“肥胖”弹响“肾脏损害四重奏”

在这个春光明媚的季节,人们脱去厚实的冬装,穿着缤纷绚丽的长裙短衣,尽情展示身材的曲线之美,无时无刻不在诱惑着人们的视线,而再美的服装都需要有窈窕的身材来作映衬, 这便是所有爱美人士不遗余力地在春季减肥塑身的原动力。从美学的角度看爱美人士减肥仅仅是为了有窈窕的身材、迷人的曲线;从医学的角度看肥胖除了给人带来生活上的不便之外, 就是肥胖还会给人带来高血压、高血糖(糖尿病)、高血脂、高尿酸等多种疾病。     

随性五月风 “2010春季男配饰”

五月是一个春光明媚的季节。今季,休闲设计风格的男士配件以更加明显且独特的样式呈现出来,在每件配饰中似乎都可以感受到男人的阳刚之气和不乏精致的细节之美。本季,休闲风主导潮流,可以在充满乡村英伦风情的领带中嗅到夏的味道、在朴素的围巾和运动感的大型包中体会着男士随性的真我性格。在粗犷的外形下,配饰细微的变化随处可见,与剪裁精良的衬衫搭配,处处流露出闷骚的气质。     

“中毒”在阳朔

如果你只能去一个地方放松自己的心灵,那么阳朔或许是你最好的选择。山不在高、有仙则名用在这里是最合适的。一条街、一条江、一曲山歌成就了中国最美丽的地方!这里的山是那么的清、水是那么的秀、石是那么的美、洞是那么的奇、歌是那么的甜。山水之间、洞石之间、人歌之间是那么的和谐。都市忙碌的人们在阳朔寻找着真实的自我,抛开一切的烦恼。其实,这里最让人留恋的还是它的美食——它能让你的口欲中毒,从此欲罢不能。     

八角茴香及其提取物莽草酸的研究进展

禽流感在全世界的爆发,中国传统香料八角茴香因含有抗禽流感病毒的重要成分,具有重要的药用价值被人们重视。综述国内外关于八角茴香的化学成分,药理作用方面的研究进展,以及八角茴香的重要成分莽草酸的分离提取及药理方面的内容,为开发和利用八角茴香提供参考。     

全球标签市场现状及展望

到2011年,全球标签产量将达到500亿平方米,年增长率为7%总产值将达1000亿美元,年增长率为9%左右.受全球包装市场扩张的影响,特别是特殊饮料、个人护理产品和医药产品的异军突起,全球标签市场的发展前景也将更加广阔.此外,随着世界的不断发展,先进的物流和数据处理系统在发展中国家的普及、尖端技术的开发和渗透以及增值标签功能的日益完善也将为标签业的发展起到重要的推动作用.     

HAVE A REST——欧宝卡车情景

正我对二战轮式车辆一直比较喜爱,而自己一直没有做过二战德军的卡车系列,在看了很多高手的卡车作品后自己也想开工一辆,我最终选择了制作一辆经典的欧宝3吨4×2卡车。欧宝卡车作为二战德军重要的轮式车辆,不仅产量很大而且根据不同的用途又衍生出了很多不同的型号,货厢版是最基本的欧宝3吨卡车,也是群众基础最好的一个版本,但正是因为做的人太多,对于我这种追求"个性"的人来说,做一个普通的货厢版无疑是缺乏吸引力的。为了让自己的欧宝卡车能别具一格,我查阅了一些欧     

俄罗斯冰淇淋的发展现状

介绍了俄罗斯冰淇淋的发展的现状、冰淇淋的产量、种类、生产冰淇淋企业的生产状况和进出口贸易情况,总结了俄罗斯冰淇淋存在的一些问题,并结合我国特点对发展我国冰淇淋的研发与改进,丰富我国的冰淇淋的种类等方面提出了合理性的建议。     

冯绍峰 八阿哥微博情

他曾经这样说:痴情的角色的确有一些就够了,我其实最想演的是混蛋,不过是善良的混蛋。可能他做的事情在普通人看来都是不好的,甚至有争议的,但他的内心和本质却是温柔善良的。我觉得这样的人物会更立体,有鲜明的特征,不仅真实也更有魅力。他是温文尔雅、风度翩翩的富家公子,他是痴情的年代戏第一小生,如今他又化身执著坚定的痴情阿哥。他是谁?他是冯绍峰。     

创意过节

年年岁岁花相似,岁岁年年人不同。又是一年春来到,新年的钟声敲响了。时尚人群早已厌倦了传统的过节方式,他们拥有不同的创意,不同的理念,不同的新鲜想法,让自己的每个节日都能过的更有新意。那么让我们在崭新的一年,用自己创意的过节方式来度过不一样的节日吧!     

影响香菇甲醛代谢的物质研究

过去的研究已证明香菇甲醛是由香菇子实体自身代谢产生的.影响香菇甲醛代谢的因素至今未有太多的文献涉及.通过向香菇子实体外部添加的方法,研究谷胱甘肽代谢途径的相关物质、含硫物质、生物信号分子及天然抗氧化物质等对香菇甲醛代谢的影响.试验结果表明:与谷胱甘肽代谢途径相关的物质均能显著地影响香菇甲醛的代谢.尤其是添加谷胱甘肽、半胱氨酸和谷氨酸的混合物,可使香菇甲醛的含量发生极显著地变化;含硫化合物中仅硫酸钠可以极显著地改变香菇甲醛的代谢;生物信号分子NO及天然抗氧化物质VC也能使香菇甲醛的含量与对照明显的不同.     

虾、蟹壳利用的研究进展

虾、蟹壳是虾、蟹加工过程中产生的主要废弃物,含有较大量的蛋白质、灰分和甲壳素,以及少量的脂肪、游离氨基酸和虾青素等。近年来,随着我国养殖、捕捞技术的进步以及伏季休渔制度的实施,虾、蟹产量逐年上升。因此,有效利用虾、蟹壳副产物,开发基于虾、蟹壳废弃物的利用途径和产品类型,以提高产品附加值,减少环境污染,对于虾、蟹产业的健康发展具有重要意义。目前,采用酸碱法制备甲壳素是虾、蟹壳利用的主要方法,该方法易于操作,但能耗高且污染严重,近年来研究人员对传统的酸碱法制备甲壳素的工艺进行了优化,并积极探索酶法和发酵法等新型提取工艺。此外,虾、蟹壳中其他可利用成分(蛋白质、脂肪、钙质和虾青素)的提取和利用也获得了许多研究成果。本文主要综述了虾、蟹壳的组成成分,虾、蟹壳整体利用途径以及虾、蟹壳中甲壳素、蛋白质、脂肪、钙质、虾青素等成分的提取和利用途径的研究进展,以期为虾、蟹壳的高效、低成本、无污染和高附加值利用提供借鉴。     

纸质文献保存和修复方法专利技术综述

通过对纸质文献保存和修复领域专利技术文献的收集、分析、标引和梳理,分析了该领域专利技术分布及专利申请情况,分别探析了脱酸、修补、加固、装裱4种技术的专利技术演进路线,最后对该领域专利技术进行了总结。     

叶幕类型对摩尔多瓦葡萄酒品质的影响

以棚架和篱架两种栽培方式的摩尔多瓦葡萄果实为试材,成熟后采收进行酿酒试验,测定水平叶幕和直立叶幕对葡萄酒品 质的影响。 结果表明,棚架葡萄酒与篱架葡萄酒可滴定酸含量无显著差异（P＞0.05）,但棚架葡萄酒的pH值比篱架葡萄酒高0.02,葡萄 酒色度提高44.12%,总酚、抗坏血酸含量分别提高18.65%、14.64%,抗氧化能力（铁还原能力和DPPH自由基清除能力）分别提高43.76%、 17.39%。同时,棚架葡萄酒香气物质种类比篱架葡萄酒多7种,酯类、醇类物质含量分别是篱架的3.06倍、1.36倍,其中,正己醇、辛酸乙 酯、苯乙醇含量是篱架葡萄酒的2.08倍、2.26倍、1.93倍,乙酸异丁酯、丙醇、乙酸异戊酯含量也分别高69.80%、41.87%、60.57%。 由此表 明,棚架水平叶幕可提高葡萄酒次生代谢物质含量,增加葡萄酒色调饱和度,增强葡萄酒稳定性,提升葡萄酒风味,改善葡萄酒品质。     

Effect of common and new gums on the quality,physical, and textural properties of bakery products: A review

Hydrocolloids (gums) have a good functional characteristic such as emulsifying, gelling, solubility, and textural improvement. In the bakery products, hydrocolloids were used to improving dough performance, bread and cake characteristics, sensorial quality, and extension the products shelf life. Several studies reported the potential use of hydrocolloids in breads, biscuits, cakes, and pasta formulation. The present review summarized the effect of the most common and new hydrocolloids (xanthan, guar, Arabic, carrageenan, karaya, alginate, acacia, methylcellulose, carboxy methyl cellulose, hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose, locust bean, balangu seed, wild sage seed, basil seed, and cress seed gums) on the rheological, physicochemical, textural, and quality characteristics of bakery products. Gums addition improved volume and porosity of the breads and cakes. Gums influence on the gelatinization and retrogradation of starch and decreased the retrogradation of starch. In the bakery products, hydrocolloids were used to improving mixing and increasing the shelf life of the products through moisture preservation and avoidance of syneresis in some frozen foods. This study summarized the influence of the most common and new hydrocolloids on the rheological, physicochemical, textural, and quality characteristics of bakery products. Addition of seeds gum to the breads, biscuits, cakes, and pasta formula led to an increase in the viscosity of the batter. Also, the firmness of bakery products showed that they became softer with increasing gum levels.     

纺纱牵伸胶辊胶圈应用技术概要

阐述棉纺牵伸胶辊、胶圈的应用技术和牵伸原理,重点探讨了胶辊、胶圈的牵伸工艺特性及其合理配置、胶辊制作、周期管理、质量管理、使用管理、产品缺陷与其机械波分析、纺纱环境和挡车工操作水平对纺纱性能的影响,提出胶辊、胶圈有关机件的质量要求等。     

3种功能性甜味剂对大米蒸煮品质和消化特性的影响

为提高米饭蒸煮品质、延缓米饭回生和改善米饭消化性能,比较不同质量分数低聚果糖、山梨糖醇和麦芽糖醇3 种低能量甜味剂对大米浸泡吸水率、直链淀粉比例、硬度、微观结构、晶体结构、热特性及消化特性等指标的影响。结果表明,3 种甜味剂处理均能够提高大米的吸水率,降低米饭的硬度。此外,低聚果糖、山梨糖醇和麦芽糖醇处理均能降低米饭的体外消化水解率。其中,1.6%低聚果糖处理的大米在浸泡25 min时吸水率提高了11.18%,直链淀粉比例、糊化焓值和放置24 h后硬度分别降低了7.36%、22.91%和21.79%,且与其他处理相比,显著降低了糊化焓值和结晶度,并表现出较好的微观结构和抗回生性。该研究为大米精深加工与方便米饭产品开发提供依据。     

酿酒工艺与产品风格质量的关系

文章根据酿酒就是培养微生物获取代谢产物-酒精与香味物质的原理,从"酿酒工艺不同,微生物种类不同,代谢产物不同,主香成分不同,香型不同,产品风格质量不同"几个方面,论述了酿酒工艺与产品风格质量之间的关系.提出了酿酒工艺是培养微生物的手段,获取其代谢产物酒精与香味物质才是酿酒目的的观点.指出:只有在坚持传统酿酒工艺的基础上不断改进传统酿酒工艺,才能使"手段"(酿酒工艺)更科学,更先进,更合理,更完善,更高明,才能获取更多代谢产物(酒精和香味物质),达到优质高产的"目的".     

Differences in the amount and structure of extractable skin and seed tannins amongst red grape varieties

Background and Aims:  Red wine is a very rich source of flavanols, consisting of catechins and oligomeric and polymeric proanthocyanidins (PAs). The aim of this study was to investigate the composition of the fraction of flavanols, which is extractable from the grape into the wine.
Methods and Results:  Using HPLC-DAD-MS analysis carried out before and after thioacidolysis of wine-like extracts obtained from skins and seeds, the flavanol composition of 20 samples derived from Cabernet Sauvignon, Carmenere, Marzemino, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Syrah and Teroldego was determined.
Conclusions:  It was confirmed that grape extracts are mainly rich in monomers and small oligomers (mean degree of polymerization <8). Grape seed extracts contained three monomers (catechin, epicatechin and epicatechin gallate) and procyanidin oligomers. Grape skin extracts contained four monomers (catechin, epicatechin, gallocatechin and epigallocatechin), procyanidins and prodelphinidins oligomers. Upper and extension units of PAs were constituted mainly of epicatechin units, with the co-presence of catechin and epicatechin gallate in the seed PAs, and of gallocatechin in the case of skin PAs. The terminal units of the grape PAs were a mixture of five compounds, the same found also as monomers. Catechin gallate, gallocatechin gallate and epigallocatechin gallate, which are found in other flavanol-rich, plant-derived foods and beverages, were not present in grape extracts.
Significance of the Study:  The grape variety determines both the amount and the structure of wine flavanols, leading to differences in the composition, which are likely to play an important role in the nutritional and sensorial properties of the wines.     

Fruit and Vegetable Waste: Bioactive Compounds,Their Extraction,and Possible Utilization

Fruits and vegetables are the most utilized commodities among all horticultural crops. They are consumed raw, minimally processed, as well as processed, due to their nutrients and health‐promoting compounds. With the growing population and changing diet habits, the production and processing of horticultural crops, especially fruits and vegetables, have increased very significantly to fulfill the increasing demands. Significant losses and waste in the fresh and processing industries are becoming a serious nutritional, economical, and environmental problem. For example, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has estimated that losses and waste in fruits and vegetables are the highest among all types of foods, and may reach up to 60%. The processing operations of fruits and vegetables produce significant wastes of by‐products, which constitute about 25% to 30% of a whole commodity group. The waste is composed mainly of seed, skin, rind, and pomace, containing good sources of potentially valuable bioactive compounds, such as carotenoids, polyphenols, dietary fibers, vitamins, enzymes, and oils, among others. These phytochemicals can be utilized in different industries including the food industry, for the development of functional or enriched foods, the health industry for medicines and pharmaceuticals, and the textile industry, among others. The use of waste for the production of various crucial bioactive components is an important step toward sustainable development. This review describes the types and nature of the waste that originates from fruits and vegetables, the bioactive components in the waste, their extraction techniques, and the potential utilization of the obtained bioactive compounds.     

近20年全国烤烟产区种植规模消长变化分析

利用2001至2020年期间全国烤烟生产数据,对全国不同烤烟产区种植规模消长及其地位变化进行了分析,并对产区分类方式和种植规模转移等相关问题进行了比较论证。结果表明,近20年,全国有22个省份每年都种植烤烟,生产规模经历了“三起三落”的较大波动,但总体呈“上升－下降”趋势。全国种植面积从2001年的94.3万hm²开始,逐年振荡上升,至2013年达到141.0万hm²的最高峰,然后连年下滑,到2020年降到了88.7万hm²。按照各省烤烟种植规模大小及其占比的上升或下降变化趋势相似性,将全国各烤烟产区分为4类。与2001年相比,2020年云南、四川和湖南种植面积占比分别增加了12.1、5.4和2.5百分点,而贵州、河南、山东、陕西、黑龙江、重庆、吉林和广东种植面积占比分别减少了5.8、4.9、2.2、1.7、1.5、1.4、0.7和0.7百分点,全国烤烟种植规模消长变化及转移主要在这11个省份之间发生,其他省份的变化及其影响甚小。本文提出的依据面积及其占比变化趋势相似性进行产区分类方法及对不同产区种植规模消长变化分析,可为了解和研究我国烤烟种植规模布局调整和未来发展规划决策提供参考。