Density Dependence of the Compressive Behaviors of Closed-Cell Al Foams Manufactured Through Powder Metallurgy Route

The compressive deformation behaviors of closed-cell Al foams manufactured through powder metallurgy route with various relative densities have been studied. The high-density specimens displayed smoother stress-strain curves and more stable compressive behaviors. The stress-strain curves for low-density specimens displayed a regular fluctuation and more than one stress drop were observed. This can be attributed to the different deformation mode due to density variation. The effect of relative density on the stress drop ratio was studied. The results show that the stress drop ratio decreases with relative density. The compressive deformation mode changes as the relative density is <0.15.     

铁基粉末冶金连杆的研制及应用

采用粉末冶金法研制和开发了用于冰箱制冷压缩机的铁基粉末冶金连杆,并对连杆样品的组织、性能进行了测试和分析。结果表明:连杆材料成分(质量分数)选用0.6%C,2.0%Cu,Fe余量,经1100℃×1 h工艺烧结后,其组织分布均匀,孔隙较少,表面硬度为123 HB,密度为6.89 g/cm3,抗压强度为329.9 MPa,完全满足铁基粉末冶金连杆的技术要求;烧结后的铁基粉末冶金连杆经二次整形后,其几何精度和光洁度均符合产品设计要求;与铝制连杆相比,使用性能良好,生产成本降低30%,耐磨性提高1倍以上。     

The Temperature Effect on the Compressive Behavior of Closed-Cell Aluminum-Alloy Foams

In this research, the mechanical behavior of closed-cell aluminum (Al)-alloy foams was investigated at different temperatures in the range of 25-450 °C. The main mechanical properties of porous Al-alloy foams are affected by the testing temperature, and they decrease with the increase in the temperature during uniaxial compression. From both the constant/serrated character of stress–strain curves and macro/microstructural morphology of deformed cellular structure, it was found that Al foams present a transition temperature from brittle to ductile behavior around 192 °C. Due to the softening of the cellular structure at higher temperatures, linear correlations of the stress amplitude and that of the absorbed energy with the temperature were proposed. Also, it was observed that the presence of inherent defects like micropores in the foam cell walls induced further local stress concentration which weakens the cellular structure’s strength and crack propagation and cell-wall plastic deformation are the dominant collapse mechanisms. Finally, an energy absorption study was performed and an optimum temperature was proposed.     

铁基粉末冶金阀板的研制及应用

采用粉末冶金法研制了用于活塞式压缩机的铁基粉末冶金阀板,并测试和分析了阀板的组织、性能.结果表明:阀板经1120℃×1 h工艺烧结后,其组织分布均匀,表面硬度为81.17 HRB,孔隙较少,密度为7.01g/cm-3;整形后阀板的长、宽、厚分别为:50.06 mm、42.03mm、3.51 mm:烧结后阀板平面度≤0....     

Effect of Fly Ash Particles on the Compressive Properties of Closed-Cell Aluminum Foams

The closed-cell aluminum foam reinforced by 1.5 and 3.0 wt.% fly ash particles were manufactured by molten body transitional foaming process. The backscattered electron image shows that fly ash particles distribute uniformly in the cell wall. The quasi-static compression tests were conducted. Results show that Al/Fly ash foams have stable compressive property and the sudden stress drop was not observed. The plateau stress increases nearly linearly with relative density. Moreover, the addition of fly ash particles improves the plateau stress. Also, the energy absorption property of Al/Fly ash foams increase with relative density and fly ash content. These can be attributed to the contribution of the compression of cell gas and the membrane stress in the cell wall.     

Dynamic Compressive Property of Closed-Cell Mg Alloy Composite Foams Reinforced with SiC Particles

The high-strain-rate mechanical response of Mg alloy/SiC_p composite foams has received increased attention in recent years due to their light weight and potential to absorb large amounts of energy during deformation. Dynamic compressive properties of closed-cell Mg alloy/SiC_p composite foams with diff erent relative densities(0.162, 0.227 and 0.351) and diff erent SiC_p additions(0, 4 and 8 wt%) have been investigated using Split-Hopkinson pressure bar. It is shown that peak stress and energy absorption capacity signifi cantly increase as the relative density increases at the range of testing strain rates. Peak stress and energy absorption display strain rate dependence. The peak stress of specimens with 0 wt% and 4 wt% SiC particles additions grows with increasing strain rate. Meanwhile, the increment in the peak stress of specimens with 8 wt% addition is not signifi cant with strain rate increasing. The increase in strain rate increases the energy absorption capacity. The suitable amount of SiC particles addition has great advantages over increasing the peak stress and energy absorption capacity at the high strain rate. The strain-rate-sensitive matrix, cell morphology, morphological defects and gas pressure have an impact on the strain-rate sensitivity of Mg alloy/SiC_p composite foams.     

高压水雾化金刚石铁基触媒粉的工艺研究

采用典型检验和统计分析的方法研究了FeNi30高压水雾化金刚石触媒粉的形貌、氧含量、粒度与粒度组成及合成效果。结果表明,粉末为近球形颗粒,-200目产出率为68.2%。由于原有高压水雾化金刚石触媒粉的氧含量较高,不能直接在合成金刚石中使用。水雾化的触媒粉通过1 000℃,真空10-2Pa,6 h高温真空脱氧处理,触媒粉中氧的质量分数降到200×10-6～500×10-6,满足合成金刚石的要求。Φ38 mm腔体批量合成的单产达50～87 carat,粒度35/60目的金刚石粉达到46.5%至82.5%。粒度为-250目的触媒合成的金刚石品质较好,但与气雾化金刚石触媒粉相比,粒度还较粗,因此还需要不断改进雾化装置和雾化工艺,不断提高触媒粉成品率和品质。     

铬对铁基预合金粉末烧结组织和性能的影响

采用冷压烧结方法制备Fe-Ni-Mo-Cu-Cr系铁基粉末冶金材料,研究了铬对粉末烧结密度、微观组织特征及耐磨性能的影响,并借助于扫描电镜观察分析磨损形貌、探讨其摩擦磨损机制。结果表明,添加少量铬的Fe-Ni-Mo-Cu预合金粉末,在1120℃下烧结,可获得较高的烧结密度；微观组织硬度随铬量的增加而增加,表观硬度随密度的增加而增加。干滑动摩擦磨损率随磨损滑移距离的增加先增加而后逐渐降低,磨损机制主要为粘着磨损和氧化磨损。     

The Structure Control of Aluminum Foams Produced by Powder Compacted Foaming Process

A new technique, powder compact foaming process for the production of aluminum foams has been studied in this article. According to this method, the aluminum powder is mixed with a powder foaming agent (Till2). Subsequent to mixing, the powder blend is hot compacted to obtain a dense semi-finished product. Upon heating to temperatures within the range of the melting point, the foaming agent decomposes to evolve gas and the semi-finished product expands into a porous cellular aluminum. Foaming process is the key in this method. Based on experiments, the foaming characteristics were mainly analyzed and discussed. Experiments show that the aluminum-foam with closed pores and a uniform cell structure of high porosity can be obtained using this method by adjusting the foaming parameters: the content of foaming agent and foaming temperature.     

铬对铁基预合金粉末烧结组织和性能的影响

采用冷压烧结方法制备Fe-Ni-Mo-Cu-Cr系铁基粉末冶金材料，研究了铬对粉末烧结密度、微观组织特征及耐磨性能的影响，并借助于扫描电镜观察分析磨损形貌、探讨其摩擦磨损机制。结果表明，添加少量铬的Fe-Ni-Mo-Cu预合金粉末，在1120℃下烧结，可获得较高的烧结密度；微观组织硬度随铬量的增加而增加，表观硬度随密度的增加而增加。干滑动摩擦磨损率随磨损滑移距离的增加先增加而后逐渐降低，磨损机制主要为粘着磨损和氧化磨损。     

环件轧制和摆动辗压精密成形技术

阐明了环件轧制和摆动辗压两种精密成形技术原理和工艺特点。基于成形原理和工艺要求,介绍了轴承环件精密冷轧成形、高压开关环件精密热轧成形、齿轮和凸轮精密冷摆辗成形等典型零件精密成形技术生产应用情况。针对环件轧制和摆动辗压精密成形现状,分析了其技术发展趋势和面临课题。     

粉末液相模锻法制备BN增强Al-Cu基复合材料

采用粉末液相模锻技术制备出近全致密Al-5.3%Cu-3.0%h-BN(质量分数,下同)复合材料,研究了该技术制备的复合材料的致密化及界面结合状况。采用SEM、XRD、TEM等分析手段对球磨前后粉末形貌、复合材料显微结构及物相组成进行表征,利用布氏硬度计对复合材料硬度进行测试。结果表明:在大量液相存在的情况下,施加外力可有效促进复合材料的致密化。粗铝粉(35μm)制备的复合材料晶粒呈细条状,具有方向性,T6热处理后发生原位再结晶;细铝粉(2μm)制备的复合材料晶粒细小,晶粒形貌不明显。复合材料界面由Al/Al2O3/BN组成,清晰可见,结合紧密。复合材料与基体合金相比,硬度提高近15%,细铝粉制备的复合材料硬度比粗铝粉略高。     

粉末冶金件表面滚压塑性变形强化过程的数值模拟

针对粉末冶金件的表面滚压强化工艺,结合粉末冶金材料的塑性理论,运用MSC.Marc有限元软件,通过正确建立有限元模型,比较分析了不同进给量、滚压转速和摩擦系数对相对密度分布的影响及变化规律.结果表明,表面滚压可以有效提高粉末冶金件的表面区密度.适当提高进给量、滚压转速和摩擦系数,将有利于相对密度的提高.在工艺设计中应按实际加工条件和保证表面质量的前提下,适当选择这些工艺参数.同时,所述建模与模拟方法为粉末冶金材料的数值模拟提供了一种合理的研究思路.     

铁基粉末冶金从动轮零件热处理工艺改进

对类似FL4605铁基粉末冶金材料的从动轮零件经固体渗碳、重新加热淬火后.表观硬度严重不足的现象进行了原因分析.结果表明,渗碳后重新加热淬火,如果无保护性气氛保护,材料表面脱碳和氧化严重,油淬后硬度极低.为节省工时和成本,渗碳后采用保护性气氛加热直接淬火可以达到技术要求.     

Post-treatment Process of Semi-solid Powder Rolling

Semi-solid powder rolling is a strip manufacturing process, which combines powder rolling with semi-solid rolling in one step to prepare high-performance metallic strips. A total of 7050 aluminum alloy strips were prepared by semi-solid powder rolling and then used to study the post-treatment process and evaluate qualities of post-treated strips.Three post-treatment processes involving sintering, pre-sintering—cold deformation—sintering, and hot rolling were used to process the semi-solid powder rolled strips. The results show that both swelling of pores and densification occur during solid-state sintering while microhardness increases. The decrease in density is due to that the swelling of pores has a larger effect on the density change than that of densification. The relative density reaches 92.6% with the maximum microhardness of 300 HV after ‘‘pre-sintering—cold deformation—sintering' process. High microhardness is due to the ultrafine secondary particles uniformly distributed within the grains. The microhardness and relative density of a hot rolled strip are 176 HV and 99%, respectively, and the secondary particles disappear. Occurrence of recrystallization in these three post-treatment processes makes the grains finer.     

摆动辗压成形在粉末冶金件生产上的应用（续）

介绍了粉末冶金止推轴承环、NT130汽车后桥差速器行星锥齿轮、冶金齿类零件的生产工艺流程,并对双金属阀座环、铁基双金属止推轴套、铁基双金属轴套（滑动轴承）等典型零件的粉末冶金摆辗成形过程进行了介绍。和其他成形方法相比,通过摆动辗压成形的零件,所需要的成形力大幅度降低,产品能耗和成本明显降低、产品强度提高10％以上。     

摆动辗压成形在粉末冶金件生产上的应用

介绍了粉末冶金止推轴承环、NT130汽车后桥差速器行星锥齿轮、冶金齿类零件的生产工艺流程,并对双金属阀座环、铁基双金属止推轴套、铁基双金属轴套（滑动轴承）等典型零件的粉末冶金摆辗成形过程进行了介绍。和其他成形方法相比,通过摆动辗压成形的零件,所需要的成形力大幅度降低,产品能耗和成本明显降低、产品强度提高10％以上。     

发动机连杆的粉末锻造工艺

介绍了发动机连杆采用先进的粉末锻造工艺代替普通模锻工艺、生产工序和工艺参数,例举了连杆粉末锻造生产线的现状。阐述了用粉末锻造工艺代替普通模锻的优点。     

铁基自熔合金光束熔覆层的微观组织及强化机理

采用SEM、EDS、X射线衍射及显微硬度和洛氏硬度分析手段研究了铁基自熔合金粉末光束熔覆层的微观组织及其物相组成。结果表明,Fe-Ni-Cr-B-Si合金粉末的光束熔覆层微观组织由固溶于大量Cr,及少量B,Si,C的γ（Fe,Ni)树枝晶,枝晶间（Cr,Fe)7(C,B)3 γ（Fe,Ni)共晶所构成,光束熔覆层的宏观硬度达HRC47．3,高于同种材料喷涂层及TIG熔覆层的硬度。Cr,Si元素在γ相中的固溶,枝晶间共晶（Cr,Fe)7(C,B）3高硬度相的析出是光束熔覆层得以强化的主要原因。     

加强环滚弯成形工艺及锻模设计

通过对加强环零件的分析 ,确定了合理的加工原材料规格、成形工艺方案和锻模结构 ,解决了原生产过程中存在的材料浪费、加工困难等问题 ,提高了经济效益。