生物态补铁剂—血红素铁的研究进展

血红素铁是一种生物态铁,可以直接被肠黏膜细胞吸收,不产生任何消化道刺激症状,生物利用率高,是理想的补铁剂。本文综述了血红素铁的结构与性质、功能、提取、测定方法和在食品工业中的应用情况。     

生物态补铁剂-血红素铁研究进展

血红素铁是一种生物态铁,可直接被肠粘膜细胞吸收,不产生任何消化道刺激症状,生物利用率高,是理想补铁剂。该文综述血红素铁结构与性质、功能、提取、测定方法和在食品工业中应用情况。     

血红素铁生物特性及其在工业中的应用研究

血红素铁作为生物态铁,可以直接被肠粘膜吸收而具有吸收率高、副作用较低和不刺激消化道等特点,是非常理想的补血剂,极具开发价值。本文就动物血液中血红素铁的生物特性及其在食品等工业中的应用现状进行了研究。     

生物态补铁剂-血红素铁的研究进展

血红素铁是一种生物态铁,可以直接被肠黏膜细胞吸收,不产生任何消化道刺激症状,生物利用率高,是理想的补铁剂.本文综述了血红素铁的结构与性质、功能、提取、测定方法和在食品工业中的应用情况.     

血红素铁的制备及应用研究进展

血红素铁是与血红蛋白或肌红蛋白结合的铁,能以卟啉铁的方式直接被肠黏膜上皮细胞吸收,不受植酸根等抑制因素影响,且生物利用率高,不会产生任何消化道不适症状,是理想的生态补铁剂,被广泛用于食品保健品领域。此外,血红素铁还被作为抗癌药、功能性材料应用于医药、化工等行业。本文就血红素铁的制备纯化及功能、应用等方面做相关阐述。     

三种铁营养素添加剂的生物利用率研究

本文叙的目的研究氯化血红素以及乳化铁的抗贫血作用及铁的生物利用率。方法：首先用低铁基础饲料复制大鼠贫血模型，然后用血红素、乳化铁进行血红蛋白恢复试验。随机分成四组：纯净水阴性对照组(A)、氯化血红素组(B)、乳化铁组(C)、硫酸亚铁阳性对照组(D)。各组均喂饲低铁饲料。结果：经过18d的恢复试验，氯化血红素的相对生物利用率较高为136％，乳化铁为123％。结论：氯化血红素、乳化铁可作为防治婴幼儿缺铁性贫血的补充铁源。     

动物血液血红素铁提取方法研究

我国作为农业大国,肉类年产量高达五千万余t,约占世界肉类产量的25%.传统生产中除将血液用作饲料生产外,大部分被丢弃而资源浪费.血红素铁作为一种生物补血剂,具有吸收率高、副作用较低,易吸收和不刺激消化道等特点,极具开发价值.本文就动物血液中血红素铁的特性、应用和提取方法进行了比较和综述.     

动物血液血红素铁提取方法研究

我国作为农业大国,肉类年产量高达五千万余t,约占世界肉类产量的25%。传统生产中除将血液用作饲料生产外,大部分被丢弃而资源浪费。血红素铁作为一种生物补血剂,具有吸收率高、副作用较低,易吸收和不刺激消化道等特点,极具开发价值。本文就动物血液中血红素铁的特性、应用和提取方法进行了比较和综述。      

天然补铁剂-血红素铁的研究进展

缺铁性贫血是我国人群普遍存在的营养性疾病之一，虽然传统的补铁剂在日常生活中起到一定的治疗效果，但其副作用大、吸收率低，而血红素铁是一种生物态铁，可以直接被肠粘膜细胞吸收，生物利用率高，在国外已作为食品营养强化剂广为使用，本文就血红素铁的特性及研究进展作以综述。     

猪肌肉中铁含量的测定及加热和盐类对其含量的影响

本研究主要对猪背最长肌中的总铁量、血红素铁和非血红素铁含量进行了测定,并对加热及盐类对其影响进行了研究.结果表明,猪背最长肌中总铁量为11.59μg/g,非血红素铁和血红素铁含量分别为3.25g/g和8.34μg/g.将肉样在85℃下分别加热30分、60分和120分,肉中的非血红素铁含量分别增加7.69%、22.46%和52.62%.非血红素铁含量的增加可能是由于血红素中的叶啉环的氧化断裂释放出亚铁所致,且这一作用与加热时间几乎呈线性关系.比外,添加亚硝酸钠对加热过程中非血红素铁的释放具有轻微的抑制作用,但效果不显著;加热过程中添加氯化钠对肉中非血红素铁含量的变化没有影响.这两种盐都是肉品加工中常用的辅料.本研究可为由于加热导致的肉中可利用铁的变化及营养效果的评定提供一定的理论依据.     

缺铁性贫血与补铁剂研究概况

缺铁性贫血是世界范围内最普遍的营养素缺乏症之一,严重影响着人们的身体健康。铁摄入不足和过大消耗是造成缺铁性贫血的常见原因。因此,摄入足量的铁是预防和治疗缺铁性贫血的有效办法。科学工作者们一直致力于安全、有效的补铁剂的研究。目前补铁剂主要包括:以硫酸亚铁为代表的第一代补铁剂,以乳酸亚铁为代表的第二代补铁剂和近些年兴起的以大分子螯合铁为代表的第三代补铁剂。第三代补铁剂较第一、二代不仅具有吸收利用度好、副作用少、性质稳定等优点,而且其中大分子螯合剂还具有抗氧化、抑菌、免疫调节等生物活性,因而越来越受到人们的青睐,也成为了科研工作者的重点研究对象。本文围绕缺铁性贫血与人类健康、补铁剂研究历史、多糖铁复合物、多肽铁复合物以及富铁酵母等新型补铁剂的研究现状进行综述。     

铁蛋白铁氧化沉淀机理研究进展

铁素的缺乏严重影响着全球近一半人的健康,传统的补铁制剂由于会时人体产生副作用逐渐被禁止使用,因此,寻找安全、高效的补铁制剂势在必行.铁蛋白是广泛存在于生物体中的一种铁贮藏蛋白,它具有去除铁的毒性以及调节铁代谢平衡的双重功能.研究表明,铁蛋白具有良好的补铁活性,所以它可以作为加工原料被开发成补铁型功能食品,为此,对铁蛋白理化性质及其生物学功能的阐明就显得颇为重要.目前,有关铁蛋白的基础研究主要集中于铁蛋白的铁氧化沉淀和还原释放机理的研究,相对于后者而言,铁蛋白铁氧化沉淀机理的研究比较清楚.本文综述了国内外有关铁蛋白铁氧化沉淀机理的研究进展,以期为以后新型补铁功能食品的开发提供理论依据.     

铁蛋白铁释放机理的研究进展

铁蛋白是一种广泛存在于生命体中的铁贮藏蛋白,具有调节机体铁代谢平衡和去除二价铁毒性的双重功能。缺铁严重影响着全球近一半人的健康,研究表明,铁蛋白具有良好的补铁活性而且安全、高效,能够取代具有毒副作用的传统补铁试剂。因此,寻求并开发以铁蛋白为原料的新型补铁功能食品已成为一种趋势。为了更科学地应用于实践和开发,对铁蛋白理化性质及其生物学功能的阐明显得颇为重要。目前,关于铁蛋白铁释放机理的研究分为体外和体内两个方面,体外机理涉及还原剂和螯合剂的共同作用,而体内机理主要涉及降解途径和酶介导的还原释放途径。综述了国内外有关铁蛋白铁释放机理的研究进展,以期为新型补铁功能食品的开发提供理论依据。     

铁强化乳的生物物理化学变化

铁缺乏是全球性的营养疾病。在膳食中进行铁强化是一种有效的治疗和预防铁缺乏的措施。乳及乳制品由于消费量大、营养价值高而成为很有吸引力的铁强化载体。但是,乳及乳制品中强化铁以后,会导致一些有重要影响的生物物理化学变化,文中对此进行了综述。     

Infection and anemia in Canadian aboriginal infants.

The prevalence of anemia in Aboriginal children is high, but, given the high burden of infection in these children, the extent to which anemia is due to iron deficiency and/or infection is unclear. To determine the contribution of iron deficiency to anemia, we screened 144 Aboriginal infants (70 boys, 74 girls) who were free from infection. The prevalence of anemia (hemoglobin <105 g/L) was 18.8%; caregivers reported that 53.5% of infants had had an infection in the two weeks before screening. Anemic infants were more likely than non-anemic infants to have had an infection before screening (74.1% versus 48.7%, p = 0.02), and anemic infants had a higher prevalence of iron deficiency revealed by low serum iron concentrations (<7 micromol/L) (73.7% versus 38.3%, p <0.01). Iron deficiency measured using serum ferritin concentration tended to be less marked in infants who had had an infection (13% versus 30.3%, p = 0.06); this is probably because serum ferritin is a positive acute-phase protein. This study indicates the difficulty of isolating the contribution of infection to anemia from the separate effects of dietary iron deficiency.     

Iron-Fortified Infant Cereals

Infants are particularly susceptible to iron deficiency and related anemia due to their high growth rates and the low iron content of breast milk and most unfortified weaning foods. Cows' milk also is poor in iron, and certain forms of cows' milk cause blood and thus iron loss from the gastrointestinal tract. Iron-fortified cereal-based complementary foods – infant cereals – are recommended to supply the iron needs of older infants. Fortified infant cereals contain much more iron than other fortified cereal products – up to ten or fifteen times as much. Highly or slightly soluble iron salts have excellent bioavailability, but affect color and reduce chemical stability, so these iron salts are not commonly used to fortify infant cereals. Insoluble sources of iron, such as the iron phosphates, were used historically to fortify infant cereals, but these sources have very poor bioavailability. Infants depending on these cereals for iron suffered from high rates of iron deficiency and anemia.

Elemental iron of small particle size, particularly electrolytic iron, currently is the generally accepted vehicle for infant cereal fortification. Iron-fortified cereal made with electrolytic iron reduces iron deficiency and related anemia in several settings but unfortunately is not fully protective in all. Ascorbic acid is a known enhancer of iron bioavailability but ascorbic acid is heat-labile and ascorbic activity declines rapidly during storage. Nonetheless, adding ascorbic acid during processing appears to improve the availability of electrolytic iron and thus the reliability of iron-fortified infant cereal as a means of preventing iron deficiency in older infants.     

Studies on iron deficiency anemia, rickets and zinc deficiency and their prevention among Chinese preschool children.

The incidence of iron deficiency anemia, rickets, and zinc deficiency is very high in Chinese preschool children and a method for prevention is urgently needed. From our studies, it can be seen that a soft drink powder is a convenient vehicle for the supplementation of iron, zinc, calcium, vitamin D, riboflavin, and ascorbic acid. Table salt is also a good, low-cost carrier for iron and zinc, and cow's milk can only be used for the enrichment of vitamins A and D. In our study the therapeutic dose of iron was lower than 3 mg/kg body weight recommended by the WHO Expert Committee. As ascorbic acid can enhance the absorption of iron in the body, so 300 mg vitamin C was added to 100 g of soft drink powder containing 100 mg of elemental iron. Ten g of powder is not only enough for the prevention of iron deficiency anemia but it can also cure iron deficiency anemia within 3 months. One hundred mg of iron in 100 g of table salt is an adequate level, because an adult or a child taking 10 or 5 g of salt will receive 10 and 5 mg of elemental iron respectively. This dosage is adequate for the prevention of anemia. From our results, 10 mg of zinc daily is enough for the prevention and treatment of zinc deficiency in preschool children. Four hundred IU of vitamin D (from fortified soft drink powder or enriched fresh cow's milk) orally-administered daily, is a good way to prevent rickets in infants and young children.     

The connection between vitamin and iron status indexes of school-age children

The analysis of vitamin and iron indexes of 95 children sufficiently supplied with vitamin C and vitamin B2 and carotenoids deficiency has been carried out. Vitamin E deficit takes place among anemic children (with decreased hemoglobin blood level) 2 fold more often than among healthy children. From another side, decreased hemoglobin blood level, erythrocyte quantity and erythrocyte indexes have been determined 1.7-2.4 fold more often in insufficiently supplied with vitamin E children. Tocopherols serum level had tendency to the decrease and vitamin E deficit took place 2 fold more frequently in children suffering from iron deficiency anemia that is with decreased hemoglobin and serum ferritin concentrations. Marked positive linear correlation between these iron indexes and vitamin E serum level has been revealed. These results give evidence concerning significant role of this vitamin in the body iron supplying. The results obtained give evidence for multi-deficient anemia presence among children, which are not always caused by iron deficit. High frequency of vitamin E and B group vitamins deficiency proves expediency of these vitamins inclusion in complex therapy of iron deficiency.     

胶原多肽螯合钙的研究进展

目前我国居民钙摄入量不足,普遍存在缺钙现象,传统的补钙制剂存在缺陷,将逐步被新型钙制剂所取代。胶原多肽螯合钙作为新型生物钙制剂,具有吸收效率高、无副作用、服用方便等特点,是一种良好的补钙产品。近些年来,许多学者研究胶原多肽螯合钙,为补钙产品提供了新思路。胶原多肽作为其原料的一部分,与钙螯合后可以帮助钙的转运和吸收,被一起摄入后兼补了两种营养素。从一些动物加工的副产物中可以提取胶原多肽和钙,利用他们为原料制备胶原多肽螯合钙有利于副产物的高值化,也为副产物的利用提供了新途径。本文主要对胶原多肽螯合钙的原料制备、螯合工艺、螯合效果的影响因素、发展前景进行了概述。