一种亚共析铀铌合金的凝固特点及显微偏析研究

分析了一种亚共析U-Nb合金的凝固过程,获得了该合金的固相线、液相线温度和固-液两相区的残余液相体积。发现凝固末期残余液体不能形成液体网,凝固枝晶很快互相连接,形成一些较大的孤立的液体池。凝固末期这种不能补缩的液体池易形成严重的疏松,理论初步计算合金的显微疏松量约为1.6%。发现合金中铌是严重的负偏析合金元素,凝固中期和凝固末期偏析系数k仅为0.16和0.11,极易在枝晶干偏聚造成枝晶偏析。     

Ring--Like Solidification Structure Of Mnbi Phase In Bi—Mn Alloy Under A High Magnetic Field

对强磁场作用下Bi-Mn合金分别从全熔态和从固液两相区开始的凝固过程及其组织的实验研究表明，磁场使初生MnBi相在试样外侧呈环状偏聚，其自身生长为棒状，棒的长轴沿磁场方向呈定向规则排列，而试样心部基本无初生MnBi相。在Curie点以上开始进行较慢的凝固时，由片状聚合而成的棒状MnBi具有单晶特征。对以上现象的形成原因进行了分析。     

偏晶合金液-液相变过程模拟

建立了能描述在弥散相液滴形核、扩散长大、碰撞凝并及两液相空间分离等因素共同作用下，偏晶合金液-液相变过程中组织演变过程的数学模型。将计算的温度场和浓度场与控制凝固组织演变的动力学方程相耦合，模拟研究了单向冷却条件下Al-Pb合金液-液相变过程中的组织演变过程。结果表明，随着冷却的进行，液-液相变区不断由试样底部向试样顶部推进，直至贯穿整个试样。由于在凝固过程中弥散相液滴进行Marangoni迁移和Stokes运动，试样中的某些部位会出现液滴贫化、过饱和度增加和多次形核现象。     

直流电流作用下Al-Bi偏晶合金连续凝固研究

开展了直流电流作用下Al-Bi偏晶合金的连续凝固试验,研究了直流电流密度、合金成分、凝固速度以及基体熔体与弥散相液滴电导率等因素对偏晶合金凝固组织形成的影响。结果表明,直流电流能够促使偏晶合金液-液相变过程中弥散相液滴发生径向迁移。当弥散相液滴的电导率小于基体熔体的电导率时,弥散相液滴在直流电流作用下由试样中心向试样表面迁移;当弥散相液滴的电导率大于基体熔体的电导率时,弥散相液滴在电流作用下由试样表面向试样中心迁移。     

Al-Bi偏晶点成分合金定向凝固过程研究

对Al-Bi偏晶点成分合金(Al-3.4%Bi,质量分数)开展了逆重力方向的定向凝固实验,考察了凝固速度对合金凝固组织的影响,分析了试样凝固组织形成过程.结果表明:Al-Bi偏晶点成分合金定向凝固时在固-液界面前沿液相内形成溶质Bi富集层,并发生液-液相变,少量相液滴在Marangoni迁移、Stokes沉积和试样自身下拉运动共同作用下进行空间迁移,当凝固速度较快时,凝固界面前沿所有尺寸的少量相液滴均向凝固界面迁移,合金凝固后少量相粒子尺寸呈现单峰分布;当试样凝固速度较慢时,部分少量相液滴在长大过程中其合速度方向按:指向凝固界面-背离凝固界面-再指向凝固界面顺序随液滴尺寸变化,合金凝固后少量相粒子尺寸分布呈现2个峰;当凝固速度较快时,少量相粒子平均尺寸R随凝固速度V_0近似呈R∝V_0~(-1/2)指数关系变化,随着凝固速度的下降,R与V_0间的关系向R∝V_0~(-1/3)指数关系趋近.     

增压涡轮用镍基高温合金的凝固特性和热裂倾向性

研究了增压涡轮用镍基高温合金K418和K419的凝固特性和热裂倾向性。同时研究了合金元素的偏析行为和析出相。结果表明,凝固末期多种强枝晶间偏析元素在液相中的偏聚导致K419合金的凝固行为较K418复杂。多种元素在枝晶间剩余液相中的偏聚导致K419合金的液相线极低。K419合金凝固过程中漫长的剩余液相期的存在严重削弱了枝晶间结合力,增加了其热裂倾向性。基于一种热裂敏感区模型提出热裂倾向性系数判据,K419合金的热裂倾向性系数高于K418合金。     

磁场对Bi-Mn合金两相区中MnBi相凝固组织的影响

将Bi-3%Mn和Bi-6%Mn合金加热至固液两相区内低于MnBi相Curie点的温度，保温30min后在一定条件下降温凝固，施加0－1．0T磁场，结果表明，磁场对MnBi相凝固组织和材料磁性能有明显的影响，Bi-Mn合金在固液两相区恒温时，MnBi晶体在大于0．1T的磁场作用下沿磁场方向排列和优先长大，定向排列因子г随外磁场强度的增大而提高，在磁场作用下的降温凝固过程中，沿磁场方向MnBi晶体长度增加，其平均长度随磁场的增大和合金在磁场中凝固时间的延长而增加，此外，磁取向试样具有明显的磁各向异性，平行定向排列方向的剩显著增强，而垂直方向的磁性很弱，从铁磁性MnBi晶体的磁各向异性和磁化晶体之间磁相互作用出发，建立了MnBi晶体的磁场中取向和优先长大的理论模型，并利用该模型对实验结果进行了讨论。     

TiN析出相对中碳Cr-Mo耐磨钢凝固组织的影响

借助热力学理论计算,设计了固液两相区保温凝固和连续冷却凝固实验,采用OM,SEM,EDS和EPMA等方法,研究了中碳Cr-Mo耐磨钢中Ti N的析出行为及其对凝固组织的影响.结果表明,随着Ti,N含量的增加,Ti N在固液两相区的析出温度逐渐升高.当钢中Ti的质量分数为0.090%,N为0.014%时,Ti N直接在液相区析出.在液固两相区内不同温度保温并水淬凝固后,Ti N主要分布于凝固组织的粗大枝晶间、枝晶前沿和剩余液相区域的等轴晶晶界处.此外,少量Ti N分布在粗大枝晶和等轴晶内.在连续冷却凝固过程中,Ti N析出相的形成温度是影响凝固组织粗细的主要因素.随着Ti含量的增加,Ti N析出相的形成温度升高,钢液实际凝固温度增高,凝固区间增大,局部凝固时间延长,凝固组织的二次枝晶臂间距不断增大;当Ti的质量分数超过0.066%后,Ti N析出相的形成温度与液相线接近或高于液相线,钢液实际凝固温度变化不大,二次枝晶臂间距趋于稳定.     

热型连铸锌铝合金的缺陷形成与机理

对5种典型锌铝合金在热型连铸工艺条件下的连续定向凝固进行了研究, 探讨该工艺下锌铝合金线材表面缺陷的产生机理, 并对部分缺陷的组织结构进行了显微分析. 结果表明 只有金属液压头、型口温度、拉铸速度和冷却条件诸工艺参数在一定范围内的协调配合, 才能拉铸出表面光滑的锌铝合金线材. 不合理的工艺参数将导致热裂、表面粗糙、糊状型口和拉漏等缺陷. 固液两相区的形状和位置对上述缺陷的形成有重要影响, 当固液两相区位于型口或型内时, 凝固界面将向型内凸入, 如果剩余液体不能抵消凝固收缩, 就会出现表面粗糙; 若凝固界面深入型内较多, 则使型内凝固的铸锭摩擦力过大, 形成热裂; 固液两相区移至型外, 凝固界面将变成平面, 容易发生拉漏.     

定向凝固Al-4%Cu合金微观组织和溶质浓度影响因素研究

以Al-4%Cu亚共晶合金为研究对象,研究不同试样尺寸、初始变形量以及晶体取向条件下定向凝固单晶Al-4%Cu合金微观组织、固溶体中溶质浓度变化,以及凝固过程中溶质的分布规律和影响因素。结果表明,随着试样直径增大,Al-4%Cu合金内非平衡共晶相体积分数提高,Cu溶质成分曲线越平缓,α-Al固溶体Cu溶质分布更加均匀,晶内偏析减小,这主要是由于大尺寸试样熔体中自然对流更加充分,促进了溶质在液相中的扩散,减轻了固液界面前沿溶质的富集;施加一定塑性变形后,由于变形导致试样中位错密度增加,位错增殖和运动过程中形成的空位缺陷可以容纳更多溶质原子,因而凝固初期Cu成分曲线升高,α-Al固溶体中溶质浓度增大;对于不同取向的试样,随着晶体取向偏离[001]方向角度增大,微观偏析先降低后增大,而固溶体中溶质浓度先增大后降低。这是由于固/液界面能存在各项异性,溶质原子进入固/液界面的难易程度与晶体取向相关,不同晶面原子的吸附能力不一致,从而导致固液界面前沿溶质富集和固溶体中溶质浓度存在差异。     

STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF BORON CONTENT ON THE ORDERED EXTENT OF THE Ni_3Al INTERMETALLICS COMPOUND BY AP-FIM

1. IntroductionPolycrystalline Ni3AI materials, an intermetallic compound with the L12 ordered structure, have been studied extensively in the past few years becallse of their potential application at high temperature structural applications. The brittle intergranular fractures andthe dramatic ductilizing effect of small amounts boron in polycrystalline Ni3AI led on tostudy the structure and chemistry of grain boundary[1--3]. The intergranular fragility ofNisAI alloys has been explained by…     

YNi_5 PHASE AND ITS EFFECT UPON PROPERTIES OF Ni_3Al ALLOY

An additive of Y to Ni_3Al based alloy may form a phase YNi_5 which increases in amount withthe increase of Y content.It was found that the YNi_5 phase in Ni_3Al alloy could remarkablymake its grains finer and its grain boundaries more crooked other than straight.If the Y con-tent≥0.1 wt-%,it occurs as solid solution state and is favorable to high temperaturecompressive properties and oxidation resistance of the alloy.While Y≥0.3 wt-%,the forma-tion of YNi_5 is predominant in the shape of irregular strips inside Ni_3Al grains and alongtheir grain boundaries.This seems to be quite harmful to high temperature strength,ductilityand oxidation resistance of the alloy.     

INFLUENCE OF BORON ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF RAPIDLY SOLIDIFIED Ni_3Al

By means of nonstoichiometry,rapid solidification and adequate boron addition,the tensilestrength and bending resistance of Ni_3Al has been improved.When adding 0.52 to 1.37 at.-%B into Ni_3Al,which has the beneficial effect on the ductility.If boron addition is too high,there are coarse Ni_(23)B_6 particles and NiB_(12) phases found at the grain boundaries.Boronmodification in Ni_3Al promotes the ordering in the region near grain boundaries.The grainboundary of boron free Ni_3Al is a large angle one,but turns into a small angle grain bound-ary with sub-grains of dislocation characteristics when the boron content in Ni_3Al reaches1.37 at.-%.     

ZnO+Al粉末铝热剂对2024铝合金电阻点焊熔核质量的影响

提出具有节能高效特征的粉末铝热剂介入型电阻点焊新技术,通过添加ZnO+Al粉末铝热剂介入2024铝合金电阻点焊,研究了铝热剂介入对电阻点焊熔核成形、显微组织、力学性能等质量因素的影响。结果表明,在ZnO+Al粉末铝热剂冶金反应热的辅助作用下,可以有效增大2024铝合金的电阻点焊溶核尺寸以及熔核内部树枝晶区尺寸。粉末铝热剂的添加,使熔核中心区域拥有更多的异质形核晶核,促使凝固进程中的固-液界面前沿出现大范围成分过冷,更有利于等轴晶的形核,使等轴晶的分布更为均匀,细化熔核中心等轴树枝晶束。同时,也强化熔核胞状晶区,使熔核强韧性得到提高。最终在试验焊接电流范围内提高焊点强度28%~200%。     

硼对快凝Ni3Al组织结构及力学性能的影响

本文通过快凝及加硼合金化的方法改善金属间化合物Ni_3Al的韧性。实验表明:加入0.5-1.4at.-％的硼对Ni_3Al的塑性提高最有利。结构分析表明:在含1.37at.-％硼的Ni_3Al中,硼以Ni_(23)B_6弥散相及晶界偏聚方式存在;当硼量增至2.22at.-％时,硼以粗大的Ni_(23)B_6及NiB_(12)相在晶界处析出。无硼的Ni_3Al晶界为大角度晶界;当硼加至1.37at.-％时,Ni_3Al晶界以位错排列成亚晶界,以小角晶界形式存在。     

Effect of Phosphorus on Solidification Behavior of IN783 Alloy

Phosphorus plays an important role in the solidification, segregation and as-cast microstructure of superalloys. In order to control the as-cast microstructure and homogenization of IN783 alloy, the effect of phosphorus on the as-cast microstructure and the solidification sequence of IN783 alloy was investigated and analyzed. The as-cast microstructure of IN783 alloy is constituted by γ matrix mainly located in dendrite core and segregation zone, together with β phase, blocky Laves phase and P-enriched phas...     

Real-time observation of grain nucleation and growth during solidification of aluminium alloys

The crystallisation kinetics of liquid aluminium–titanium alloys with microscopic TiB₂ particles added to refine the grain size in the solidified material was studied by X-ray diffraction measurements at a synchrotron source. Real-time observation of the formation and growth of individual grains reveals the central role played by the added TiB₂ particles during solidification. Prior to the main transformation, weak reflections of a metastable TiAl₃ phase were detected. This observation finally pinpoints the highly debated mechanism responsible for enhanced grain nucleation in Al–Ti–B alloys.     

Titanium diboride-metals gradient materials prepared by field activated diffusion bonding process

Functionally gradient samples are prepared by getting metal Ni or Cu bonded with Ni-matrix composites reinforced by TiB_2 particles by field activated diffusion bonding process.The intermetallic compound of Ni_3Al has been applied as a mediate layer in order to reduce residual stress.The microstructure,phase composition of the interfaces between the metal and Ni_3Al are determined and the mechanical properties of the gradient materials are characterized.Elemental concentration profiles across the interfaces between layers showed significant diffusion dissolution and formation of firm bonds.Measured micro-hardness values of the sample increased monotonically from the metal substrate to the surface layer of composites.The values for the surface composite layer ranged from about 2 000 HK to 3 300 HK.The results of this investigation demonstrate the feasibility of field activated diffusion bonding process for rapid preparation of FGMs.     

Grain refinement of Al-Cu alloy in low voltage pulsed magnetic field

The effect of a low voltage pulsed magnetic field (LVPMF) on grain refinement of Al-Cu alloy was investigated at different solidification stages. The cooling curve was also studied to investigate the grain refinement mechanism of LVPMF. The fine grains are obtained by applying the LVPMF during the nucleation stage. The LVPMF has no obvious influence on the solidification structure when it is applied during liquid phase stage or crystal growth stage. Application of LVPMF increases the nucleation temperature of the isomorphous transformation, and also decreases the recalescence magnitude of the alloy. The refining mechanism was proposed that the LVPMF provides extra energy for nucleation, which decreases the energy barrier and the critical radius for nucleation, leading to high nucleation rate and grain refinement.     

偏析对DZ483镍基高温合金糊状区内液相密度的影响

为研究DZ483合金在凝固过程中的元素偏析行为对糊状区内液相密度的影响,采用等温凝固结合水淬法对合金进行不同温度下的凝固实验.利用OM和SEM观察试样的凝固组织,利用EDS测量固相和剩余液相的元素含量,并根据剩余液相的成分计算其密度.结果表明,DZ483合金的开始凝固温度略低于1335℃,在1325℃液相中开始析出富含Ta和Ti的MC;W和Co为负偏析元素,Mo,Ta和Ti为正偏析元素,而Al和Cr几乎不发生偏析;剩余液相的密度随温度降低基本呈下降趋势,但在1325至1315℃之间有所回升.计算结果表明,温度对液相密度的影响很小,合金元素的偏析对液相密度的影响占主要地位.其中,Mo和Ta的偏析导致液相密度增加,而Ti和W的偏析导致液相密度明显降低.备合金元素的偏析对密度变化的贡献由大到小顺序为:Ti>Ta>W>Cr>Mo>Al>Co.MC的形成消耗了大量的Ti和Ta,对合金元素的偏析造成一定的影响,从而导致液相密度在1325至1315℃之间有所增加.