基于可编程定时计数器8254的滚珠丝杠螺距误差测量方法

介绍了利用可编程定时/计数器8254测量滚珠丝杠螺距误差的实现方法。8254的计数脉冲频率高,三个内部计数器具有软件锁存功能,可同时锁存三个计数器的计数值和状态,避免了由于软件读取时刻不同而造成的读数误差。实验证明,该测量系统具有测量精度高、实时性好等优点。     

基于时钟细分法的弧齿锥齿轮传动误差测量研究

为提高弧齿锥齿轮传动机构的啮合质量、改善传动部件的啮合性能,通过对传动误差检测原理的分析,提出一种使用固定频率的时钟信号对角位移传感器输出的脉冲进行细分的方法,建立齿轮副传动链误差的测量模型;然后通过同步采集的时间刻度信号对数据进行二次采样,重构传动误差的时域序列,进而实现传动链的谱分析;最后,搭建了传动误差检测试验平台,并对一弧齿锥齿轮副啮合时的传动误差进行测量验证。结果表明,该方法测量精度高,时间延时少,其结果能够为弧齿锥齿轮的设计与加工修形提供实验依据,具有较广的应用前景。     

某型探空火箭测发控系统高精度时钟的设计

高精度时钟在某型探空火箭测发控系统中发挥着关键作用。提出了一种通过对PC/104嵌入式计算机板载8254定时/计数器重新编程来实现DOS操作系统下高精度时钟的方法,通过重新设定8254定时器0通道的计数值提高输出频率,通过高精度信号发生器对输出频率进行校准消除计数值引入的截断误差。试验结果表明该方法能够使PC/104计算机实现高精度时钟,确保测发控系统的各项测试精度达到技术要求。     

基于单片机和8254计数器的电机转速测量方法

通过单片机扩展8254计数器、采用变周期算法实现电机转速的高精度和实时测量.介绍了测速电路组成及8254的主要工作方式和控制命令;分析了测频率法和测周期法两种转速测量方法的理论误差,结合单片机系统特点和具体的测量要求,把测速范围分为高低两个区间,应用不同的8254工作状态,使测量结果完全满足精度需求,具有占系统资源少、算法简单和反应快的特点.     

雷电回击计数器有效触发计数信号的识别方法

为了解决基于双指数波形设计的雷电回击计数器计数结果偏高问题,文章对这种计数器产生触发计数信号过程进行了分析研究,指出了峰值较大的M分量及单次回击中多次震高是导致计数误差的主要原因。通过大量的自然雷电及人工引雷测量数据对比研究,提出了识别回击脉冲的波头陡度、有效脉宽及脉冲间隔等特征参量。在此基础上,设计了回击有效计数脉冲信号提取电路,利用斜率检测方法识别出满足波头陡度判断条件的回击脉冲,由单稳态触发器使单次回击在持续时间内仅产生唯一计数脉冲。电路仿真实验结果表明,该方法可以抑制波头缓的大峰值M分量及单次回击脉冲内多次震高产生冗余脉冲造成的计数误差,提高计数器对有效触发计数信号的识别效率。     

基于感应同步器的传动链精密测量系统

介绍了基于感应同步器的传动链精密测量系统的组成、工作原理及实际应用,阐述了应用差频和填充二次细分技术对频率调制型感应同步器的传感信号进行数字细分的基本原理。该系统可广泛应用于传动误差和位置误差的测量以及误差补偿。     

动态频率测量的滞后误差分析及改进方法

采用常规方法测量动态频率时会产生滞后误差,该误差与被测信号的频率变化率以及测量结果的更新间隔时间成正比。为了降低滞后误差,对3种常规的频率测量方法进行改进研究。改进测周法,提出了周期跟踪法,当测量信号周期的定时器计时值超过上一个信号周期时,将定时器计时值作为信号周期并实时更新测量结果,从而缩短测量结果的更新间隔时间以降低滞后误差;改进多周期同步法,提出了分步移动式多周期同步法,在信号边沿中断程序中记录信号周期,并根据最近的若干个信号周期记录来计算信号频率,将测量结果的更新周期由多个信号周期缩短为单个信号周期,滞后误差最多可降低约2/3;改进计数法,提出了分步移动式计数法,采用计数器对信号数进行连续计数,将用于统计信号数的计时时间的1/n设置为定时器中断周期,在定时器中断程序中读取并记录计数器数值,根据最新记录的n个计数器数值来计算信号频率,将测量结果的更新间隔时间缩短为计数法的1/n,滞后误差最多可降低约2/3。     

传动误差比相测量方法的分析与比较

对传动链误差的比相测量方法进行了归纳，分析了各种方法的测量特性、误差因素及适用的传动比范围，阐明了传动误差测量技术的发展趋势。     

基于双光栅尺的高速高精度位移测量方法

提出了一种基于双光栅尺的高速高精度位移测量方法。在分析光栅尺测量原理的基础上,探讨双光栅尺信号的切换合成;通过对莫尔条纹电子细分计数脉冲切换误差的分析,研究减小切换合成误差的方法;采用可编程逻辑器件FPGA设计信号处理电路,并通过逻辑、时序仿真,验证了本方法的可行性。实验结果表明:此方法在光栅尺移动速度＞1 m/s时,具有10 nm分辨率,可满足新一代运动定位系统对高速高精度位移测量的要求。     

改进型时钟脉冲细分技术原理与应用

本文介绍了一种利用计算机时钟脉冲细分光栅脉冲信号相位的方法——改进型时钟脉冲细分技术。给出了工作原理、硬件框图和软件流程图,最后介绍了细分技术在机床传动链同步误差检测仪中的应用情况。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.