硫铁共掺TiO_2水热合成及其光催化性能的研究

以TiCl4为钛源,FeCl3和硫脲为掺杂剂,分别在不同温度下水热反应2 h制备硫和铁共掺杂的纳米TiO2,采用XRD、可见分光光度计对样品进行表征,并以在可见光激发下纳米TiO2对甲基橙光催化降解体系评价其光催化活性。结果表明,水热温度在160℃以上时,硫铁的共掺杂能促使锐钛矿晶粒的形成。金红石TiO2与少量的锐钛矿TiO2混合能有效提高光催化性能,其中以水热温度为170℃的共掺样品的催化效果最好。     

硫铁共掺TiO2水热合成及其光催化性能的研究

以TiC14为钛源,FeCl3和硫脲为掺杂剂,分别在不同温度下水热反应2h制备硫和铁共掺杂的纳米TiO2,采用XRD、可见分光光度计对样品进行表征,并以在可见光激发下纳米TiO2对甲基橙光催化降解体系评价其光催化活性.结果表明,水热温度在160℃以上时,硫铁的共掺杂能促使锐钛矿晶粒的形成.金红石TiO2与少量的锐钛矿TiO2混合能有效提高光催化性能,其中以水热温度为170℃的共掺样品的催化效果最好.     

纳米TiO2粉体的制备及其光催化性能研究

以四氯化钛为原料,采用水解法制备了纳米TiO2粉体。用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)对制备的粉体进行了表征,并研究了其对甲基橙的光催化降解性能。结果表明:产物为纯锐钛矿相纳米TiO2,一次粒度在100 nm以内;对甲基橙具有一定的催化降解作用,热处理温度为500℃时,产物的光催化活性较高。     

三乙醇胺-水介质水热合成二氧化钛及性能研究

以有机溶剂三乙醇胺为矿化剂,T(iOH)4为前驱体水热合成锐钛矿TiO2,研究了水热温度、水热时间、矿化剂的浓度及反应釜填充度对产品光催化性能的影响。结果表明,矿化剂浓度为0.5mol.L-1,反应釜填充度为80%,170℃、水热9h合成的TiO2的光降解甲基橙效果最佳。     

制备条件对纳米TiO2溶胶结构和性能的影响

以四氯化钛和氨水为原料,在低温下制备锐钛矿型纳米TiO2溶胶。通过XRD测试与对亚甲基兰和甲基橙的光催化降解实验,探讨了制备过程中酸的种类、酸的浓度、回流温度和回流时间对TiO2结构和光催化性能的影响。并得出具有高光催化活性纳米TiO2溶胶的最佳制备条件:硝酸浓度为0.08mol/L,回流温度为80℃,回流时间为2h。此条件下产物在太阳光照下对甲基橙和亚甲基蓝的催化降解率大于95%。     

纳米TiO2/凹凸棒石光催化复合材料的制备及其动力学

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米TiO2/凹凸棒石光催化复合材料,并对其进行了表征. XRD结果表明,复合材料为锐钛矿相和金红石相的混晶结构,HRTEM和SEM图像显示,在凹凸棒石表面均匀负载了一层纳米TiO2颗粒. 实验考察了煅烧温度、催化剂用量及材料吸附性能对其光催化性能的影响,结果表明,600℃下煅烧制备的复合材料中TiO2晶粒尺寸为16 nm,锐钛矿相含量87%. 复合材料对甲基橙有较强的吸附性,吸附平衡常数Ka=0.00896 L/mg,催化剂添加量为3 g/L时光照2 h对甲基橙的降解率达92%. 光催化动力学方程符合Langmnir-Hinshelwood模型,二级动力学方程可很好地描述其降解规律：lnCt+0.00896Ct=0.418-0.0197t.     

TiO2粉体的光谱特性与光催化性能的研究

通过X射线衍射、透射电镜、BET氮吸附比表面、漫反射光谱、荧光光谱等测试手段表征TiO2细粉和纳米TiO2粉的特性; 并通过降解甲基橙的光催化实验, 研究了TiO2粉体不同粒径、晶相与光催化效果的关系.锐钛矿相及锐钛矿和金红石的复合相粉体的半导体特性明显, 颗粒越小光催化的效果越好, 粒度＜15 nm的粉体光催化效率最高.     

以水溶性壳聚糖为添加剂纳米TiO_2的制备及其光催化性能测试

以水溶性壳聚糖为添加剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO2光催化剂。利用粒度分析、热重分析、X射线衍射对胶体及纳米TiO2进行表征,以甲基橙为模型反应评价纳米TiO2的光催化性能。结果表明,煅烧温度达到500℃时水溶性壳聚糖分解完全,粉末以锐钛矿晶型为主;添加剂使胶体颗粒变小;纳米TiO2具有较高的光催化活性,反应50 min时,甲基橙的降解率可达(99±1)%。     

活性炭负载TiO2的制备与表征

在固定床中以玉米秸秆为原料采用二氧化碳活化制备活性炭,并以活性炭为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO2／AC复合催化剂,通过光催化降解甲基橙对其光催化活性进行研究。正交实验表明：当二氧化碳流量500mL·min^-1、活化温度800℃、活化时间40min时,制备的活性炭负载TiO2光催化性能最好,甲基橙降解率高达98．4％;采用XRD和SEM表征最佳工艺制得的TiO2／AC,发现TiO2／AC为锐钛矿型,粒径约为12nm。     

TiO2粉末纳米尺寸效应对光催化性能的影响

用溶胶一凝胶法制备了TiO2纳米粉晶。对TiO2干凝胶粉进行了差热-热重(DTA/TG)分析；对不同温度处理的粉末用X射线衍射(XRD)进行了研究，并进行了比表面积测试。研究发现随着热处理温度的升高，纳米粉末的粒径逐渐增大，比表面积逐渐减小：晶型由锐钛矿变为金红石相。本实验通过光催化降解甲基橙来表征粉末的光催化活性。结果表明，TiO2纳米粉末的粒径、比表面积及晶型严重影响其光催化活性。另外，实验还发现TiO2纳米粉末对于光催化活性存在一个临界尺寸(约lOnm),当粉末的粒径小于这个临界尺寸时,其比表面积和光催化活性急剧增大。     

N掺杂TiO2粉体晶体结构与光催化性能的研究

以NH4NO3为氮源,采用溶胶凝胶法制备TiO2粉体.在紫外光的照射下,对有机染料甲基橙进行降解,来评价TiO2粉体的光催化性能.利用场发射扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪对TiO2粉体的晶型和形貌进行表征.结果表明:氮元素的加入不仅能够提高TiO2的光催化性能,同时对TiO2的晶体结构也有影响;氮元素通过改变TiO2晶型和单纯...     

Effects of hydrothermal temperature and time on the photocatalytic activity and microstructures of bimodal mesoporous TiO2 powders

Bimodal nanocrystalline mesoporous TiO₂ powders with high photocatalytic activity were prepared by a hydrothermal method using tetrabutylorthotitanate (TiO(C₄H₉)₄, TBOT) as precursor. The as-prepared TiO₂ powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and N₂ adsorption–desorption measurements. The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared TiO₂ powders was evaluated by the photocatalytic degradation of acetone (CH₃COCH₃) under UV-light irradiation at room temperature in air. The effects of hydrothermal temperature and time on the microstructures and photocatalytic activity of the TiO₂ powders were investigated and discussed. It was found that hydrothermal treatment enhanced the phase transformation of the TiO₂ powders from amorphous to anatase and crystallization of anatase. All TiO₂ powders after hydrothermal treatment showed bimodal pore-size distributions in the mesoporous region: one was intra-aggregated pores with maximum pore diameters of ca. 4–8 nm and the other with inter-aggregated pores with maximum pore diameters of ca. 45–50 nm. With increasing hydrothermal temperature and time, the average crystallite size and average pore size increased, in contrast, the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface areas, pore volumes and porosity steadily decreased. An optimal hydrothermal condition (180 °C for 10 h) was determined. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared TiO₂ powders under optimal hydrothermal conditions was more than three times higher than that of Degussa P25.     

微波水热法制备稀土元素铒掺杂TiO_2光催化剂及光催化活性

采用微波水热法和溶胶-凝胶法制备稀土元素Er掺杂TiO_2光催化剂TiO_2-Er,以甲基橙溶液为模拟污染物,在微波辐射-紫外光照(MW-UV)和太阳光照条件下,考察TiO_2-Er光催化剂的光催化降解活性。分别用N_2吸附-脱附、ICP-AES和PL光谱分析对TiO_2-Er光催化剂进行结构测试和表征。结果表明,Er掺杂能显著提高TiO_2光催化剂光催化活性,微波水热法制备的TiO_2-Er光催化剂具有较高的光催化活性;微波水热法和溶胶-凝胶法制备的TiO_2-Er光催化剂微波辐射-紫外光照50 min,甲基橙降解率分别为100%和98.5%,太阳光照4 h,甲基橙降解率分别为99.0%和97.5%。微波水热法具有晶化时间短和元素掺杂均匀的优点,制备的TiO_2-Er光催化剂具有形貌均匀、孔径较大、孔分布均匀和比表面积较大等特点,且Er掺杂能抑制光生e~-/h~+复合,使光生e~-/h~+的分离效率得到提高,有利于光催化活性的提高。     

Hydrothermal synthesis of titanium dioxides from peroxotitanate solution using different amine group-containing organics and their photocatalytic activity

Nanosized TiO₂ particles were prepared by hydrothermal method of the amorphous powders which were precipitated in an aqueous peroxotitanate solution using different amine group-containing organics. The physical properties of prepared nanosized TiO₂ particles were investigated. We also examined the activity of TiO₂ particles as a photocatalyst for the decomposition of orange II. The TiO₂ particles calcined at 400 °C were shown to have a stable anatase phase which has no organic compounds. The particles size of titania particles decreased from 15 to 10 nm as the carbon chain length increased. The titania nanoparticles were shown to have a polygonal shape prepared using NH₄OH and tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAOH) as additives, however, the micrographs showed the spherical and narrow size distribution prepared using tetraethyl-ammonium hydroxide (TEAOH) and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH). The titania particles prepared using TEAOH as an amine group-containing organic showed the highest activity on the photocatalytic decomposition of orange II. In addition, the titania particles calcined at 500 °C showed the highest activity on the photocatalytic decomposition of orange II.     

TiO2/SiO2复合材料光催化降解甲基橙的动力学研究

以钛酸丁酯和正硅酸乙酯为主要原料,用一步溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2/SiO2复合材料,同时采用紫外灯为光源,考察了不同TiO2/SiO2复合光催化剂用量及不同甲基橙初始浓度对光催化降解率的影响。结果表明：TiO2/SiO2复合材料的光催化效果良好,比相同条件下纯TiO2的光催化活性有明显提高;其光催化降解甲基橙的动力学表现为Langmuir—Hinshelwood一级反应动力学规律。     

Hydrothermal synthesis of titanium dioxide using acidic peptizing agents and their photocatalytic activity

We have prepared TiO₂ nanoparticles by the hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) using HNO₃ as a peptizing agent in the hydrothermal method. The physical properties of nanosized TiO₂ have been investigated by TEM, XRD and FT-IR. The photocatalytic degradation of orange II has been studied by using a batch reactor in the presence of UV light. When the molar ratio of HNO₃/TTIP was 1.0, the rutile phase appeared on the titania and the photocatalytic activity decreased with an increase of HNO₃ concentration. The crystallite size of the anatase phase increased from 6.6 to 24.2 nm as the calcination temperature increased from 300 °C to 600 °C. The highest activity on the photocatalytic decomposition of orange II was obtained with titania particles dried at 105 °C without a calcination and the photocatalytic activity decreased with increasing the calcination temperature. In addition, the titania particles prepared at 180 °C showed the highest activity on the photocatalytic decomposition of orange II. This paper was prepared at the 2004 Korea/Japan/Taiwan Chemical Engineering Conference held at Busan, Korea between November 3 and 4, 2004.     

微乳法合成纳米TiO2及其光催化性能

采用乙二亚甲基-双(十六烷基二甲基溴化铵)(EbCDAB)/正己醇/水微乳体系制备纳米TiO2,通过TG、XRD、FTIR和TEM对其结构和表面形貌进行表征,以降解甲基橙为探针反应,在紫外光的照射下,与P25对比评价了催化剂的性能。结果表明,与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)形成的微乳体系制备的样品相比,EbCDAB体系制备得到的产物平均粒径小,具有较高的热稳定性和晶型稳定性,经700℃焙烧后仍能保持良好的锐钛矿相;经500℃焙烧后的样品光催化活性均比P25高,当m(正己醇)∶m(EbCDAB)=6∶3时,样品粒径最小,光催化性能最佳,反应60min后,甲基橙的降解率可达82.6%。