氮化硅钝化膜的制备和应用

利用电子回旋共振等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术在超高频大功率晶体管芯片表面沉积Si3N4钝化膜,实现了芯片的Si3N4薄膜钝化.对钝化前后的芯片测试表明,芯片经钝化后电特性有较好地改善,提高了反向击穿电压,降低了反向漏电流,提高了芯片的成品率.     

UMOSFET功率器件漏电失效分析及工艺改善

针对U型沟槽MOSFET (UMOSFET)功率器件栅极和源极间发生漏电失效的问题,对失效器件进行了电学测试和缺陷检测,对失效现象和失效机理进行了分析,并进行了相关工艺模拟和工艺实验.采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和聚焦离子束(FIB)对失效芯片的缺陷进行分析和表征.结果表明,器件的U型沟槽底部栅氧化层存在的缺陷是产生漏电的主要原因,湿氧工艺中反应气体反式二氯乙烯(Trans_LC)的残留碳化造成了芯片栅氧层中的缺陷.通过工艺模拟和实验,优化了湿氧工艺条件,工艺改进后产品的成品率稳定在98％ ～ 99％,无漏电失效现象.     

超声波清洗引入的芯片金属化裂纹机理分析

对某塑封器件进行破坏性物理分析(DPA),发现芯片表面存在玻璃钝化层裂纹和金属化层划伤的缺陷。对缺陷部位进行扫描电子显微镜(SEM)检查和能谱(EDS)分析,通过形貌和成分判断其形成原因为开封后的超声波清洗过程中,超声波振荡导致环氧塑封料中的二氧化硅填充颗粒碰撞挤压芯片表面,从而产生裂纹。最后,进行了相关的验证试验。研究结论对塑封器件的开封方法提出了改进措施,对塑封器件的DPA检测及失效分析(FA)有一定借鉴意义。     

分子束外延碲镉汞探测器的变结面积I-V测试研究

碲镉汞红外探测器的表面钝化处理对器件暗电流有较大影响,决定了器件的探测性能。为了研究表面钝化层不同生长方式对暗电流的抑制效果,使用分子束外延(Molecular Beam Epitaxy, MBE)系统在Si基衬底上生长碲镉汞材料,分别通过磁控溅射和原位钝化方法生长CdTe/ZnS钝化膜层。采用半导体工艺在碲镉汞材料上制备了变面积光伏探测器。通过测试不同钝化膜层器件的暗电流,分析零偏电阻和面积乘积(R₀A)与周长面积之比(p/A)的关系。结果表明,磁控溅射生长钝化层的Si基碲镉汞器件存在较大的隧穿电流,而原位钝化生长钝化层的Si基碲镉汞器件能更有效地抑制表面漏电流。拟合器件R₀A因子随PN结面积的变化,得出原位生长钝化层的器件具有更好的钝化效果。变面积器件的制备和测试能够有效且直观地反映器件性能。     

不同钝化结构的HgCdTe光伏探测器暗电流机制

在同一HgCdTe晶片上制备了单层ZnS钝化和双层(CdTe+ZnS)钝化的两种光伏探测器,对器件的性能进行了测试,发现双层钝化的器件具有较好的性能.通过理论计算,分析了器件的暗电流机制,发现单层钝化具有较高的表面隧道电流.通过高分辨X射线衍射中的倒易点阵技术研究了单双层钝化对HgCdTe外延层晶格完整性的影响,发现单层ZnS钝化的HgCdTe外延层产生了大量缺陷,而这些缺陷正是单层钝化器件具有较高表面隧道电流的原因.     

双面贴装电路板上BGA焊点的潜在失效机理

采用双面贴装回流焊工艺在FR4基板表面贴装Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu(SnAgCn)无铅焊点BGA器件,通过对热应力加速实验中失效的SnAgCu无铅BGA焊点的显微结构分析和力学性能检测,研究双面贴装BGA器件的电路板出现互连焊点单面失效问题的原因,单面互连焊点失效主要是由于回流焊热处理工艺引起的.多次热处理过程中,NiSnP层中形成的大量空洞是导致焊点沿(Cu,Ni)6Sn5金属间化合物层和Ni(P)镀层产生断裂失效的主要因素.改变回流焊工艺是抑制双面贴装BGA器件的印制电路板出现互连焊点单面失效问题的关键.     

紫外焦平面探测器读出电路抗辐照加固设计

分析了MOS器件的辐照特性及辐照失效机理。基于Global Foundries 0.35μm CMOS工艺,设计了一款320×256抗辐照加固紫外焦平面读出电路。该电路数字部分MOS管采用环形栅和双环保护进行加固,并在读出电路表面交替生长了SiO2-Si3N4复合钝化层。对加固后的读出电路进行了γ辐照试验,并使用示波器实时监测读出电路的输出状态。对比加固前后的读出电路实时辐照状态表明,加固后的读出电路抗辐照性能得到了明显提高,其抗电离辐照总剂量由35krad(Si)提升至50krad(Si)。     

一种抗辐射加固功率器件──VDMNOSFET

采用 Si3N4- Si O2 双层栅介质及自对准重掺杂浅结 P+区研制出了一种抗辐射加固功率器件—— VDMNOS-FET (垂直双扩散金属 -氮化物 -氧化物 -半导体场效应晶体管 ) .给出了该器件的电离辐射效应及瞬态大剂量辐射的实验数据 ,与常规 VDMOSFET相比获得了良好的抗辐射性能 .对研制的 2 0 0 V VDMNOSFET,在栅偏压 +10 V,γ 总剂量为 1Mrad (Si)时 ,其阈值电压仅漂移了 - 0 .5 V,跨导下降了 10 % .在 γ瞬态剂量率达 1× 10 1 2 rad(Si) /s时 ,器件未发生烧毁失效 .实验结果证明 Si3N4- Si O2 双层栅介质及自对准重掺杂浅结 P+区显著地改善了功率 MOS器件的     

Si(100)—As表面钝化作用和氧吸附

利用自己研制的具有分子束外延系统的表面分析联合谱仪研究了氧与Si(100)—As表面的相互作用。本文进一步证实了As层是Si表面的很好的钝化层,并首次研究了Si(100)—As表面的氧吸附全过程。实验表明,氧的饱和覆盖量为0.5单原子层,即Si表面上存在As原子层而使吸附位置减少一半。另外,通过吸附动力学分析得知,Si(100)—As表面的初始粘附系数是5.6×10~(-3),比清洁的Si(100)表面小一个数量级。Si表面上As的钝化作用是Si原子的悬挂键态被As原子的占有孤立对态代替而形成。     

大功率GaN基白光LED荧光层失效机理研究

在某些情况下长期服役,发现部分白光发光二极管(LED)器件表面出现黑色物质,影响了光的转换和取出。采用切割剖面、扫描电镜(SEM)和能量弥散光谱仪(EDS)等微区分析手段,辅以电流和温度加速应力实验,对部分老化后表面出现变黑现象的芯片进行分析,发现变黑样品的C与Si的原子数比是13.21,高于未变黑样品(8.45)。而有机材料在温度和光照条件下会发生降解碳化,这是LED封装失效的主要原因,与芯片本身无关,验证了高温是最主要的失效因素,光照影响也不可忽略。芯片和封装材料膨胀系数不匹配造成的界面应力、长时间蓝光照射引起的光降解和光热耦合作用造成了器件灾变性失效。     

Effect of the surface and barrier defects on the AlGaN/GaN HEMT low-frequency noise performance

We report on the effect of Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ passivation of the surface of AlGaN/GaN transistors on low-frequency noise performance. Low-frequency noise measurements were performed on the device before and after the passivation by a Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ film. A lower level of the low-frequency noise was observed from the device after the passivation. The passivation layer improved high-frequency, large-signal device performance, but introduced parasitic leakage current from the gate. A lower level of flicker noise is explained by the fact that noise is mostly originated from the fluctuation of sheet charge and mobility in the ungated region of the device due to the defects on the surface and in the barrier of the unpassivated device. Passivation eliminates part of the defects and higher leakage current increases the number of electrons on the surface and in the vicinity of the barrier defects, lowering the contribution to the low-frequency noise according to Hooge's law.     

Low-/spl kappa/ BCB passivation on AlGaN-GaN HEMT fabrication

Due to the stress-induced polarization effect on the GaN HEMTs, the surface passivation of the device is critical and is deserved to conduct a detailed study. It has been proven that the GaN HEMTs demonstrate nondispersive pulsed current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and better microwave power performances after passivating the Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ film on the GaN surface. In this letter, we proposed to use the BCB material, a negative photoresist with a low-/spl kappa/ characteristic, as the surface passivation layer on GaN HEMTs fabrication. After comparing the dc I-V, pulsed I-V, RF small-signal, microwave power characteristics, and device reliability, this BCB-passivated GaN HEMT achieved better performance than the Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ passivated device.     

Stack system of PECVD amorphous silicon and PECVD silicon oxide for silicon solar cell rear side passivation

A stack of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si) and PECVD‐silicon oxide (SiO_x) has been used as surface passivation layer for silicon wafer surfaces. Very good surface passivation could be reached leading to a surface recombination velocity (SRV) below 10 cm/s on 1 Ω cm p‐type Si wafers. By using the passivation layer system at a solar cell's rear side and applying the laser‐fired contacts (LFC) process, pointwise local rear contacts have been formed and an energy conversion efficiency of 21·7% has been obtained on p‐type FZ substrates (0·5 Ω cm). Simulations show that the effective rear SRV is in the range of 180 cm/s for the combination of metallised and passivated areas, 120 ± 30 cm/s were calculated for the passivated areas. Rear reflectivity is comparable to thermally grown silicon dioxide (SiO₂). a‐Si rear passivation appears more stable under different bias light intensities compared to thermally grown SiO₂. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

钝化前表面预处理对AlGaN/GaN HEMTs性能的影响

提出一种新的钝化技术--采用盐酸和氢氟酸混合预处理溶液(HF:HCI:H2O=1:4:20)对AIGaN/GaNHEMTs进行表面预处理后冉淀积Si3N4钝化,研究了新型钝化技术对AlGaN/GaN HEMTs性能的影响并分析其机理.与用常规方法钝化的器件相比,经过表面顶处理再钝化,成功地抑制了 AIGaN/GaN HEMTs肖特基特性的恶化,有效地增强抑制电流崩塌效应的能力,将GaN基HEMTs的输出功率密度提高到5.2W/mm,并展现良好的电学可靠性.通过X射线光电子谱(XPS)检测预处理前后的AIGaN表面,观察到经过预处理后的AIGaN表面氧元素的含量大幅度下降.表面氧元素的含量下降,能有效地降低表面态密度和表面电荷陷阱密度,被认为是提高AIGaN/GaN HEMTs性能的主要原因.     

Lower reflectivity and higher minority carrier lifetime of hand-tailored porous silicon

con layer is measured to be ～3.19 μs. These values are very close to the reflectivity and the minority carrier lifetime of Si3N4 as a passivation layer on a bulk silicon-based solar cell (0.33% and 3.03/μs, respectively).     

三种钝化膜的比较与分析

本文简述了集成电路中常用的聚酰亚胺、磷蒸汽处理SiO_2覆盖、SiO_2和Si_3N_4混合膜三种表面钝化工艺,并对其特征作了一些分析。提出了根据集成电路的性能要求和所选择后工序的条件,恰当地选择一种钝化膜的方法和原则。     

电子塑封材料南海环境贮存试验研究

对4种模塑封装材料，两种芯片涂层材料封装的微电路样品在西沙天然暴露站进行了22个月的贮存试验，并设计制作了一种简便有效的测试系统，贮存试验的结果表明，在芯片上加氮化硅钝化层比不加钝化层具有更好的防护效果；与聚酰亚胺胶内涂层相比，硅酮胶内涂层更能有效地阻止水分到达芯片的表面，由于材料本身的差异，不同厂家生产的模塑封装材料对微电路的影响也不同。     

A study on current collapse in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs induced by bias stress

Drain current collapse in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs has been studied systematically by applying bias stress to the device. The collapse was suppressed by light illumination with energy smaller than the bandgap. The position dependence of the light illumination and the measurement of series source and drain resistances revealed that the collapse was caused by the surface states between the gate and drain electrodes, which captured electrons injected from the gate. The current collapse was eliminated by the passivation of the device surface with Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ film.     

Gate field emission induced breakdown in power SiC MESFETs

The breakdown mechanism of SiC MESFETs has been analyzed by careful investigation of gate leakage current characteristics. It is proposed that gate current-induced avalanche breakdown, rather than drain avalanche breakdown, is the dominant failure mechanism for SiC MESFETs: thermionic-field emission and field emission are dominant for the ON state (above pinch-off voltage) and the OFF state (below pinch-off voltage), respectively. The effect of Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ passivation on breakdown voltage has been also investigated. Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ passivation decreases the breakdown voltage due to higher electric field at the gate edge compared to edge fields before passivation. A reduction in surface trapping effects after passivation results in the higher electric field because the depletion region formed by trapped electrons is reduced significantly.     

Surface nanocrystalline Si structure and its surface passivation for highly efficient black Si solar cells

19.5% conversion efficiency crystalline silicon (Si) solar cells having simple structure without antireflection coating have been fabricated using the surface structure chemical transfer method which produces a nanocrystalline Si layer simply by contacting catalytic platinum with Si wafers in hydrogen peroxide plus hydrofluoric acid solutions. The reflectivity becomes less than 3% after the surface structure chemical transfer method due to formation of black Si. Deposition of phosphosilicate glass and heat treatment at 925 °C performed for formation of pn‐junction effectively passivate the nanocrystalline Si surface. With this phosphosilicate glass passivation plus the hydrogen treatment at 400 °C, the internal quantum efficiency is greatly improved and reaches 81% at a wavelength of 400 nm. Analysis of ellipsometry data shows that incident light with wavelength shorter than 400 nm is almost completely absorbed by the nanocrystalline Si layer. The high internal quantum efficiency for short wavelength light is attributed to effective surface passivation and the nanocrystalline Si layer band‐gap energy which decreases with the distance from the top of the network structure of the nanocrystalline Si layer. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.