Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Microhardness of Nanostructural Al2O3 Coatings

Nanostructural Al₂O₃ coatings were formed on a steel substrate surface using a multichamber detonation sprayer. The Al₂O₃ coatings were characterized by a dense microstructure with porosity below 1% and hardness of 1300 ± 25 HV_0.3. The transition layer between the coating and substrate was up to 15 μm thick, containing Fe-Al-type intermetallic compounds (FeAl₃, Fe₂Al₅). Postdeposition heat treatment of the samples at 850 °C for 3 h was carried out in air and argon environments. The effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and microhardness of the Al₂O₃ coatings was investigated by optical microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, scanning probe microscopy, x-ray phase analysis, and Vickers hardness testing. A positive impact of postcoating heat treatment on the coating microstructure and microhardness was observed. Heat treatment resulted in an increase in the coating hardness from 1300, to 1350 ± 25 HV_0.3 and 1600 ± 25 HV_0.3 after annealing in air and argon, respectively. Heat treatment in argon led to a more significant increase in the α-Al₂O₃ phase from 47 to 81%.     

Microstructure and Thermal Characterization of Plasma-Sprayed Nanostructured La2Ce2O7-Doped YSZ Coatings

Nanostructured La₂Ce₂O₇-doped YSZ coatings were developed using atmospheric plasma-spraying technique by optimizing various process parameters. To ensure the retention of nanostructure, the molten state of nanoagglomerates was monitored using plasma and particle diagnostic tools. It was observed that the morphology of the coating exhibits a bimodal microstructure consisting of nanozones reinforced in a matrix of fully-molten particles. The thermal diffusivity of nano-LaCeYSZ coatings is lower than that of nano and bulk YSZ. The reason for this change in thermal diffusivity may be attributed to scattering of phonons at grain boundaries, point defect scattering and higher inter-splat porosity. Also, the thermal conductivity of the nanocomposite coatings was lower than those of nanostructured and bulk YSZ coatings. XRD results show cubic zirconia with a small amount of tetragonal zirconia. The average grain size of the as-sprayed La₂Ce₂O₇-YSZ nanocomposite coatings is ~150-200 nm. The improved thermal behavior is mainly due to a dense, packed, and more compact structure of the coatings.     

激光重熔纳米Al2O3-13%TiO2陶瓷涂层组织及性能

为了进一步提高等离子喷涂纳米Al2O3-13%TiO2(质量分数, 下同)复合陶瓷涂层的性能,在γ-TiAl基体材料表面采用激光重熔工艺对涂层进行处理,研究了激光重熔对涂层微观组织和性能的影响.用扫描电镜(SEM)和显微硬度计分析了涂层形貌、微观结构和显微硬度,同时对涂层的磨损特性进行了考察.结果表明,等离子喷涂纳米陶瓷涂层由纳米颗粒完全熔化区和部分熔化区两部分组成,仍然具有等离子喷涂态的典型层状结构.经过激光重熔后,形成了致密细小的等轴晶重熔区、烧结区和残余等离子喷涂区,由于激光快速加热和快速冷却加工特点,在重熔区仍保留了部分来源于原等离子喷涂部分熔化区的残留纳米粒子.与常规等离子喷涂陶瓷涂层相比,纳米结构涂层可在一定程度上提高其硬度和耐磨性,经过激光重熔后其硬度和耐磨性进一步提高.     

反应等离子喷涂制备FeAl2O4-Al2O3-Fe复合涂层的研究

以铝粉和氧化铁粉为原料,制备出适于等离子喷涂的复合团聚粉体;并采用反应等离子喷涂技术制备出FeAl2O4-Al2O3-Fe复合涂层,用SEM和XRD分析了复合涂层的组织结构.结果表明反应等离子喷涂得到了以层状基体相FeAl2O4与硬质相Al2O3为骨架,球状Fe相弥散分布于基体上的复合涂层.     

Effects of Boron Carbide Content on the Microstructure and Properties of Atmospheric Plasma-Sprayed NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3-B4C Composite Coatings

NiCoCrAlY/Al₂O₃ and NiCoCrAlY/B₄C composite powders were prepared with hydrogen reduction and solid state alloying process. NiCoCrAlY/Al₂O₃-B₄C composite coatings with different contents of B₄C were prepared by atmospheric plasma spray technology. The microstructures, mechanical properties, and tribological properties of the composite coatings with different B₄C contents were systematically investigated. The results show that the microhardness of the composite coatings increases, while the tensile strength of the composite coatings decreases, with the increase of B₄C contents. The wear volume of the composite coatings decreases from room temperature to 800 °C with the increase of B₄C contents. Abrasion wear is the main wear mechanism of the NiCoCrAlY/Al₂O₃-B₄C composite coating from room temperature to 800 °C.     

Effect of Nd2O3 Additive on Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Plasma-Sprayed NiCr-Cr2O3 Composite Coatings

Four types of NiCr-Cr₂O₃ composite coatings doped with different mass fraction of Nd₂O₃ were deposited by atmospheric plasma spraying. The microstructure and phase composition of as-sprayed coatings were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Furthermore, their friction and wear behaviors at 20 and 600 °C under unlubricated condition were evaluated using CSM high temperature tribometer. The results showed that Nd₂O₃ could refine microstructure of NiCr-Cr₂O₃ composite coating and make Cr₂O₃ distribution more uniform in the coating, which leads to the increase of average microhardness. In addition, NiCr-Cr₂O₃ composite coatings doped with Nd₂O₃ had better wear resistance than that without Nd₂O₃ at experimental temperatures. Especially, the coating containing 8 wt.% Nd₂O₃ showed the best wear resistance at 20 and 600 °C, which was attributed to the refined microstructure and improved microhardness. At 20 °C, the wear mechanism of the coating was abrasive wear, brittle fracture and splat detachment. At 600 °C, the wear mechanism was adhesion wear and plastic deformation.     

反应等离子喷涂制备FeAl2O4-A12O3-Fe复合涂层的研究

以铝粉和氧化铁粉为原料，制备出适于等离子喷涂的复合团聚粉体；并采用反应等离子喷涂技术制备出FeAl2O4-A12O3-Fe复合涂层，用SEM和XRD分析了复合涂层的组织结构。结果表明：反应等离子喷涂得到了以层状基体相FeAl2O4与硬质相Al2O3为骨架，球状Fe相弥散分布于基体上的复合涂层。     

原位TiB2／TixAly复合材料的相组成和微观结构研究

采用纯Ｔｉ，Ｂ，Ａｌ粉末通过真空热压反应烧结，成功地制备了原位ＴｉＢ_２增强的Ｔｉ_ｘＡｌ_ｙ金属间化合物基复合材料。结果表明，原位生长的ＴｉＢ_２多为尺寸小于０．１μｍ的块状粒子，并在基体中呈现比较明显的偏聚，粒子与基体的界面结合是良好的。     

Effect of Dispersed TiC Content on the Microstructure and Thermal Expansion Behavior of Shrouded-Plasma-Sprayed FeAl/TiC Composite Coatings

FeAl intermetallic matrix composites reinforced by ceramic particles such as titanium carbide have attracted much attention in recent years. In this study, shrouded plasma spraying with nitrogen as a protective gas was employed to deposit FeAl/TiC composite coatings. Fe-35Al powder and Fe-35Al/TiC composite powders containing 35 and 45?vol.% TiC prepared by mechanical alloying were used as feedstock powders. The microstructures of the ball-milled powders and the as-sprayed coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. The mean coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) of FeAl and FeAl/TiC were measured. The results showed that dense FeAl and FeAl/TiC coatings with low oxide inclusions were deposited by shrouded plasma spraying. The mean CTEs measured in the present study were reasonably consistent with those calculated based on the formula. As a result, the mean CTE of FeAl-based composite coating can be properly controlled by adjusting TiC content in the composite coating to match with those of different substrate materials.     

真空热处理对冷喷涂Ni-Al_2O_3复合涂层组织与显微硬度的影响

采用冷喷涂制备了Ni-Al2O3复合涂层,并通过真空热处理改善了Ni-Al2O3复合涂层的组织与性能。结果表明,后热处理可使涂层与基体发生冶金结合,同时热处理态涂层的孔洞缩小、层间裂纹间隙有闭合趋势,涂层更致密。但热处理对Al2O3颗粒的尺寸、分布及形貌几乎没有影响。同时热处理态涂层断口表现出韧性断裂特征,基体颗粒之间以及基体与增强体之间的结合增强。热处理后涂层硬度降低为(98.2±19.2)HV0.2,涂层韧性得到提高。     

激光熔覆纳米贝氏体涂层的组织与性能

采用高功率CO2激光熔覆铁基合金粉末,获得了无裂纹、稀释率低、成形良好的熔覆涂层。利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)对熔覆层的显微组织进行了观察与分析,通过硬度测试与拉伸试验考察了涂层的力学性能。结果显示:熔覆层为纳米贝氏体与残余奥氏体的复合组织,均匀分布的贝氏体铁素体板条厚度为50～80 nm,贝氏体板条间为厚度10～30 nm更为细小的残余奥氏体薄膜;熔覆层平均硬度为610 HV,熔覆涂层的抗拉强度为1 280 MPa,延伸率为6.41%,拉伸断口形貌为韧窝断口。     

原位合成WC/W表面复合材料组织和性能研究

本文通过在氢气保护的碳气氛中进行高温处理,在烧结态钨制品表面原位合成制备出具有一定厚度的碳化钨层。采用硬度和密度测试、金相、EDS、XRD分析等手段,系统研究了保温时间对碳化物层和钨基体的微观组织、相组成和性能的影响规律。研究结果表明:采用原位碳化制备的碳化钨层是由单一WC相组成的致密柱状晶组织,其与钨基体结合紧密;随保温时间的延长,碳化钨层厚度增加,钨基体晶粒尺寸逐渐长大;随保温时间的延长,碳化物层和钨基体的硬度都变化不大,试样的整体密度逐渐下降。     

Microstructure of Suspension Plasma Spray and Air Plasma Spray Al2O3-ZrO2 Composite Coatings

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ coatings were deposited by the suspension plasma spray (SPS) molecularly mixed amorphous powder and the conventional air plasma spray (APS) Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ crystalline powder. The amorphous powder was produced by heat treatment of molecularly mixed chemical solution precursors below their crystallization temperatures. Phase composition and microstructure of the as-synthesized and heat-treated SPS and APS coatings were characterized by XRD and SEM. XRD analysis shows that the as-sprayed SPS coating is composed of α-Al₂O₃ and tetragonal ZrO₂ phases, while the as-sprayed APS coating consists of tetragonal ZrO₂, α-Al₂O₃, and γ-Al₂O₃ phases. Microstructure characterization revealed that the Al₂O₃ and ZrO₂ phase distribution in SPS coatings is much more homogeneous than that of APS coatings.     

CO2超临界流体中制备镍基复合电铸层的微观组织和显微硬度

简单介绍CO2超临界流体(SCF-CO2)复合电铸的实验方法,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、数字显微硬度计对Ni-A12O3和Ni-金刚石复合电铸进行研究,分析SCF-CO2环境下制备的Ni-Al2O3复合电铸层(N1)和Ni-金刚石复合电铸层(N2)的表面微观组织,探讨强化颗粒(纳米A12O3和微米金刚石颗粒)、压力对N1和N2显微硬度的影响.结果表明,SCF-CO2环境下制备的N1表面光亮、平整,A12O3颗粒的分散效果好;随着Al2O3颗粒添加量增加,N1的显微硬度先逐渐上升后快速下降,在其添加量为60g/L、压力为14 MPa时,N1显微硬度最大,为11.4 GPa,是大气环境下制备的Ni-A12O3复合电铸层的2倍多,此时Nl中Al2O3颗粒的复合量为9.9％(质量分数).SCF-CO2环境下制备的N2表面含有黑色金刚石颗粒、微观组织呈胞状均匀分布;随着金刚石颗粒添加量增加,N2的显微硬度呈现先快速上升后逐渐下降的趋势,在金刚石颗粒添加量为60 g/L、压力为10MPa时,显微硬度最大,可达到9.1 GPa,当压力高于14 MPa后,N2的显微硬度快速下降.     

Bactericidal Performance of Flame-Sprayed Nanostructured Titania-Copper Composite Coatings

A large concern surrounding stainless steel surfaces is the ability of bacteria to grow and attach to them quite easily. One possible solution to destroy these pathogens is to coat surfaces with a biocidal agent. The photocatalytic effect of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is known to have a bactericidal effect. Coatings of TiO₂ were prepared on 1010 low carbon steel substrates using an oxy-acetylene flame spray torch. TiO₂ coatings containing 5 wt.% copper (Cu) were fabricated to increase the bactericidal effect of the coating. After deposition, the coatings were polished to an average roughness of 1 μm. Solutions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAK) bacteria were placed onto the coating surface for periods of up to 3 h, and the amount of surviving bacteria were counted. Some samples were irradiated with white light and other samples were held in a dark chamber. In coatings of copper-free flame-sprayed TiO₂, the high flame temperatures facilitated the conversion of the anatase phase to the rutile phase, which limited the photocatalytic destruction of the bacterial cells. However, TiO₂-copper composite coatings showed a large bactericidal effect, killing approximately 75% of PAK bacterial cells after 3 h. Under the same conditions, the TiO₂-copper composite coatings had the same bactericidal capabilities as pure copper surfaces, with the composite coatings showing improved bactericidal performance when exposed to light. It was proposed that increased concentrations of reactive oxide species produced due to TiO₂ photocatalysis improved the performance of the irradiated TiO₂-copper composite coatings.     

La_2O_3稀土对激光熔覆WC/Ni基复合涂层性能改善的研究

向WC陶瓷镍基合金粉末中添加不同质量分数的La2O3粉末制成混合粉末,采用大功率半导体激光器通过同轴送粉方式,在A3钢基材上制备熔覆层。利用SEM、EDAX、XRD分析研究了不同稀土加入量对熔覆层显微组织和相结构的影响,用显微硬度计、滑动摩擦磨损试验机分别测试了复合涂层的硬度、耐磨性。结果表明:由于稀土的加入,复合涂层的晶粒进一步细化,组织趋向均匀,硬度和耐磨性得到了提高,最终得出涂层粉末的最佳配比为(质量分数)59%Ni60,40%WC,1.0%La2O3。     

Microstructure and Wear Behavior of Conventional and Nanostructured Plasma-Sprayed WC-Co Coatings

WC-12%Co coatings were deposited by atmospheric plasma spraying using conventional and nanostructured powders and two secondary plasmogenous gases (He and H₂). Coating microstructure and phase composition were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and x-ray diffraction techniques (XRD) techniques. This study examined wear and friction properties of the coatings under dry friction conditions. SEM was used to analyze abraded surface microstructure. Coating microhardness and fracture toughness were also determined. All coatings displayed strong decarburization as a result of WC decomposition, which gave rise to the formation of secondary phases (W₂C and W). A very fine undissolved WC crystalline dispersion coexisted with these new phases. TEM observation confirmed that the matrix was predominantly amorphous and filled with block-type, frequently dislocated crystallites. Wear was observed to follow a three-body abrasive mechanism, since debris between the ball and the coating surface was detected. The main wear mechanism was based on subsurface cracking, owing to the arising debris. WC grain decomposition and dissolution were concluded to be critical factors in wear resistance. The level of decomposition and dissolution could be modified by changing the plasmogenous gas or feed powder grain size. The influence of the plasmogenous gas on wear resistance was greater than the influence of feedstock particle size.     

晶化对等离子喷涂Ni基涂层硬度的影响

采用大气等离子喷涂在低碳钢基底上制备了含有89．2％非晶的NiCrBSi涂层。应用X射线衍射分析和Weibull分布研究了两个晶化温度523℃和628℃下热处理2～6h对涂层微观结构和显维硬度的影响。结果表明，在两个温度下，晶化析出相晶粒大小和涂层的显微硬度Weibull模数都随着热处理时间的延长而增大，涂层均匀性变好。在523℃热处理，随着热处理时间延长，涂层显微硬度增大，在4h时达到最大值，而后下降；628℃热处理，显微硬度在2h时达最大值，而后随热处理时间延长而下降。523℃热处理4h，涂层具有最高显微硬度。     

FeAl/Al_2O_3复合阻氚涂层制备技术的研究进展

FeAl/Al_2O_3复合膜层是聚变堆氚增殖包层及辅助涉氚系统结构材料首选的阻氚涂层。其制备过程通常需要铝化和氧化2个步骤,铝化是Al原子与基体Fe原子通过相互扩散在基体表面形成铁铝固溶体(Fe,Al)或Fe-Al金属间化合物过渡层;氧化是使铝化涂层表面选择性氧化形成Al_2O_3膜。该阻氚涂层的制备可采用物理气相沉积(PVD)、化学气相沉积(CVD)、热浸铝化(HDA)、包埋渗铝(PC)、等离子体喷涂(PS)和电化学沉积(ECD)等技术。相对而言,CVD、HDA和PC等3种技术有较好的应用前景,有望成为聚变堆中FeAl/Al_2O_3阻氚涂层工程化制备的候选技术而ECD技术因其制备过程容易控制、涂层性能稳定、可涂镀复杂结构件等特点在FeAl/Al_2O_3阻氚涂层制备方面颇具吸引力。     

喷涂工艺对Ta2O5原位复合钽基纳米晶涂层微观结构及摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用大气等离子喷涂制备了Ta₂O₅原位复合钽基纳米晶涂层,利用SEM、微束XRD、微动摩擦磨损实验机及非接触三维表面轮廓仪等技术手段并结合计算分析,考察了喷涂功率、主气(Ar)流量等对钽基涂层表面Ta₂O₅含量、晶粒尺寸、显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能等的影响规律及原因。在考察范围内,随喷涂功率增大,钽基涂层表面Ta₂O₅含量呈先减小后增大的变化,而涂层表面α-Ta的晶粒尺寸及点阵畸变则均呈先增大后减小的变化;随Ar气流量增大,涂层表面Ta₂O₅含量总体呈减小趋势,在流量为2.17×10^-3~2.33×10^-3m³/s时达到最低,α-Ta的晶粒尺寸与点阵畸变的变化呈负相关性;采用间断喷涂方法时涂层表面Ta₂O₅含量降低,α-Ta晶粒尺寸及点阵畸变均略有减小。通过对喷涂相关微观过程特点的分析,对这些规律作了阐释。涂层的显微硬度与其表面Ta₂O₅含量相关,高硬度涂层的表面Ta₂O₅含量相对较低;干摩擦条件下晶粒较大、Ta₂O₅含量较少的涂层抵御硬质陶瓷低速刻划的能力较差;边界润滑状态下硬度较高的涂层表现出更优的抗磨减摩性能;采取间断喷涂可获得摩擦学性能最佳的涂层。钽基涂层的机械性能与其微观结构特征显著相关;除显微硬度外,涂层晶粒尺寸、点阵畸变及表面Ta₂O₅含量的相对值可用作质量控制的重要指标。