统构成。系统采用C8051F020单片机进行控制,利用LED p-n结的光生伏特效应,通过对光生伏特效应中产生的光生短路电流的测量,实现对LED芯片质量及芯片与引线支架电气连接状态的检测。通过对常用LED芯片测量的实验结果表明,该系统能快速有效的对封装过程中的LED芯片状态进行非接触检测。     

LED芯片检测系统的噪声分析及信号处理研究

分析了LED芯片非接触检测系统噪声信号的功率谱,研究了噪声信号的抑制方法.针对现有检测系统存在检测信噪比低的不足,提出对交变电压信号进行相关检测,采用相关检测后,检测系统的信噪比可以提高20 dB以上.实验结果与仿真结果吻合.该研究对于改进检测系统的性能以满足对多种芯片的正确检测有重要意义.     

自动光学检测技术在芯片封装中的应用

“翻转芯片焊球点阵排列”是一种表面贴片封装技术,使用翻转芯片与焊球点阵排列相结合的结构。然而,芯片封装的最终质量受制作中每个工艺过程的影响。因此,对于某些工艺流程的实时检测将会在整个工艺流程中起到及其重要的作用。非接触检测技术不但可以检测到芯片中的微观特性,对器件不会造成损坏,而且诸如自动光学检测,自动X射线检测等还能提供良好的工艺控制信息。本文概述了FCBGA芯片封装生产工艺特点以及封装工艺流程,并介绍了运用于其中的光学检测和X射线检测等几种非接触检测技术,着重介绍其中的自动光学检测的基本原理及检测算法,这些方法对于芯片封装工艺中的缺陷检测有重要意义。     

光电鼠标芯片组在无接触检测运动物体中的应用

安捷伦公司的ADNS-2051芯片广泛应用在光电鼠标中,是一种高性能的运动检测器件。本文介绍了一种基于ADNS-2051芯片组、单片机等器件组成的系统,能够在无接触条件下检测运动物体的方向和速度,具有灵敏度高、抗干扰性强等特点。文章重点介绍系统的硬件与软件设计。     

基于小波分析的LED芯片非接触检测信号处理

针对现有LED芯片非接触在线检测系统中存在信号处理方法简单、检测信号信噪比低等问题,本文分析了系统噪声并讨论了处理方法,研究了小波变换对LED非接触检测信号进行消噪的原理和实现过程,对检测信号进行了小波消噪的仿真和实验,并分析了结果数据。实验结果表明,小波分析在LED非接触检测信号消噪中的应用能够有效提高信噪比并切实可行。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。