Real-time digital simulator for power system analysis

To understand a number of power system phenomena and to predict critical conditions in system operation, such as voltage collapse, a real-time simulator able to model the dynamic behavior of large power systems has been needed for a long time. The need for real-time simulations stems from the fact that in many practical situations it is desirable to test new equipment and analyze the dynamic behavior of a large power system using the actual pieces of equipment. A new digital simulator was developed based on a hypercube-type massively parallel computer to achieve this objective. The new simulator features: (1) real-time simulation of a large power system which covers transient stability through long-term behavior with constant accuracy level; (2) user-friendly man-machine interfaces which mimics an actual operating environment and realtime data presentation on a CRT; and (3) high-speed digital/analog conversion interfaces which connect the digital simulator to actual equipment.     

实时数字仿真器的应用

介绍电力系统实时数字仿真器(RTDS)的软硬件结构及其应用,阐述该仿真器在常规直流输电与特高压直流输电方面及FACTS(灵活交流输电)方面的应用,包括特高压直流实时仿真研究、直流系统成套设计计算校核、换流站二次系统联合功能及性能测试、直流保护定值校验、为运行部门服务以及轻型直流仿真研究等方面的应用。     

Closed-loop testing with the real-time digital power system simulator

Most protection and control equipment is usually tested in the open-loop mode. However, closed-loop testing is often the only cost-effective approach. This paper highlights the areas where closed-loop testing of protective relays and control equipment is preferable. Test setups with a real-time digital simulator for closed-loop testing of protective relays, power system stabilizers, and controllers for controlled closing of individual poles of a shunt capacitor breaker are described.     

Real-time digital simulator for power system analysis on ahypercube computer

A digital simulator based on a hypercube-type massively parallel computer, the NCube2, has been developed. The simulator features: real-time simulation of a large power system which covers transient stability through long-term behavior with constant accuracy level in root mean square values; user-friendly man-machine interfaces which mimic the actual operating environment including interactive setting of several system parameters and real-time data presentation on a CRT; and high-speed A/D (analog to digital) converters, D/A (digital to analog) converters, and D/IO (digital input and digital output) interfaces are used to connect the digital simulator (power system dynamic model) to actual equipment. The authors describe the basic characteristics of the digital simulator and present results obtained in real-time simulations     

Studies on the method of combining an analog simulator and a real‐time digital simulator for power system analysis

An advanced real‐time power system simulator consisting of a conventional real‐time analog simulator and a real‐time digital simulator has been developed. EMTP simulations were carried out to verify the advanced power system simulator concept and to evaluate the effects of various parameters. A prototype of the advanced power system simulator using the Bergeron method was tested. The test results confirmed the feasibility of the real‐time power system simulator. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 136(3): 49–57, 2001     

地区电网实时电能质量数据管理系统

提出了一种基于局域网的地区电网电能质量实时数据管理系统，介绍了该系统的整体结构、各构成部分的功能与特点，以及数据传输和处理方式。该系统集电能质量在线监测和数据管理功能于一体，实现了电网电能质量指标的实时集中管理。     

Development of a digital real‐time simulator for power electronics systems

A digital real‐time simulator for power electronics systems has been developed using MATLAB^TM/SIMULINK^TM. This paper describes the modeling and calculation accuracy of static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) models. Since the simulator operates in a large time step of 50 µs, compensation processing is implemented with the STATCOM model to improve the simulation accuracy. The calculation result of the real‐time STATCOM model is the same as that of non‐real‐time PSCAD^TM/EMTDC^TM. Stable operation of the newly developed simulator was successfully confirmed when connected to a commercial real‐time digital simulator (RTDS^TM). © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 148(4): 41–49, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10321     

远动规约三种传输模式实时性分析及其设计考虑

根据DNP(Distributed Network Protoco1)规约数据链路层类FT3帧及其校验方式，推导出帧传输失败概率(误帧率)与通道误比特率和帧长的关系，同时给出平均传输次数和重复传输次数的计算公式。在此基础上结合运动信息传输实时性的要求，分析运动规约三种传输模式的实时性，并根据传输特点提出了设计考虑和优化方法。在问答式传输模式中，论述了为保证1类数据的实时性主站询问子站的时间间隔的选取方法和选取范围；在循环式传输模式中，讨论了为兼顾信息传输的可靠性和有效性子站采用重复3次传送重要信息的可行性和必要性，并确定了重复传送次数最优值的选取区间；在主动上送式传输模式中，指出了在具体站的配置下传输速率与误比特率选取的约束关系。     

Real time power supply quality measurement and monitoringmultichannel system

This paper describes a multi-channel system for measuring and monitoring electric power supply quality in real-time. The hardware is simple but powerful, because it is based on a PC with an acquisition card, and a development card with a single dedicated DSP (digital signal processor)     

“数字化电网”中的电量计费自动化系统设计

1“数字化电网” 当“数字化电网”这个概念浮出水面的时候,中国电网的发展目标从此迈上了一个全新的而又极富挑战的台阶。“数字化电网”不仅仅是一个概念,它是一场革命．电网未来的发展将在这场革命后跨入一个新时代。到那时,整个电网运行无需人来控制,所有设备的运行参数以及购、售电信息都将由计算机网络采集、汇总至中央计算机,所有的操作只需在中央计算机上就可以完成．而且所有的购、售电信启、的发送、反馈都将由中央电脑自动完成（见图1）。到那时,整个电网非常坚强、稳定,供电可靠性将大大提高。     

Real-time digital simulator with digital/analog conversioninterface for testing power instruments

The need for real-time simulation stems from the fact that in many practical situations it is desirable to analyze the dynamic behavior of a large power system with advanced equipment that has complex and high-speed performance. Analog simulators are effective, however they impose serious limitations on the size of the system that is being modeled. The authors have studied and developed a real-time digital simulator using a hypercube computer, and realized real-time performance available for the analysis of large power systems. As the second step of the study, they developed a digital/analog conversion interface for testing actual power instruments. The interface exchanges the variables of fundamental frequency domain in the real-time digital simulator, and the variables of exact time domain in the analog equipment connected to the simulator. In this paper, the authors describe the detail of the digital/analog conversion interface of the real-time digital simulator for testing advanced power instruments. Its conversion algorithm, system configuration of the simulator with the interface, and experimental results are also presented     

河北南网实时动态监测系统的建设

结合河北南网实时动态监测系统的建设,论述了该系统的结构、主要功能和特点,以及确保其相关技术性能的重要性。     

电网谐波的实时测量

本对电网谐波的实时测量进行了探讨，并分析了影响电网谐波测量的因素和实现实时测量的方法。在伟福仿真系统下，对实时测量算法进行了仿真测试。     

A versatile cluster-based real-time digital simulator for power engineering research

This paper presents the development of a unique parallel and distributed real-time digital simulator for power engineering research at the University of Alberta. The simulator is built entirely from commodity-off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware and software components, making it very flexible and scalable. In parallel multi-tasking operations, a combination of real-time Linux operating system and an ultra-fast network forms the backbone for the internal communication between the 16 powerful processors of the Xeon-Cluster. Field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based multi-channel digital and analog I/O ports are interfaced to communicate with the external hardware components. The model development software utilized for power applications is based on the highly customizable industry-standard MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. A detailed case study of the real-time simulation of a three-level 12-pulse vector-controlled ac drive is presented to illustrate the precision capabilities of the simulator. Multiple integration algorithms and multirate computation have been applied for the simulation of the system, with slow (machine) and fast (converter) dynamic components. Real-time simulation of the entire system has been achieved with a maximum computation time of 5.35 /spl mu/s on a step-size of 10 /spl mu/s for the first time. Results obtained from the real-time simulation have been validated with an offline simulation using PSCAD/EMTDC.     

Development of advanced power system analog simulator

The digital simulation method has been utilized to analyze phenomena in power systems. Since different algorithms can be applied, depending on the phenomena to be analyzed, digital simulation allows for high-precision analysis. However, it also has a disadvantage: it produces continuous phenomena which occur in actual systems only fragmentarily. Thus, when discussing important projects at research centers such as IREQ in Canada, an analog simulator issued to continuously analyze the phenomena from the moment the fault occurs until steady state. These analog simulators, however, consist of only a few generator models. They are only effective for analyzing phenomena in small-scale systems and do not allow for analysis of phenomena in large-scale systems over a long period of time. For this reason, the Kansai Electric Power Company (KEPCO) in cooperation with Hitachi, Ltd., and Fuji Electric Co., Ltd., has developed the world's largest power system simulator (APSA: Advanced Power System Analyzer). The simulator will be used to analyze the evolution of accidents in actual systems and to analyze continuous system phenomena over a long period. This paper describes an outline of the simulator.     

同相供电补偿电流实时检测方法

平均功率法同相供电补偿电流检测,需要积分一个周期才能得出检测结果,存在实时性差的缺点,且受电网电压畸变影响。提出了两种补偿电流检测方法:有延时的两相构造和无延时的两相虚拟。通过理论分析和仿真结果证明,两种方法都能达到对同相供电系统补偿电流的实时检测,平衡三相,消除三相谐波及无功电流。后者算法简单,动态跟踪速度快,检测精度高。     

同相供电补偿电流实时检测方法

平均功率法同相供电补偿电流检测,需要积分一个周期才能得出检测结果,存在实时性差的缺点,且受电网电压畸变影响.提出了两种补偿电流检测方法:有延时的两相构造和无延时的两相虚拟.通过理论分析和仿真结果证明,两种方法都能达到对同相供电系统补偿电流的实时检测,平衡三相,消除三相谐波及无功电流.后者算法简单,动态跟踪速度快,检测精度高.     

A digital simulator for determining the performance limits ofcomputer relays

Unlike most other digital simulators that generate test waveforms for specific system configurations, playback previously recorded fault waveforms, or randomly generate artificial waveforms, the digital simulator presented in this paper generates the worst case waveforms for specified bounds on noise components present in the relay input signals. As a result, the performance limits of a computer relay can be determined, for specified bounds on its noise components, by performing a single test only. The parameters that define the worst case waveforms; are obtained by utilizing a modified univariate search algorithm. The PC-based simulator was implemented using a general-purpose multifunction card and a graphical programming package called Visual Designer. It did not require any text-based programming for tasks such as interfacing, digital-to-analog conversion, and outputting the discrete analog values of the generated waveform under hardware control. For demonstrating the operation of the digital simulator, a computer relay was also developed in the laboratory and its performance limits were determined     

电力系统仿真仪不确定度评定方法

从继电保护的角度出发 ,以电力系统仿真仪为例 ,提出几种确定误差分量不确定度的方法 ,根据合成的标准差按正态分布计算总的不确定度。     

电力系统仿真仪不确定度评定方法

从继电保护的角度出发,以电力系统仿真仪为例,提出几种确定误差分量不确定度的方法,根据合成的标准差按正态分布计算总的不确定度.