钢液中夹杂物行为数学模型的现状和展望

论述了夹杂物行为数学模型的研究现状,分析了钢中夹杂物的基本数学模型、多模式数学模型和多过程数学模型优点和不足,并提出了未来的发展趋势和需解决的夹杂物研究中的关键问题。     

增氮析氮法生成气泡去除钢液中显微非金属夹杂物

为了进一步完善增氮析氮法生成气泡去除钢液中显微非金属夹杂物技术,研究了真空处理时间、充氮压力、气体类型等因素对钢中全氧和显微非金属夹杂物的影响.结果表明:减压处理过程中,钢液中非金属夹杂物可为过饱和气体氮气形成气泡提供非均相形核核心;增氮析氮法可有效地降低钢中全氧,去除钢中显微非金属夹杂物;真空处理时间越长,钢中全氧和显微非金属夹杂物数量越低,当真空处理时间为30 min时钢中全氧去除率达到了81.6%,而且全氧质量分数最低达到7×10^-6.     

奥氏体不锈钢中Al2O3夹杂物的控制

对某厂奥氏体不锈钢生产过程进行了取样调研,通过采用非水溶液电解提取的方法揭示了整个过程夹杂物的三维形貌变化。发现硅铁合金中的铝含量较高,造成整个过程钢液中[Al]s含量上升,引起夹杂物中的Al_2O_3含量连续上升,从而导致夹杂物偏离低熔点区。提出使用低铝硅铁或钙处理工艺都可有效控制奥氏体不锈钢中高Al_2O_3夹杂物的生成。     

钢液中气泡和夹杂物的去除

熔池中钢液的流动、气泡以及夹杂物的大小都影响着钢液中夹杂物的去除率.研究表明,向上流动的钢液有利于夹杂物的上浮,几乎所有的夹杂物都能在钢液上升流中上浮.向下流动的钢液对夹杂物和气泡的上浮有阻碍作用,当气泡的直径小于1mm时其在钢液中将无法上浮.在钢包精炼吹氩过程中,应使用较小的吹氩量,一方面避免产生过大的气泡而降低底吹气体的利用效率,另一方面减小熔池内的钢液流速,促进气泡和夹杂物的上浮.但吹氩量也不宜过小,必须使气泡保持一定的尺寸来保证其充分上浮.在钢包精炼过程中选择吹氩量时,应综合考虑钢液流速和气泡大小的影响.     

RH去除Al2O3夹杂物的数值模拟及工艺分析

 RH已经成为炉外精炼的重要组成部分,以180 t RH设备参数为基础建立三维模型,通过工艺试验和数值模拟的方法分析夹杂物分布及去除情况。试验结果表明,RH净循环时间为300 s夹杂物去除效率最高,但是夹杂物去除净循环时间不超过850 s。数值模拟比较夹杂物直径60、40、20 μm去除行为影响因素情况,通过数值模拟与金相试验的方法相比较,两者质量分数相差15.8%,因此说明数值模拟的方法可以应用到RH炉外精炼工艺过程中指导生产实践的预测。     

RH精炼过程Al2O3夹杂物运动和去除的数值模拟

在流场模拟计算的基础上,建立了RH真空精炼过程Al2O3夹杂物运动及去除模型.通过数学模拟计算,分析了RH精炼过程夹杂物运动规律,讨论了夹杂物尺寸、RH吹气量等对夹杂物去除的影响.研究结果表明:同一管径条件下,吹气量为1 400 L/min时,夹杂物的总去除率最高为66.1％且最快去除时间为202 s,是去除夹杂物的最优吹气量;同一吹气量条件下,下降管内径为700 mm时,夹杂物的去除率最高,可达71.31％,夹杂物去除时间最短,为217s.     

IF钢中Al2O3-TiN复合夹杂生成机理研究

通过形核理论解释了IF钢中Al2O3-Ti N的形成机理。RH中加TiFe合金化后由于局部wTi.wN浓度积有很大的过饱和度,满足异质形核条件,Ti N会以钢液中Al2O3为核心生成Al2O3-Ti N复合夹杂,但此时的Ti N并不稳定会随着钢液中wTi浓度的均匀而发生分解,在凝固过程中由于温度的降低和wTi的偏析会在凝固前沿Ti N再次析出。     

Mathematical Model for Growth and Removal of Inclusions in Molten Steel under Gas‐stirring Conditions

A three‐dimensional mathematical model has been developed to predict growth and removal of inclusions during gas stirring through eccentric tuyeres in a ladle. In the model, the efficiency of inclusion removal is investigated under three different collision mechanisms: Brownian, turbulent and Stokes collision. The Importance of the three approaches of wall adhesion, Stokes flotation and bubble adhesion on inclusion removal is analysed and the efficiency of inclusion removal through three types of tuyeres in central, eccentric and multi‐tuyere form is studied. The results indicate that inclusion growth resulting from turbulent collision is most important and the effect of Stokes collision is remarkable with increased inclusion size, while inclusion growth resulting from Brownian collision is negligible. Removal by Stokes flotation is the main mechanism for large inclusions, while inclusion removal by wall adhesion is negligible. The smaller the bubbles are, the higher the efficiency of inclusion removal is. The type of tuyere arrangement has a great effect on inclusion removal. Inclusion removal in a 135t ladle with one eccentric tuyere is more efficient than in a ladle with central tuyere or multi‐tuyere design.     

Inclusion Growth and Removal in Gas‐Stirred Ladles

A static modelling approach was used to study the growth and removal of inclusions during gas stirring in a ladle. A mathematical model of a gas‐stirred ladle was used to predict the data necessary to calculate growth and removal of inclusions. Results indicated that inclusion growth resulting from laminar shear collisions is negligible in comparison with growth from turbulent and Stokes collisions. Furthermore, the need for a model describing inclusion flotation by spherical‐cap bubbles was identified. Since the existing models presented in the literature are only valid for spherical bubbles, a model for the removal of inclusions by spherical‐cap bubbles was developed. Inclusion removal to the slag, refractory and by bubble flotation was compared. The mechanism determined to be responsible for the removal of the majority of inclusions larger than 25 μm was Stokes flotation and for the majority of the smaller inclusions, bubble flotation by spherical‐cap bubbles (assuming plane contact between the inclusion and the bubble).     

钢液中非金属夹杂物碰撞、长大的研究进展

 随着对钢质量要求的不断提高,对钢液中非金属夹杂物去除也提出了更高的要求。碰撞、长大是去除钢液中小粒径夹杂物的有效方法。针对钢液中非金属夹杂物碰撞、长大的最新研究,分析了不同碰撞机制下,非金属夹杂物的碰撞、长大情况,探讨了钢液中非金属夹杂物碰撞团聚的机制。数值模拟是研究钢液中非金属夹杂物碰撞、长大的一个重要方向。结合相关研究的最新进展,展望了今后的发展趋势。     

电解法测定钢中Al2O3夹杂的不确定度评定

对电解提取-化学分析法测定钢中Al2O3的不确定度产生的原因作了较为细致的分析,并对Al2O3夹杂测定结果的不确定度做出评定.     

Numerical Modeling of Inclusion Removal in Electromagnetic Stirred Steel Billets

To investigate the inclusion removal in billets cast under electromagnetic stirring (EMS) influence, a numerical model has been developed to compute the magnetic field, the Lorentz force, the steel flow velocities, and the particle transport within the liquid pool. The electromagnetic field was described by the Maxwell equations and the finite element method was applied using a commercial package. The turbulent fluid flow was described by the Navier‐Stokes equation and by the Reynolds Stress model and the finite volume method was applied using another numerical package. The time average of the Lorentz force was calculated in each element center and this value was applied as a body force in the Navier‐Stokes equation. The magnetic flux density profile was compared with the data obtained in the stirrer of the steel plant. The particle transport model includes the drag force, the buoyancy force and the random walk model, to include the turbulence effects on the particle trajectory. The inclusion removal was calculated and analysed in function of casting speed and stirring current for one size section of mold. The inclusions considered in the calculations have a fixed density and four values of diameter. The numerical results of the electromagnetic model are in agreement with the experimental measurements. A good relationship between the electromagnetic model and the fluid flow model could be shown. An interesting effect is the break of the rotation motion due to the EMS by the jet from the nozzle. The fraction of inclusions removed by the top surface of the mold was improved due to the EMS.     

CaF_2-MgF_2对钢中Al_2O_3夹杂物去除作用的研究

采用不同量的CaF_2、MgF_2、Na_3AlF6以及CaF_2与MgF_2的混合物对钢液中Al_2O_3夹杂物进行改性处理。结果表明:经过改性处理后的钢中全氧含量都有明显的降低,但其添加量需要在一个合适的范围,其中添加1.0%的CaF_2与MgF_2的混合改性剂的效果最好。另外经过改性剂处理后的钢中夹杂物呈现出MnS包裹Al_2O_3的复合分层形态,更加有利于夹杂物的上浮去除,而且MnS为塑性夹杂物,可降低残留在钢中Al_2O_3夹杂物对钢的危害。     

Al2O3夹杂物在钢-渣界面处的运动特性及去除率

通过理论计算和分析,研究了夹杂物颗粒在钢-渣界面处夹杂物去除层内的运动特性及去除率。结果表明:在夹杂物去除层内,Al2O3夹杂物颗粒的布朗扩散上浮临界尺寸为1.33μm,直径小于临界尺寸的夹杂物颗粒很难上浮去除;布朗碰撞的优势区域主要是直径为2.5μm以下的夹杂物颗粒之间以及直径为2.5～5μm夹杂物颗粒与0.5μm以下的微小颗粒之间的碰撞;直径为20～150μm的夹杂物颗粒在钢-渣界面去除层中9min内很容易完全上浮去除,而直径小于10μm的夹杂物颗粒去除率很低且升高缓慢,是提高钢液洁净度的主要控制对象。     

帘线钢中CaO-SiO2-Al2O3类夹杂物成分的控制

对帘线钢中CaO-SiO2-Al2O3类夹杂物CaO与SiO2的比值和Al2O3含量进行了研究,并且通过热力学计算对CaO-SiO2-Al2O3系塑性夹杂物的生成条件进行了讨论。结果表明：生产帘线钢时,为了得到塑性良好的夹杂物,钢液的氧活度应控制在0．0056～0．0113,而酸溶铝含量应控制在0．00010％～0．00025％范围内。