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基于水合物法分离技术建立了一套能够连续分离混合气体的实验装置,可以同时实现水合物的生成和化解,即水合物在反应器中生成之后被输送至化解器中立刻化解,且化解后的工作液能够循环利用。利用此装置对模拟煤层气(CH450.44%(mol)+N249.56%(mol))进行了水合分离实验研究,工作液为6%(mol)的四氢呋喃(THF)水溶液,实验条件为温度278.15~281.15 K,压力0.7~1.1 MPa,原料气流量1~5 L·min-1(标况下),工作液流量60 L·h-1。结果表明:低温、高压、低原料气流量有利于水合物中CH4的富集和CH4回收。水合物相CH4含量在52.53%~64.24%(mol);剩余气中CH4含量在45.33%~49.63%(mol);CH4回收率介于3.0%~19.4%。其中,279.15 K,1.1 MPa,原料气流量1 L·min-1为较好的操作条件。结果表明连续性水合分离过程在理论上和实际应用中均适用于煤层气的分离。 相似文献
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向模拟煤层气(13.11vol% CH4+86.89vol% N2)中添加5.8mol%四氢呋喃(THF)?0.03mol%十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)促进剂溶液分离提纯煤层气,考察了压力、温度、反应时间对气体消耗量、反应速率、分解气中甲烷浓度、甲烷回收率和甲烷分离因子的影响,采用色谱分析法分别测定了CH4在剩余气相和分解气相中的浓度。结果表明,压力增加,CH4回收率增大,CH4分离因子增大,CH4分离效果越好;温度是影响甲烷分离因子的关键因素,温度降低,氮气和甲烷竞争进入水合物晶体中,导致水合物相中甲烷浓度降低;温度升高有利于提高水合物对甲烷的选择性。甲烷回收效率最高可达98.65%,分离因子最大为14.83。随反应时间增加,分解气中CH4浓度升高。 相似文献
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开发利用低浓度煤层气资源,对于缓解我国能源紧缺、消费结构不合理等问题具有重要意义。本文介绍了我国低浓度煤层气的利用现状,通过比较和分析几种煤层气提纯技术的优缺点,认为水合物法提纯技术具有很大潜力。水合物法提纯低浓度煤层气技术具有环保、安全、储气率高、原料简单等优点,同时仍需解决降低水合物生成条件、缩短水合物诱导时间、提高CH4回收率等关键问题。重点概括了低浓度煤层气水合物热力学和动力学基本理论的发展以及水合法提纯低浓度煤层气技术的机理研究。从表面活性剂、新型耦合技术及水合反应器三个方面分别阐述了水合物法提纯低浓度煤层气技术的研究进展。最后,展望了水合物法提纯低浓度煤层气技术的工业化前景,提出了以下具体研究方向:探寻优质的添加剂组合并结合多级分离的方法对低浓度煤层气进行提纯,进一步探究水合法同其他煤层气提纯法相耦合的技术,优化反应器结构以及完善经济评价体系来促进其工业化进程。 相似文献
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对煤层气和水在一定条件下生成结晶状物质(NGH)从而使得煤层气以固态方式储运进行了研究。结果表明:NGH制备和储存条件温和,分解技术难度不大。与传统储运技术相比,应用NGH技术储运煤层气密度高、费用低,而且安全可靠,在煤层气储运和矿井瓦斯处理等方面都具有很高的应用价值。 相似文献
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为解决当前煤层气开采利用率低且煤层气中氧气和氮气含量较高影响其应用的问题,在对气体水合物生产原理及不同气体所形成水合物稳定性分析的基础上,基于气体水合物方法提纯煤层气设计了实验装置、实验方法和实验过程,重点研究不同浓度TBAC水溶液对煤层气气体水合物相平衡条件和动力性,为后续煤层提纯的实践应用提供指导。 相似文献
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L-色氨酸是一种新型水合物动力学促进剂。为了研究L-色氨酸与热力学促进剂四氢呋喃(THF)两者协同作用下对水合物法分离煤层气中甲烷的影响,在温度为274.15 K、初始压力为10 MPa的封闭反应条件下,通过实验研究L-色氨酸+四氢呋喃(摩尔分数5.56%)复合溶液体系下摩尔分数30%CH4/70%N2混合气体水合物的生成过程,确定了在L-色氨酸协同作用下水合物的生成时间、气体消耗量、甲烷分离率。实验结果表明:色氨酸质量分数为300×10-6时,对水合物生成的促进作用最为明显,可缩短水合物的生成时间,但对降低相平衡压力没有明显效果。当质量分数增加到1 000×10-6时,对水合物的生成表现为明显的抑制作用。相比单一的THF体系,加入色氨酸之后的组合体系进一步增加了水合物的生成量,并明显降低了反应时间,具有良好的应用前景。 相似文献
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基于水合物的混空煤层气分离技术 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
混合气体的水合物法分离是一项具有广阔应用前景的新技术。在对气体水合物理论、应用技术进行概述的基础上,针对抽采煤层气混掺空气的现状,提出一种新工艺:将原料气引入反应器中,控制温度和压力,在特定条件下生成甲烷水合物,排出非水合气体—空气,实现煤层气的净化提浓。生成的甲烷水合物,或气化后经管道输送,或装罐储存。水合物的快速合成是分离技术的关键。 相似文献
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分别测定了煤气化合成气在纯水以及两种不同浓度(6%(mol)和5%(mol)的四氢呋喃(THF)水溶液中的水合物生成条件,实验结果表明THF的加入可以大大降低合成气生成水合物的压力,使合成气能够在较低的压力下通过生成水合物的方法得到分离,同时也为该分离方法应用于实际工业装置提供了可行性。研究还成功地将Chen-Guo水合物热力学模型应用到含有一氧化碳气体的水合物生成条件的预测,并对合成气在纯水中不同温度下生成水合物的压力进行了计算,与本次实验值比较,得到平均误差为8.64%,肯定了实验结果的准确性。在此基础上,选定在5%(mol)THF水溶液中,气液比为100:1,反应压力为5MPa(绝)的条件下,分别进行反应温度为279.15K、281.15K、283.15K、284.15K和285.15K的水合物法分离合成气实验,提浓其中的氢气和一氧化碳。实验结果表明,284.15K时,氢气的回收率达到79.8%,氢气和一氧化碳的总回收率为76.0%,分离后二者总的体积百分含量由原料气中的88%提高到93%,分离效果较为满意。 相似文献
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综述了应用于低浓度煤层气分离的主要方法,包括低温精馏法、吸附分离法、膜分离法和水合物法,探讨了各种方法在不同工艺条件下的分离效果,分析了它们的优缺点。文中总结了每种方法需要解决与突破的关键性问题:低温精馏法获得的甲烷浓度高,但在处理含氧煤层气时首先要脱氧;吸附分离的关键技术在于吸附剂的选择,吸附剂决定了该方法的经济效益与难易程度;对于膜法分离,影响煤层气分离效果的主要因素在于膜材料的选择及制膜工艺;对于水合物法,寻找制备具有较高分离效率的添加剂是关键。最后指出,多种方法结合、多级分离的分离方法是未来研究发展方向。 相似文献
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提出了一种采用螺杆压缩机作为增压装置,燃气发动机作为驱动装置的移动式煤层气增压装置的形式.介绍了该装置的结构、工作原理及性能特点,最后对其在应用中应注意的问题做出了分析. 相似文献
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Experimental data on the kinetics of methane hydrate formation in aqueous electrolyte solutions are reported. The experiments were carried out in a semi-batch stirred tank reactor in three NaCl and two KCl solutions as well as in a solution containing a mixture of NaCl and KCl at three different nominal temperatures from 270 to 274 K and at pressures ranging from 3.78 to 7.08 MPa. The kinetic model developed by Englezos et al. (1987a) was adapted to predict the growth of hydrates. The model is based on the crystallisation theory coupled with the two-film theory for gas absorption in the liquid phase. The kinetic rate constant which appears in the model was that obtained earlier for methane hydrate formation in pure water. The effect of the electrolytes was taken into account through the computation of the three-phase equilibrium conditions and the corresponding fugacities. Overall, the model predictions match the experimental data very well with the largest prediction error being less than 10%. 相似文献
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Experimental data on the kinetics of carbon dioxide hydrate formation and its solubility in distilled water are reported. The experiments were carried out in a semi-batch stirred tank reactor at nominal temperatures of 274, 276 and 278 K and at pressure ranging from 1.59 to 2.79 MPa for the kinetics experiments and at pressure ranging from 0.89 to 2.09 MPa for the solubility experiments. A minor inconsistency in the kinetic model developed by Englezos et al. (1987a) was removed and the model was modified to determine the intrinsic kinetic rate constant for carbon dioxide hydrate formation. The same model was also used to re-determine the intrinsic kinetic rate constant for methane hydrate formation. The model is based on the crystallization theory coupled with the two-film theory for gas absorption in the liquid phase. The Henry's constant (H) and apparent dissolution rate constant (KLa) required in the model were determined using the experimental solubility data. The kinetic model describes the experimental data very well. The kinetic rate constant obtained for the carbon dioxide hydrate formation was found to be higher than that for methane. 相似文献
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提高水合物生成速率和储气密度对天然气水合物技术应用非常重要。将三种孔密度的泡沫铜(CF)分别浸入十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)溶液中构建水合储气强化体系,在高压静态反应釜中研究泡沫金属对甲烷水合物生成动力学特性。实验结果表明,泡沫铜骨架能为水合物生成提供充足的结晶点,同时可作为水合物生长过程水合热迁移的“高速公路”。甲烷水合物在SDS/CF体系中可快速生成,最大水合储气速率分布在19.24~21.04 mmol·mol-1·min-1之间,其中添加15 PPI泡沫铜的SDS溶液储气量最高(139 mmol·mol-1),且达到最大储气量90%所用时间最短(10.1 min)。在6.0~8.0 MPa压力下,相比SDS溶液,添加15 PPI泡沫铜的SDS溶液储气量提高了8.8%~35.6%,储气速率提高了4.7%~40.4%;特别在压力为5.0 MPa时,该孔密度SDS/CF体系储气量甚至比SDS溶液增加13倍,储气速率增加16倍。 相似文献
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Effect of different surfactants on methane hydrate formation rate, stability and storage capacity 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The effects of anionic surfactants sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LABS), cationic surfactant cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and non-ionic surfactant ethoxylated nonylphenol (ENP) on the formation, dissociation and storage capacity of methane hydrate have been investigated. Each surfactant was tested with 3 concentrations 300, 500 and 1000 ppm and it has been found that SDS, when prepared with these three concentrations speeds up the hydrate formation rate effectively. LABS increases the hydrate formation rate at 500 and 1000 ppm but decreases it at 300 ppm. CTAB and ENP have promotion effect on hydrate formation rate at 1000 ppm but decrease it at 300 and 500 ppm. Hydrate stability tests have been performed at three temperatures 268.2, 270.2 and 272.2 K with and without surfactant promoters. The results show that all tested additives increase the dissociation rate of methane hydrate below the ice point. CTAB has the minimum and LABS the maximum effect on the methane hydrate dissociation rate. Experimental results on hydrate gas content revealed that maximum storage capacity of 165 V/V is obtained with 1000 ppm of CTAB in water. 相似文献
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Jiwoong Seol Dong‐Yeun Koh Minjun Cha Woongchul Shin Young‐Joo Lee Ji‐Hoon Kim Jaehyoung Lee Huen Lee 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2012,58(1):322-328
Anomalous chloride concentration enrichment has been detected in marine sediments comprising methane hydrates (MHs). In this study, we designed an electric circuit system linked to the high‐pressure resistance cell in which the chloride ion concentration can be directly measured within reliable accuracy under in situ conditions of the deep‐sea floor pressure and temperature. Chloride concentration increased under a fast MH formation rate, but no noticeable concentration change was detected under a relatively low‐rate. Furthermore, we suggested that the MH formation rate must be maintained at least ~102 mol m?2 yr?1 so as to efficiently enrich chlorides and retain the acquired chlorinity. The present experimental system dose not fully reflect the relatively minor effective variables such as vertical advections in real system, but the results seem to be sufficient for revealing chloride enrichment phenomena induced by fast MH formation rate with free methane gas. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012 相似文献