超滤膜技术在南方某水厂中的应用

介绍了混凝-沉淀-超滤-消毒组合工艺在南方某水厂的应用情况,从原水水质、工艺选择、产水水质、制水成本等方面讨论了超滤膜工艺的优缺点。运行结果表明,超滤膜系统在进水浊度低于5 NTU,余氯质量浓度低于0.6 mg/L,p H值为7.2~8.0时,其出水浊度低于0.1 NTU,细菌去除率高于99.99%,其它指标均不高于进水相应指标,出水水质满足GB 5749—2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》的要求。     

截留分子质量和材质对浸没式超滤膜过滤性能的影响

针对截留分子质量和材质对浸没式超滤膜处理微污染地表水过滤性能的影响问题,研究了两者对膜去除水中颗粒物和有机污染物的特性及其对膜污染的影响。结果表明,随着膜截留分子质量的减小,超滤膜对浊度和各有机物指标的去除率逐渐升高,但超滤膜对溶解性有机物的去除率较低;不同材质的超滤膜对有机物的去除率存在差异。不同截留分子质量和材质的超滤膜过滤原水时的污染程度不同,截留分子质量较小的超滤膜污染程度较轻,但容易引起不可逆膜污染;聚砜(PS)膜抗污染的能力要强于聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)和聚氯乙烯(PVC)膜,在实际应用中应根据不同水质特点合理选择超滤膜的截留分子质量和材质。     

原水切换引起的水厂污泥处理系统运行变化分析

在实际生产中,由于水厂进水从黄浦江原水切换为金泽水库原水,闵行水厂污泥处理系统的运行效果受到多方面的影响。文中阐述了闵行水厂污泥处理系统的运行工艺,对比了原水切换前后的生产运行效果,进而分析了影响岗行水厂污泥处理系统的影响因素,并通过生产试验探索解决方法,最后归纳了对自来水厂污泥处理系统的优化运行建议。     

超滤膜技术概述

当今社会,超滤作为一种新型膜分离技术,应用的领域十分广泛,而且也获得了良好的效果。本文首先介绍了超滤技术的原理、四大有机高分子膜材料和相转化制膜中常用的浸没沉淀法和溶剂蒸发法,然后简述了超滤膜的优点、四大领域的应用、三大污染物质及防治措施,并把超滤膜技术多年后的研究方向和未来前景总结出来。指出超滤膜具有在水处理净化、食品提纯和中药分离等方面的诸多优势,接下来在广泛总结颗粒物、有机物和微生物污染的基础上,通过针对性的污染类别,遴选出高效的处理措施,并且能够显著提升超滤膜的抗菌抗污染性能,从而为超滤膜发展和实践运用提供可能。文中提出：今后研究的重点将是制备高性能、低成本、绿色化的超滤膜,并与其他膜分离技术协同作用于生产生活。     

红雁池水厂扩建工程处理工艺选择与设计

通过对乌鲁木齐红雁池水厂原水水质和工艺现状分析,确定水厂扩建工程的目标。通过对处理单体和总体工艺的多方案比较,确定采用中置式高密度沉淀池和超滤膜工艺的推荐处理工艺,并进行相应的工艺设计。     

生活和工业水厂排泥水回收

水厂排泥水、反洗水含有大量来自原水的污染物。排泥水直接排放,会对地表水体造成污染。随着经济的发展和人们环保意识的提高,我国自来水厂排泥水处理已经提上议事日程。我公司在卧里屯地区共有两套生活水厂,排水量约90吨／小时,一套工业水厂,排水量10吨／小时。     

水处理中超滤膜污染成因及其控制方法研究

超滤膜污染是限制超滤膜在水处理得到应用的重要因素，它直接导致超滤工艺的运行维护费用增加，膜使用寿命大幅度缩短等。本文首先总结了超滤膜污染的原因、膜污染类型及主要影响因素，综述了膜前预处理技术、膜清洗技术、改性膜应用等目前控制膜污染的主要方法以及超滤与其它工艺组合控制膜污染新方法，最后指出了超滤膜污染防治未来的发展趋势。     

强化混凝对超滤处理碎煤加压气化废水生化出水试验研究

研究了碎煤加压气化废水生化出水经不同药剂的强化混凝预处理后出水的超滤膜通量变化规律。结果表明,初始膜通量随着混凝药剂投加量的增大而增大,在PFC投加量为150 mg/L时,初始膜通量为纯水通量的80.4%,原水未经混凝预处理时初始通量仅为纯水通量62.5%,经过长期运行,强化混凝后水样超滤通量衰减趋势减缓。不同预处理条件下受污染的超滤膜经简单碱洗(NaOH,浓度10 mmol/L)-酸洗(HCl,浓度10 mmol/L)浸泡后,通量恢复效果不同,处理原水、PFC(150 mg/L)、PAC(150 mg/L)的超滤膜初始通量恢复率分别为79.4%、84.1%、85.1%。     

饮用水中邻苯二甲酸酯的调查及去除研究

采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱法调查了淮南市某自来水厂原水、各处理工艺单元出水中4种邻苯二甲酸酯(DMP、DEP、DBP、BBP)。结果表明,4种邻苯二甲酸酯在原水中均检出,质量浓度为0.010～0.142μg/L;DMP和DEP仅在部分水样中检出,在管网水中没有检出;DBP和BBP在各水样中均检出,质量浓度分别为1.702～2.897μg/L、0.248～0.676μg/L,说明现行常规净水处理工艺不能完全去除邻苯二甲酸酯,需要进行深度处理。研究采用臭氧氧化技术、活性炭吸附技术和臭氧-活性炭技术对该水厂原水中的2种邻苯二甲酸酯(DBP、BBP)去除情况进行验证。结果表明,臭氧氧化技术不能完全去除原水中的DBP和BBP,去除率为61%～65%;活性炭吸附技术能够完全去除原水中的DBP和BBP;臭氧-活性炭技术对原水中的DBP和BBP去除率达到100%。该技术可以作为水厂深度处理工艺去除DBP和BBP的主要单元。     

两种材质超滤膜在饮用水处理中的比较研究

采用PVC合金和PVDF 2种材质的浸没式超滤膜对南方某水厂受污染的水源进行中试试验,对比2种膜材质在净水处理中的应用性能。结果表明,浸没式超滤膜工艺对浊度、细菌总数和有机物具有较好的去除效果:出水浊度稳定在0.1 NTU以下,高锰酸盐指数低于3 mg/L,细菌总数和大肠菌群数均达到GB 5749—2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》的要求。在净水效能对比分析中,2种材质的超滤膜性能表现基本相当。试验同时对比了2种超滤膜的膜污染及能耗情况,PVDF超滤膜在抗污染性能及吨水能耗上要优于PVC合金超滤膜。     

pH adjustment for seasonal control of UF fouling by natural waters

Natural surface waters in Algarve, Portugal, have important seasonal variations in natural organic matter (NOM) content, that influences ultrafiltration (UF) performance. This paper addresses the evaluation of the pH adjustment for seasonal control of UF fouling at a laboratory scale, using a plate and frame polysulphone membrane of 47 kDa MWCO. Results of two types of natural water (clear water, 3-5 NTU, and turbid water, 33-34.6 NTU) and three different water pH values (acid, neutral and basic) demonstrated that the pH adjustment could be used for seasonal control of UF fouling: when the water has less NOM (in dry periods, clear water), the acid pH will improve the UF performance, while during and after intense rainfall periods (turbid water with high NOM concentration) basic pH will be advantageous, because it minimizes membrane fouling. This behaviour is explained for clear water in terms of charge effects on membrane size. For turbid water, the electrostatic repulsion between membrane surface and NOM and turbidity particles is reduced at pH 4.13 and protonation of the NOM functional groups decreases the hydrodynamic radii of humic substances while increasing their hydrophobicity and their tendency to adsorb. Therefore, a dense fouling layer develops and flux is lower at pH 4.13 than at pH 8.33. These results together with the observed raw water feed concentrations decline and rejection decrease with WRR confirm the extensive adsorption on the membrane enhanced by the moderate hardness cation of this water.     

集成膜技术深度回用处理精对苯二甲酸废水研究

近两年来,膜法回用石化废水备受重视,利用集成膜技术对炼油和乙烯化工废水进行深度回用处理,目前已有相对成熟的经验,但集成膜技术用于精细化工产品精对苯二甲酸废水回用处理的研究尚少。在试验基本工况为超滤系统采用全量过滤方式,运行周期30min,内压式超滤运行通量不大于75L/(m2.h),超滤系统前加入絮凝剂PAC(投加量为5mg/L),低污染反渗透膜运行通量不大于19L/(m2.h),试验中系统回收率为70%,反渗透进水的COD含量小于40mg/L的条件下,精对苯二甲酸达标废水深度回用处理稳定运行,产水水质稳定可靠。     

混凝耦合多孔陶瓷膜净化河水简

Membrane filtration technology combined with coagulation is widely used to purify river water. In this study, micro filtration （MF） and ultrafiltration （UF） ceramic membranes were combined with coagulation to treat local river water located at Xinghua, Jiangsu province, China. The operation parameters, fouling mechanism and pilot-scale tests were investigated. The results show that the pore size of membrane has small effect on the pseudo-steady flux for dead-end filtration, and the increase of flux in MF process is more than that in UF process for cross-flow filtration with the same increase of cross-flow velocity. The membrane pore size has little influence on the water quality. The analysis on membrane fouling mechanism shows that the cake filtrationhas significant in fluence on the pseudo-steady flux and water quality for the membrane with pore size of 50, 200 and 500 nm. For the membrane with pore size of 200 nm and backwashing employed in our pilot study, a constant flux of 150 L-m^-2-h^-1 was reached during stable operation, with the removal efficiency of turbidity, total organic carbon （TOC） and UV254 higher than 99%, 45% and 48%, respectively. The study demonstrates that coagulation-porous ceramic membrane hybrid process is a reliable method for river water purification.     

利用连续式膜气液接触器制备纳米CaCO3:粒子形貌和膜污染（英文）

Nanosized calcium carbonate particles were prepared with a continuous gas-liquid membrane contactor. The effects of Ca(OH)2 concentration, CO2 pressure and liquid flow velocity on the particles morphology, pressure drop and membrane fouling were studied. With rising Ca(OH)2 concentrations, the average size of the particles increased. The effects of Ca(OH)2 concentration and CO2 pressure on particles were not apparent under the experimental conditions. When the Ca(OH)2 concentration and liquid flow velocity were high, or the CO2 pressure was low, the fouling on the membrane external surface at the contactor entrance was serious due to liquid leakage, whereas the fouling was slight at exit. The fouling on the membrane inner-surface at entrance was apparent due to adsorption of raw materials. The membrane can be recovered by washing with dilute hydrochloric acid and reused for at least 6 times without performance deterioration.     

Membrane processes for water reuse from the effluent of industrial park wastewater treatment plant: a study on flux and fouling of membrane

Both the relationship between the flux and the fouling mechanism of ultrafiltration (UF) membrane and the effects of pretreatment before reverse osmosis (RO) process on the treatment of the effluent of industrial park wastewater treatment plant (IPWTP) were investigated to examine the application of membrane processes on the water reuse treatment. For the former, the flux data was first fitted to the Hermia model to give the implication of the fouling mechanism. Then, the fouling mechanism was further identified with the aid of the SEM morphology of membrane surfaces. For the latter, the changes of both water characteristics (turbidity, TOC, conductivity, particle size distribution, and organic solute molecular weight) and membrane properties (surface zeta potential and surface morphology) before and after the treatment of membrane processes were measured. It was found that the major blocking mechanisms of UF membrane process at initial and final stage were standard blocking of pore (causing from colloid materials) and cake blocking of pore (causing from suspended particles), respectively. On the other hand, it was concluded that the permeate from 1 μm/UF/RO process was suitable for the reuse of cooling water and low pressure boiler water.     

BPAC-UF组合工艺对微污染原水处理效果及膜污染控制

采用生物粉末活性炭-超滤(BPAC-UF)分体式工艺的中试装置,探究该工艺对西氿微污染原水的处理效果,在此基础上对比研究聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)和聚氯乙烯(PVC)两种材质超滤膜的膜污染情况。PVDF膜和PVC膜两种不同材质的膜组合工艺对浊度去除率均超过95%,超滤膜可保证出水浊度要求。PVDF膜对尺寸不超过2μm的颗粒物去除效果要略优于PVC膜。初期PAC未转化为BPAC时,工艺对氨氮和CODMn的去除主要靠活性炭吸附。当PAC转化为BPAC,BPAC-UF对氨氮的去除主要是通过生物作用,后期去除率稳定在80%以上,BPAC-UF对CODMn去除率不高,稳定在25%左右。在膜污染控制方面,PVDF膜和PVC膜的跨膜压差增长趋势相似,但PVC膜的跨膜压差增速要略高于PVDF膜。经过强化物理反冲洗和化学反冲洗后,PVDF膜和PVC膜的产水性能均能恢复至较优状态,且PVDF膜恢复程度略优于PVC膜。     

水处理工业中超滤膜应用的问题探讨

简单介绍了超滤膜和超滤过程,总结了在水处理工业上的应用。比较了各种膜材料的性能,并着重论述了水处理工业应用中应注意和考虑的问题:超滤膜的选择、超滤操作条件的选择、超滤膜的浓差极化和污染与处理对策。     

碟管式纳滤膜在生活用水处理中的膜污染特性

采用碟管式纳滤膜对生活用水进行深度处理,研究了不同操作条件对元件分离性能及产水水质的影响,得到最佳运行条件为运行压力1MPa、进水温度为25℃以上、最小浓水流量300L/h。对原水水质进行分析,有效预测了污染物成分及膜污染情况,提出了预处理系统的设计及清洗方案。运用扫描电镜、EDS能谱、红外光谱及三维荧光光谱分析出,从进水端至出水端膜污染逐渐加剧,污染物成分主要以有机污染为主,并且含有难溶盐析出结晶的无机污垢及一定程度的生物污染。对碟管式纳滤膜在生活用水处理中膜污染特性的研究,分析污染成因为难溶盐随浓度增加在膜表面析出形成无机结垢,大量有机物在膜表面吸附形成有机污泥层,而水中微生物或细菌等在膜表面滋生造成生物污染,污染形成顺序为有机污染率先在膜表面形成,随后形成无机污垢,并且会发生相互作用,其结果导致膜通量下降、产水水质变差。本研究借助中试试验探究了碟管式纳滤膜元件的污染特性,为这种新型膜元件在实际生产中如何高效使用及有效控制纳滤膜污染提供依据。     

Fouling of Thin-Channel and Tubular Membrane Modules by Dilute Suspensions

Abstract

In this paper, fouling of thin-channel and tubular ultrafiltration (UF) membrane modules by dilute suspensions have been studied theoretically. A hydrodynamic analysis of fluid-particle system is presented to describe the role of dilute suspensions in fouling such membrane modules. The present analysis assumes that for very dilute suspensions, only inertial effects-are-important for particulate fouling. Particle trajectory history and hence the fouling is computed from equations of motion for the particles, where the fluid-flow is given by the full solution of Navier-Stokes equation. To simulate the flux decline due to build up of foulant layer on the membrane walls, it is assumed that the deposition of particles on the membrane surface at discrete time interval is a steady state event and thus formulating the fouling problem as an infinite series of successive steady state events. Present simulation results indicate that inertial effects are important and under positive wall permeation flux conditions, particles are encouraged to migrate towards the membrane wall causing so-called ‘membrane fouling’ by the particulars.