电镀废水中有机污染物产排污特征与排放控制要求

结合电镀生产工艺流程和电镀废水末端治理工艺流程,分析了电镀废水中有机污染物的产排污节点、种类和特征。按照我国现行国家和地方水污染物排放标准对电镀废水有机污染物的排放限值,指出电镀企业应对废水中有机污染物进行二级生物处理或深度处理,才能达到标准要求。结合实际调研,分析了电镀废水有机污染物达标难点,并提出源头预防与末端组合工艺相结合的污染防治思路。     

含铬镍电镀废水的分类处理工程实践

根据昆山某机械公司排放的含铬、含镍及综合电镀废水的性质,采用分类收集后,分别以物化法及生物法对上述3种废水进行了处理。调试运行结果表明:采用物化法及生物法处理电镀废水稳定可靠,处理效果较好,系统整体出水达到了《电镀污染物排放标准》(GB21900—2008)要求,其中氨氮和TP达到了《江苏太湖地区城镇污水处理厂及重点工业行业主要污染物排放限值》(DB 32/1072—2007)要求。     

电子电镀生产车间室内废水处理设施工艺设计

马鞍山市某电子电镀生产车间室内废水处理设施建设工程,将电镀废水分类收集与处理,包括含镍废水、化镍废水、含氰废水、综合废水、前处理废水、混排废水。废水经处理后,回用水率≥40%,排放水水质标准中重金属污染物按《电镀污染物排放标准》(GB21900-2008)“表3水污染物特别排放限值”执行,其他污染物按排水管网下游的污水处理厂进水水质限值执行。详细介绍了废水分类、工艺流程、工程设计及经济指标,对于电镀工业中的相似工程,特别是用地受限、排放标准严格、回用水要求高的工程,具有借鉴意义。     

执行电镀废水排放标准有效措施及工程案例

在钱塘江流域执行《电镀污染物排放标准》(GB21900-2008)中表3规定排放限值的新形势下,沿江电镀企业面临严峻的环保压力。系统分析了电镀废水排放超标的技术原因,从电镀废水处理中的络合剂、化学反应极限和自动控制程度等方面,阐述了达到标准中表3规定排放限值的技术措施,提出了废水处理升级改造的思路。并介绍了长三角地区几个电镀企业废水处理整体改造的成功案例。     

浙江省《电镀水污染物排放标准》解读第2部分——总镉、总镍限值的确定

介绍了浙江省《电镀水污染物排放标准》(DB 33/2260–2020)中非太湖流域地区总镍和总镉排放限值的设置分析过程.其中,总镍排放限值的设置依据了现有处理技术的可达性,即基于对处理后排放总镍浓度的实际调研,而设置总镉排放限值时重点分析了无镉电镀中镉的来源,并查阅了有关含镉电镀废水处理的研究论文.在初步确定限值的基础上,通过环境基准进行合理性分析,最终确定总镍和总镉排放限值分别为0.30 mg/L和0.04 mg/L,符合《环境保护法》中对地方排放标准的要求.     

城市化工：江苏太湖地区铁腕治污、科学治太

以突出控制富营养化指标为重点的江苏省太湖地区印染、化工、造纸、钢铁、电镀和食品制造等新的《六大行业主要水污染物排放限值》即将正式实施。到2009年1月1日，完不成提标升级改造任务的六大行业老企业一律关闭。     

《电镀污染物排放标准》(GB 21900–2008)存在的问题与修改建议

分析《电镀污染物排放标准》(GB21900–2008)后发现,其中多数控制限值严于发达国家,个别控制限值在技术上不可实现或超出检测极限。现有标准的部分指标不具备技术可行性和经济可行性,同时也不具备可执行。建议根据不同自然环境的背景值,修订排放标准,促进电镀企业向高质量发展转型。     

江苏太湖地区铁腕治污、科学治太

以突出控制富营养化指标为重点的江苏省太湖地区印染、化工、造纸、钢铁、电镀和食品制造等新的《六大行业主要水污染物排放限值》即将正式实施。到2009年1月1日,完不成提标升级改造任务的六大行业老企业一律关闭。     

市场纵横

江苏太湖区电镀等六大行业面临生死考验以突出控制富营养化指标为重点的江苏省太湖地区印染、化工、造纸、钢铁、电镀和食品制造等新的《六大行业主要水污染物排放限值》即将正式实施。近日,江苏省召开太湖地区六大行业"提标升级"动员会,明确了提标升级时限:到2009年1月1日,完不成提标升级改造任务的六大行业老企业一律关闭。     

3月1日起“2+26”城市执行大气“特别排放”限值

正按照环境保护部《关于京津冀大气污染传输通道城市执行大气污染物特别排放限值的公告》,3月1日,此区域内,国家排放标准中已规定大气污染物特别排放限值的行业以及锅炉的新建项目,开始执行特别排放限值。截至目前,我国已有25项排放标准中规定了大气污染物特别排放限值。对于这25项排放标准涉及的京津冀大气污染传输通道城市的企业,分3个时间点进行实施。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。