Comment on Factor Analysis of the APA Structure.

After reading Dorothy Adkins' heroic attempt (American Psychologist, 1954, 9, 175-180) to analyze the structure of the APA by factor analysis, the present author attempted a cluster analysis of her correlation matrix. The aim was to see whether or not results equally as satisfactory as those achieved by factor analysis could be obtained by the shorter method. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

手持式激光诱导击穿光谱仪现场测定钢铁制品中铬镍锰铜硅

钢铁中各元素组成及含量对钢种质量和性能都有重要影响,实时、快速对钢铁中各元素进行有效检测分析是目前钢铁行业的关注重点。实验探讨了手持式激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)技术在钢铁中多元素同步、快速分析方面的可行性:选取3个钢铁标准样品,以Cr(I) 520.84nm、Ni(I)232.003nm、Mn(I) 403.075nm、Cu(I) 324.753nm、Si(I) 288.16nm作为分析谱线,以Fe(I) 373.486nm作为内标谱线,考察了手持式LIBS分析仪对钢铁标准样品分析的精密度和正确度。标样验证试验结果表明,手持式LIBS分析仪快速定量分析Cr、Ni、Cu及Si 4种元素的准确性较高,对于Mn的定量分析存在一定的系统偏差,但也基本能反映元素含量。随机选取不同种类的钢铁材料日常实际样品,采用实验方法进行快速定量分析,同时以电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)进行对照,绘制两种方法测定结果的线性趋势图,并与理想趋势线(y=x)进行对比。结果表明,Cr、Ni、Cu及Si 4种元素的LIBS与ICP-AES测试结果表现较一致,Mn的测试结果普遍较ICP-AES偏低,但二者存在较好的相关性。在整个试验过程中,手持式LIBS分析仪测试一组数据的时间平均为5s,该技术用于钢铁行业快速定量分析是可行的。     

Immunohistochemical determination of nuclear antigens by colour image analysis: application for labelling index, estrogen and progesterone receptor status in breast cancer

The immunohistochemical evaluation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labelling index, estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status was carried out on the automated computer-assisted image analysis station BIOCOM 500. Special software has been developed to measure nuclear antigens using the immunoperoxidase method with the Harris hematoxylin counterstain. The analysis was based on the different light adsorption spectra of the chromogen diaminobenzidine and Harris's hematoxylin coloration when exposed to light of differing wavelengths. The results obtained by image analysis were compared to previously validated methods. The thymidine labelling index performed by manual procedures and BrdU incorporation performed by image analysis were comparable (linear correlation coefficient r = 0.76, P < 0.001). Comparison of image analysis and dextran coated charcoal assay for ER and PR content revealed excellent sensitivities and specificities (linear correlation coefficient r = 0.87, P < 0.001 for ER and r = 0.93, P < 0.001 for PR). These data suggest that automated image analysis offers a reliable and reproducible procedure for measuring nuclear antigens.     

Antigen-antibody binding kinetics for biosensor applications. A dual-fractal analysis

The diffusion-limited binding kinetics of antigen (or antibody) in solution to antibody (or antigen) immobilized on a biosensor surface is analyzed within a fractal framework. The fit obtained by a dual-fractal analysis is compared with that obtained from a single-fractal analysis. In some cases, the dual-fractal analysis provides an improved fit when compared with a single-fractal analysis. This was indicated by the regression analysis provided by Sigmaplot (San Rafael, CA). These examples are presented. It is of interest to note that the state of disorder (or the fractal dimension) and the binding rate coefficient both increase (or decrease, a single example is presented for this case) as the reaction progresses on the biosensor surface. For example, for the binding of monoclonal antibody MAb 49 in solution to surface-immobilized antigen, a 90.4% increase in the fractal dimension (Df1 to Df2) from 1.327 to 2.527 leads to an increase in the binding rate coefficient (k1 to k2) by a factor of 9.4 from 11.74 to 110.3. The different examples analyzed and presented together provide a means by which the antigen-antibody reactions may be better controlled by noting the magnitude of the changes in the fractal dimension and in the binding rate coefficient as the reaction progresses on the biosensor surface.     

多种物料的宽范围定量分析

介绍了X射线荧光法测定多种(12种)物料中14个组分的定量分析方法,该方法以熔融法制备样品并通过基本参数法拟合工作曲线,降低了基体效应,较好地将各基体拟合在同一条分析曲线中,为多基体曲线绘制提供了理论依据,方法简单、快速、准确、适用范围广,所测定物料中各元素的RSD为0.069%～11.177%,完全满足过程产品质量控制的需要。     

Yb~(3 )与甘氨酰甘氨酸配合物的合成及其表征

合成了稀土元素 Yb3 与甘氨酰甘氨酸 (Gly- Gly)的配合物 ,并通过元素分析、化学分析、摩尔电导、红外光谱、紫外光谱及热分析等法进行了表征 ,确定配合物的组成为 Yb(Gly- Gly) 2 Cl3· 3H2 O     

激光光谱原位统计分布分析技术测定汽车板表面线状缺陷中异常元素

用激光光谱原位统计分布分析方法(LIBSOPA)获得汽车板表面线状缺陷样品元素分布的信息。运用激光光谱定量分析、深度扫描和一维表面线扫描结合的方法得到缺陷部位和非缺陷部位的元素含量信息,然后与实际样品位置信息对应,从而得到垂直线状缺陷方向各相关元素的分布分析数据。采用激光光谱原位统计分布分析方法获得的汽车板表面线状缺陷异常元素的数据与其他方法（扫描电镜,辉光光谱法）的分析结果相符。该方法具有激发斑点小、微损分析、原位分析等优点,尤其在分析镀层覆盖下的线状缺陷方面优势明显,可以用于汽车用薄板表面线状缺陷异常元素的甄别,为改进生产工艺提供了新的判据。     

EAF-CSP流程V-N微合金钢中第二相的析出

目前,在EAF-CSP流程中通过V-N微合金化技术可成功生产屈服强度为550 MPa的高强度低合金钢.然而,基于热力学平衡考虑,对铸坯中V(C,N)的析出分析存在争议.针对珠钢CSP流程生产的V-N微合金钢,采用物理化学相分析方法、透射电镜的复型分析以及扫描电镜观察了流程中不同阶段试样的V(C,N)析出情况.并通过Thermo-Calc 理论计算,初步探讨了EAF-CSP流程V-N微合金钢中Ti以及Al的析出对V(C,N)析出的影响.     

Importance ratings in job analysis: Note on the misinterpretation of factor analyses.

A common practice in job analysis involves having subject matter experts (SMEs) provide importance weights for the behaviors identified as characteristics of a given job, and then grouping those behaviors by factor analysis. Two problems with using factor analysis on these data are explored: (a) The factors that emerge from such an analysis are not interpretable as important dimensions of the job, and (b) job dimensions that SMEs agree are important will not emerge as factors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

From magnetic resonance spectroscopy to classification of tumors. A review of pattern recognition methods

This article reviews the wealth of different pattern recognition methods that have been used for magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) based tumor classification. The methods have in common that the entire MR spectra is used to develop linear and non-linear classifiers. The following issues are addressed: (i) pre-processing, such as normalization and digitization, (ii) extraction of relevant spectral features by multivariate methods, such as principal component analysis, linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and optimal discriminant vector, and (iii) classification by LDA, cluster analysis and artificial neural networks. Different approaches are compared and discussed in view of practical and theoretical considerations.     

On the analysis of Vaught's semiexperimental design.

Criticizes the evaluation of assignment effects in the analysis given by R. S. Vaught (see record 1975-22172-001) for his semiexperimental design and suggests an alternative analysis. In addition, a 2nd alternative analysis, which is appropriate when treatments can be randomly assigned to groups, is proposed. The difficulties in using a multiple regression approach in any analysis appropriate for this design are discussed. (28 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Plasma analysis of alpha-difluoromethylornithine using pre-column derivatization with naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde/CN and multidimensional chromatography

A procedure for the plasma analysis of alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) has been developed that utilizes pre-column derivatization with naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde/cyanide (NDA/CN) in pH 9.2 borate buffer. Selective derivatization of delta-amine of DFMO followed by quenching of the reaction results in the formation of a cyanobenz [f] isoindole (CBI) derivative that is stable for 24 h. Plasma was prepared for derivatization by a single step procedure which resulted in an ultrafiltrate compatible with derivatization and analysis. The DFMO derivative (CBI-DFMO) was separated from plasma interferences by multidimensional chromatography with an analysis time of 28 min. The response for DFMO in plasma was linear over the range of 2.1 x 10(-8) 2.1 x 10(-6) M after derivatization. This procedure encompasses a useful linear range and offers the advantages of minimal sample preparation and production of a stable fluorophor.     

Hydrolysis and amino acid composition of proteins

Amino acid composition analysis is a classical protein analysis method, which finds a wide application in medical and food science research and is indispensable for protein quantification. It is a complex technique, comprising two steps, hydrolysis of the substrate and chromatographic separation and detection of the residues. A properly performed hydrolysis is a prerequisite of a successful analysis. The most significant developments of the technology in the last decade consist in the (i) reduction of the hydrolysis time by the use of microwave radiation energy; (ii) improvement in the sensitivity of the residue detection, the quantification of the sensitive residues and separation of the enantiomeric forms of the amino acids; (iii) application of amino acid analysis in the large-scale protein identification by database search; and (iv) gradual replacement of the original ion exchange residue separation by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Amino acid analysis is currently facing an enormous competition in the determination of the identity of proteins and amino acid homologs by the essentially faster mass spectrometry techniques. The amino acid analysis technology needs further simplification and automation of the hydrolysis, chromatography and detection steps to withstand the pressure exerted by the other technologies.     

铁矿石化学分析方法标准及实验室能力验证

对铁矿石分析方法标准的进展及铁矿石测试能力验证的动态进行评述。介绍了铁矿石的分析概况及化学成分分析要求,对铁矿石化学分析的国际标准(ISO标准)和国家标准(GB标准)方法进行了对照,解析了几个主要测定指标;介绍了近几年来北京中实国金国际实验室能力验证研究中心开展的铁矿石能力验证项目,评述了铁矿石分析中几个典型项目,包括铁矿石标准物质的全分析、铁矿石的X射线荧光光谱分析和铁矿石的价态分析。     

Analytic strategies to detect linkage to a common disorder with genetically determined age of onset: diabetes mellitus in Pima Indians

Segregation analysis suggests that the high prevalence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Pima Indians may be partially due to a single locus with a major effect on age of onset. A simulation study was conducted to evaluate the power of various age-adjustment strategies in linkage analysis to detect this putative gene in 1,862 sib-pairs from 264 potentially informative nuclear families. Simulations were performed at a recombination fraction (theta) of 0.05 for values of polymorphism information content (PIC) ranging from 0.38 to 1.00. Under the codominant age-of-onset model supported by segregation analysis, power to detect linkage (at P < 0.0001) at PIC = 1.00 was 75% for the Haseman-Elston (HE) sib-pair test and 63% for the affected sib-pair test (ASP) with no age adjustment. Substantial improvements in power were possible for the HE test by defining the trait as a survival analysis "residual" (power = 91%) and for the ASP test by use of an age-of-onset threshold above which individuals are not included in the analysis (power = 90%, for age of onset < 45 yrs). The parametric method of linkage analysis was most powerful, as long as both the analysis model and the simulation model involved a genetic effect on age of onset, regardless of whether dominance at the trait locus was misspecified. Methods of age adjustment based on the probability of eventually becoming affected only improved power when the genetic effect was on susceptibility rather than age of onset. The method of age adjustment in linkage analysis may depend on whether one anticipates a genetic effect primarily on age of onset or on ultimate susceptibility.     

稀土配合物[REL3(4-picNO)H2O]的合成与表征

合成了2,3-二氯异丁酸根和4-甲基吡啶氮氧化物稀土三元配合物(RE=La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu).通过元素分析、红外、紫外、荧光、X射线粉末衍射、XPS、热分析以及摩尔电导等分析手段,确定了配合物的组成为[REL3(4-picNO)H2O](L= CH3C2H2Cl2COO -),并对它们的性质进行了讨论.     

APA's expert panel in the Congressional review of the USS Iowa incident.

In 1989, an explosion aboard the USS Iowa killed 47 sailors. The navy attributed the explosion to the intentional suicidal acts of Gunners Mate Clayton Hartwig, a conclusion supported primarily by an "equivocal death analysis" conducted by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). The US House of Representatives Armed Services Committee (HASC) was highly critical of the FBI's report and the navy's conclusions, in part because of the peer review provided by 12 psychologists organized by the American Psychological Association (APA). This article (1) reviews the nature of equivocal death analysis and related reconstructive psychological evaluations, (2) describes the nature of APA's consultation and involvement with the HASC, (3) discusses the conclusions reached by the HASC and the influence of the APA panelists, and (4) suggests limitations on the use of equivocal death analysis and related procedures in light of scientific concerns and ethical considerations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Concrete/mortar water phase transition studied by single-point MRI methods

A total of 231 pigs were anesthetized and then scanned by DXA using a Lunar DPXL instrument. The weight of the pigs ranged from 5 to 97 kg (av. = 37.7 kg). Of the total, 98 pigs were scanned using the pediatric mode and 133 pigs were scanned using the adult mode. After scanning, the pigs were euthanized, the entire body homogenized by grinding, and analyzed chemically for fat, water, protein and total body mineral content. The mean value for the DXA total tissue mass (37.1 kg) was not significantly (P > 0.05, n = 231) different from the mean body weight. The mean DXA value for percent fat was 14.6 and was significantly less (P < 0.05) than the mean value (17.6%) measured by CHEM analysis. The greatest discrepancy occurred in pigs with < 15% body fat. From a prediction equation using the DXA R value [% fat = 493-349(DXA R value)], the DXA estimated percent fat was 18.0%, compared to 17.6% by CHEM analysis (P > 0.05). Using a prediction equation [g protein = -1.062 + 0.22(g DXA lean)], the DXA estimate for body protein content was 17.8%, compared to 17.1% (P < 0.05, n = 131) by CHEM analysis. The DXA estimate for body water content [g water = 508 + 0.74 (g DXA lean)] was 63.8%, compared to 62.6% (P < 0.05, n = 231) by CHEM analysis. The bone mineral content of 83 of the pigs measured by DXA was 2.40%, compared to 2.54% (P < 0.05, n = 83) estimated from CHEM analysis of total body ash [g bone mineral = g total body ash -0.0085(g DXA lean)].